Showing papers on "FOIL method published in 1980"

Patient plate for diathermy apparatus, and diathermy apparatus fitted with it

Abstract: An aluminium foil electrode 11 is secured to a flexible insulating sheet 10 by pressure sensitive adhesive. The foil has a slot 14 extending for the major portion of the foil's length from a contact edge 12b. To test for cracks in the foil which might cause poor electrical contact with the patient and thus cause diathermy burns, the resistance around the U-shaped pathway from the contact edge on one side of the slot to the other side of the slot is monitored. The adhesive is exposed through the slot 14 and through cut-out apertures 15,15a in the foil 11, to improve contact of the patient plate with the patient. A removable cover sheet 16 protects the exposed adhesive when not in use.

Homogeneous ductile brazing foils

Abstract: Brazing of metal parts employing a homogeneous, ductile, filler metal foil is disclosed. The brazing foil, useful for brazing stainless steels, has a composition consisting essentially of 0 to about 4 atom percent iron, 0 to about 21 atom percent chromium, 0 to about 16 atom percent boron, 0 to about 19 atom percent silicon, 0 to about 22 atom percent phosphorus and the balance nickel and incidental impurities. In addition to containing the foregoing elements within the above-noted composition ranges, the composition must be such that the total of iron, chromium and nickel ranges from about 76 to 84 atom percent and the total of boron, silicon and phosphorus ranges from about 16 to 24 atom percent. The ductile foil permits fabrication of preforms of complex shapes which do not require binders and/or fluxes necessary for brazing powders presently used to braze stainless steels and nickel base alloys.

Method and apparatus for joining abutting edges of sheet material

Abstract: A method and apparatus for adhesively bonding together in edge abutting relationship two sheets of woven, felted or other textile such as carpet using a joining tape which includes electrically conductive-metal foil or wires and an integral layer of heat softenable adhesive. Electric current is passed through the foil or wires to thereby heat and soften the adhesive. A control circuit senses the voltage and current in the foil or wires and controls the current in accordance with an adjustable predetermined value to heat the adhesive to a temperature at which the adhesive becomes tacky. The control circuit maintains the adhesive in the tacky state while the abutting edges which overlap the tape are adjusted as required to form the desired join. The control circult is then adjusted to increase the current in the foil or wires to increase the temperature thereof and melt the adhesive so that it flows into the material of the sheets. The current is terminated when the adhesive is fully melted so that the adhesive sets to bond the edge portions of the sheets to the tape.

Method of shaping thermoplastic compositions on aluminum foil support

Abstract: Thermoplastic resin compositions are formed into shaped objects in a rapid-stamping process when such compositions are pre-heated and supported upon a metal foil support. The heated and relatively flowable composition is then readily transferred by means of the foil carrier to a stamping press by automatic or manual means. The thermoplastic composition may be filled and/or reinforced, and may be in the form of sheets, logs, cakes or other irregular shaped objects.

Transfer lamination of vapor deposited foils method and product

Abstract: A copper-clad laminate having special utility in printed circuit board production because of its extremely smooth and virtually pinhole-free surface is made by vapor depositing a copper film on a layer of silica on an aluminum carrier sheet, electrodepositing a layer of copper on the film to form a foil, bonding the foil to a substrate and finally stripping the foil and substrate laminate from the silica-coated carrier sheet.

Multilayer heat insulator

Abstract: The invention relates to multilayer heat insulators wherein gas-impermeable layers each made of a metal foil of one member selected from the group consisting of aluminum, nickel and stainless steel and gas-containing layers each made of at least one member selected from the group consisting of glass fiber, asbestos fiber, mineral fiber, ceramic fiber, carbon fiber, silica powder, alumina powder and zirconia powder in the form of wool, paper or mat are laminated alternately so that the same layers do not contact each other. The thickness of the gas-impermeable layer is 10 to 20 μm, the thickness of the gas-containing layer is 0.3 to 1.8 mm and its porosity is 0.98 to 0.95 to make the thermal conductivity of this laminated multilayer heat insulator about 0.02 kcal/mh° C. (200° C.) so that the behavior of the contained gas may be as small as possible, the thermal conduction may be prevented and the heat insulating performance may be improved.

Method and apparatus for thermo-compression diffusion bonding

Abstract: A method which utilizes thermo-compression diffusion bonding to attach a metal foil to structured copper. The different rate of expansion of metal press members with temperature creates a force which squeezes the foil and copper together to achieve a bond when the press and the parts to be joined are heated to an elevated temperature. Because of the high pressure achieved by the press, diffusion bonding occurs at a low enough temperature to avoid problems associated with use of the liquid phase of any of the metals undergoing bonding.

X-ray spectra and satellite classification of foil-excited Mg and Al

Abstract: Foil excitation of fast ion beams has been used to produce few-electron ions of magnesium and aluminium. The emission spectra have been analysed with a 10 cm curved crystal X-ray spectrometer. The spectra show series of transitions in H- and He-like ions and numerous satellite lines. By comparison with Hartree-XR calculations, these lines are seen to arise from core-excited two- to five-electron ions.

Enhanced oxide whisker growth on cold-rolled aluminum-containing stainless steel foil

Abstract: Alumina whiskers are grown on cold-rolled Fe-Cr-Al alloy foil by a two-step oxidation treatment. A bare metal surface is initially oxidized by heating while exposing to a predominantly inert atmosphere containing 0.1 volume percent oxygen or less. Thereafter, the surface is further oxidized by heating while exposing to air to grow the whiskers. In a preferred embodiment, whisker-covered foil is coated with a catalyst-bearing alumina layer and suitably wound into a structure for use in an automotive catalytic converter.

Ink droplet sensing means

Abstract: An ink droplet sensing means for detecting whether or not droplets are impinging on record media during ink jet printing operations. A synthetic foil having a metal layer is placed over a counter electrode having a rough surface on one side and a voltage is then applied to the electrode and the metal layer. Ink droplets impinging on the foil momentarily deflect the foil and cause a change in capacity which in turn causes a voltage change at the electrode. The voltage change is coupled through a capacitor and an amplifier and through recognition logic for evaluation of the signals.

Beam-Foil Lifetimes of Be-like Ions of Elements from Mg to S

Abstract: Decay curves of n = 2, Δn = 0 transitions in the singlet term system of 4-electron ions of Mg, Al, Si, P and S have been recorded. To investigate the time pattern in case of blends, some additional decays in 5- and 6-electron sulphur have been measured. The results are compared to theoretical predictions.

Method for producing foil electrodes for electrolytic capacitor

Abstract: Optimum conditions, employed in an etching process of an aluminum foil for use in an electrolytic capacitor, are selected and combined together for realizing an extension of the effective surface area of the foil. This extension also gives an enlargement of the electrostatic capacitance of the foil electrode as well as an enhancement of the mechanical strength of the foil itself, the latter had been considered to be hardly compatible with the former.

Laminate with heat-sealable polyester foil and package

Abstract: An improved flexible package for use in packaging acids, oxidants and the like is constructed with a laminate comprising, at least, an amorphous polyester ply and a metal foil ply. The package is characterized by a superior combination of excellent stability in heatsealing operations over a wide range of conditions and extraordinary chemical resistance to oxidants and acids.

Method for ribbon solar cell fabrication

Abstract: A method and apparatus for casting material into a ribbon shape in which molten material to be cast is extruded in a thin ribbon onto a moving sheet of foil of a metal having a sufficiently lower melting point or which forms an alloy with the molten material which has a sufficiently lower melting point than the molten material, to cause almost immediate melting of at least a portion of the foil which comes in contact with the ribbon of molten casting material, with crystallization of the cast material occuring on a layer of liquified foil or foil-cast material alloy. Also disclosed is the disposing of the metal foil, in the vicinity of the contact with the ribbon of molten casting material, on a cooled surface which is moving past the region of extrusion of the molten material. The method and apparatus is disclosed to be particularly useful in making cast ribbon of semiconductor material with a foil backing and desirable properties for photovoltaic solar cell applications. In addition, it is disclosed to add dopant to the solidifying semiconductor material after extrusion onto the metal foil and/or to add dopant to the surface of the metal foil prior to contact with the molten material, and also to thermally control the rate of crystallization of the molten material.

Transfer lamination of copper thin sheets and films, method and product

Abstract: A copper-clad laminate having special utility in the production of high resolution printed circuit patterns by either subtractive or semi-additive processing is made by vapor depositing a film of zinc on a copper film on a silica-coated aluminum carrier sheet, vapor depositing a silica film on the resulting zinc-copper foil, bonding the resulting body to a substrate and then stripping the silica-coated aluminum carrier sheet from the copper-clad laminate.

Thin foil electron microscope observations on NiTiCu shape memory alloys

Abstract: The results are reported of a transmission electron microscope study on foils of a series of shape memory alloys, based on NiTi in which up to half the Ni has been substituted for by Cu. It is shown that the unusual thin foil effects previously noted in the austenitic phase of the binary alloy, such as mottled images, “ghost” martensite, and extra spots and streaking in diffraction patterns are also present in the copper containing alloys. However, these effects do not appear to be a function of the temperature of the foil and remain strong at temperatures far aboveMs. On cooling from high temperatures, long, thin martensite plates of one variant form within eachβ grain. Such martensite is fully reversible on beam heating and has the structure of that found in bulk alloys of the same composition. The implications of these results are briefly discussed.

Wound foil structure comprising distinct catalysts

Abstract: A preferred catalytic converter structure suitable for treating automotive exhaust gases comprises a wound corrugated metal foil and gas passages defined by facing foil surfaces of adjacent turns, wherein one surface carries platinum catalyst and the facing surface separately carries palladium catalyst for concurrently treating gases flowing therethrough. A preferred method for manufacturing said structure comprises applying platinum catalyst and palladium catalyst to distinct halves in length of both foil surfaces, which halves border along a transverse axis, and winding the foil about the axis to bring the surfaces into facing relationship.

Homogeneous ductile brazing foils

Abstract: Metal parts are brazed by means of an amorphous filler metal foil. The brazing foil, useful for brazing stainless steels, has a composition consisting essentially of about 0-10 atom percent iron, about 0-20 atom percent chromium, about 3-5 atom percent molybdenum, about 5-35 atom percent cobalt, about 14-19 atom percent boron and the balance nickel and icidental impurities. The ductile foil permits fabrication of preforms of complex shapes which do not require binders and/or fluxes necessary for brazing powders presently used to braze stainless steels and nickel base alloys, and exhibits excellent braze-metal and high-temperature strengths.

Lithium-6 foil neutron detector

Abstract: A neutron detection apparatus is provided which includes a selected numberf flat surfaces of lithium-6 foil, and which further includes a gas mixture in contact with each of the flat surfaces for selectively reacting to charged particles emitted by or radiated from the lithium foil. A container is provided to seal the lithium foil and the gas mixture in a volume from which water vapor and atmospheric gases are excluded, the container having one or more walls which are transmissive to neutrons. Monitoring equipment in contact with the gas mixture detects reactions taking place in the gas mixture, and, in response to such reactions, provides notice of the flux of neutrons passing through the volume of the detector.

Air cushion foil for packaging purposes

Abstract: An air cushion foil (1) especially for packaging purposes, comprises a first smooth foil (2) of synthetic material and a second foil (4) having pocket-like depressions (3). The two foils are so connected with one another that the first foil (2) closes the pocket-like depressions (3) of the second foil (4) and forms pockets having pocket bases (6), pocket side walls (7) and curved transition regions (8) between the bases and the side walls. The pocket bases and curved transition regions are subjected to a roughening pre-treatment and are covered with a layer (9) of adhesive so that the foil can be stuck to goods to be packaged and pulled away without leaving adhesive on the goods.

Solder draw pad

Abstract: Soldering techniques, where a circuit component having a row of closely spaced leads (e.g., dual in-line packages) are to be soldered to a printed circuit board and the leads are oriented on the printed circuit board such that the row of leads is arranged parallel to the direction of motion of the printed circuit board through a wave solder pot, may effect a high incidence of soldering bridging. This bridging may form between the last few adjacent leads in the row which emerges from the solder pot. A printed circuit board is provided with an additional foil pad (or a pair of additional pads in the case of a dual in-line package) arranged in line with the row of leads. This additional foil pad tends to draw off any excess solder to reduce the solder bridging between adjacent leads during the soldering operation.

Flexible packaging structure and process for making it

Abstract: This invention is a novel laminate, and a process for making a laminate packaging material suitable for use with food in a retort environment. In the first step, polypropylene is coextruded with an anhydride modified polypropylene. In the second step the modified polypropylene is adhered to unprimed metal foil in a hot combining nip. In the third and final step, the surface of the foil opposite the surface affixed to the modified polypropylene is adhesively laminated to a biaxially oriented polymer.

Method of and apparatus for mounting a foil on a plate

Abstract: An apparatus for applying, without folds or trapped air pockets, a metal foil to an underlying plate of board comprises a pair of parallel elongate suction wedges juxtaposable to the plate and reciprocatable parallel thereto a vertically reciprocatable bar for clamping the foil to the plate along a line extending between the suction wedges and parallel thereto. The wedges are each provided with a multiplicity of apertures in a linear array along the vertex of the wedge and a textile web extending from the respective wedge parallel to the plate for supporting the foil during a withdrawal stroke of the wedge.

Semiconductor apparatus with integral heat sink tab

Abstract: A semiconductor package is provided in which the semiconductor element is bonded to a slab of metal and is encapsulated in a body of insulating epoxy Lead terminals are connected to the semiconductor element within the body and extend out from one end of the body The metal slab extends out from the body from the same end as the lead terminals and in a plane which is parallel to that of the terminals, thereby forming a heat sink tab for the device The package may be rigidly mounted on a printed circuit board by inserting the lead terminals and the heat sink tab into respective holes in a printed circuit board and soldering the terminals and tab to copper foil on the board The solder connection of the heat sink tab to the copper foil provides an excellent thermal contact between the tab and the foil, in addition to providing a rigid support for the device

Mica-foil laminations

Abstract: A method is disclosed for fabricating laminations of mica and conductive foils for generation of ions in air. A layer of mica is laminated to sheets of metallic foil using pressure sensitive adhesive as the bonding material. The foil is etched in order to form electrodes in a desired pattern. The mica-foil laminate may include an encapsulating layer or tape of pressure sensitive adhesive around the edges.

Passive dosimeter for detection of radon, thoron and daughters thereof

Abstract: In a passive dosimeter for the detection of radon and/or thoron and their daughters and including a diffusion chamber having two end faces, a first radioactive decay detector composed of a nuclear track detector foil or an integrating α-detector sealing one end face of the chamber, and a filter transmissive for radon and/or thoron, whereby the detector provides an indication of radon and thoron decay and the resultant daughters, there is further provided a second chamber corresponding in structure to the diffusion chamber and having two end faces, with one end face of the second chamber being sealed by the side of the filter directed away from the diffusion chamber, and a second radioactive decay detector substantially identical to the first detector sealing the other end face of the second chamber, with passages being provided between the second chamber and the environment of the dosimeter for passage of gas with radon and thoron and daughters to be measured into the second chamber. When the detector is a nuclear track detector foil, selected levels of the energy of α-particles impinging on the foil during exposure to such particles can be identified by first chemically pre-etching the foil for removing a layer of foil material to a depth corresponding to a selected α-particle energy level, and then performing an electrochemical etching operation on the foil for rendering the α-particle impingement tracks in the foil visible.