Showing papers on "Four-stroke engine published in 1986"

Engine retarding method and apparatus

Abstract: Process and apparatus are provided for the compres­sion release retarding of a multi-cylinder four cycle internal combusion engine, the process providing a compres­sion release event and a bleeder event or a second compression release event for each engine cylinder during each complete engine cycle while employing only one intake valve opening per engine cycle. In one embodiment, the normal motion of the exhaust valve is disabled and replaced with an opening of the exhaust valve at about the top dead center position of the engine piston following the compression stroke; maintaining the exhaust valve in the open position during the expansion stroke; partially closing the exhaust valve during the exhaust stroke; and fully closing the exhaust valve during the intake stroke. In another embodiment, the normal intake valve opening is delayed and the normal motion of the exhaust valve is dis­abled and replaced with an opening of the exhaust valve at about the top dead center position of the engine piston following the compression stroke; maintaining the exhaust valve in the open position during the expansion stroke; closing the exhaust valve at the end of the expansion stroke; and opening the exhaust valve briefly at about the next top dead center position of the engine piston. The apparatus includes hydraulic and mechanical means to disable and/or modify the movements of the exhaust and intake valves during the braking mode of the apparatus which includes hydraulic, mechanical and electrical means to manipulate the exhaust and intake valves as required to perform the process and operate the apparatus.

Apparatus and method for a balanced internal combustion engine coupled to a drive shaft

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is described in which the piston movement is parallel to the drive shaft. The engine cylinders are arranged in opposed pairs and the piston rods directly coupled so that the power stroke in one cylinder can assist with the compression stroke in the associated cylinder. The coupled or common piston rods have attached thereto a carriage that engages in a cam groove in the drive shaft. The drive shaft cam groove receives the force of the carriage as it is propelled by the pistons and the resulting torque causes a rotation of the drive shaft. The cylinders include a precompression chamber that assists in the exchange of combustion products with air. The internal combustion engine does not require special cooling and does not require a starter motor.

Turbo compound engine

Abstract: A turbo compound engine includes a generator for converting the exhaust energy of an internal combustion engine to electric energy and a motor operatively coupled to the output shaft of the internal combustion engine and drivable by the electric energy generated by the generator, so that the energy of the internal combustion engine can be recovered. The torque produced by the internal combustion engine is assisted dependent on the speed of rotation of the output shaft of the engine.

Supercharging system for automotive engines

Abstract: A supercharging system has a turbocharger driven by exhaust-gas of the engine, a supercharger driven by an engine and communicated with the turbocharger and the engine in series. A clutch is provided in a device for driving the supercharger and a bypass having a control valve is provided around the supercharger. A control unit is provided to respond to engine operating conditions for operating the clutch and the control valve. The control unit operates to disengage the clutch at light load on the engine in a predetermined low engine speed range, to engage the clutch at heavy load in the low engine speed range, and to disengage the clutch in a predetermined high engine speed range. The control valve is gradually opened in accordance with variation of engine operation conditions when the engine operation is in a transient state.

Auxiliary apparatus for a turbocharged internal combustion engine

Abstract: Intake and exhaust ports of an internal combustion engine possess respective turbine impellers, and an electrical rotary machine is formed on a rotary shaft connecting the impellers. Sensors are provided for sensing the loaded state of the engine at all times based on engine rpm and the amount of fuel supplied to the engine. When the engine is overloaded, the electrical rotary machine is made to operate as a motor to assist in the supercharging of the engine. When the engine load is not excessive, the rotary machine is made to operate as a generator to charge surplus energy, derived from the engine exhaust, in a storage battery.

Method of controlling an output of an internal combustion engine and/or a variable displacement hydraulic pump driven by the engine

Abstract: A method of controlling an output of an internal combustion engine having an electronic governor device and/or that of at least one variable displacement hydraulic pump driven by the engine in which, when the engine is operated in a range of high speed revolutions approximately equal to or exceeding the number of revolutions of the engine at a rated point on a governor control curve specific to the engine, the engine is operated by the action of the electonic governor device at a given point of a curve of equal horsepower of the engine where an engine output torque is higher than that in the high speed revolution range and where fuel consumption is lower than that in the range.

Lubricating system for an engine balancing device

Abstract: An engine balance device utilizing rotating balance shafts mounted in a housing means beneath the crankshaft and attached to the engine block by a plurality of legs spaced in the direction of the crankshaft axis to engage bearing journals located between cylinder bores. An oil pumping means evacuates oil from the housing means in cooperation with vacuum formation preventing air bleed means to the housing interior.

Portable engine unit

Abstract: A portable engine unit is provided. The unit comprises an engine including a clutch, a crankcase enclosing a crank shaft, an engine cylinder enclosing a piston and a piston rod, a carburetor, an air filter, a recoil starter, and a muffler; and a housing for enclosing the engine, comprising at least two portions which are assembled and disassembled along a plane including the axis of rotation of an output shaft of the engine to enclose and expose the engine.

External combustion engine with air-supported free piston

Abstract: An external combustion engine including a rotary motor providing the means for compressing air and expanding combusted gases, and an externally located combustion member in which fuel is burned The combustion member comprises a sleeve and a free piston reciprocating therein, thereby forming combustion chambers between its two ends and the end closures of the sleeve, as it reaches the end of its stroke The back and forth motion of the piston is independent of the rotation of the motor as these two components are not mechanically connected, having only ducting connections therebetween The combustion member air admission, combusted gas exhaust, the fuel injection and the ignition are all timely controlled and activated as a result of the free piston motion and location in the sleeve The fuel/air ratio is continuously monitored so as to prevent high combustion temperatures During its reciprocating motion the piston is guided so that its axial displacement causes a concomitant oscillating rotational movement such that the resulting piston motion may be used to operate the combustion member without the use of either inlet or outlet valves The piston is also supported during this motion by pressurized air cushions formed in association with a longitudinally oriented central hollow shaft extending between the sleeve end closures Solid contacts between the piston and the sleeve and/or shaft are thus prevented while the engine operates, eliminating causes of wear and extraneous heat production, and thus the need of lubrication

Method for driving an engine

Abstract: A method is described wherein the efficiency of an internal combustion engine is upgraded. Heat from the engine block is used to generate high pressure steam. The steam is generated in a chamber separate from and in addition to the standard engine cooling system water jacket. The high pressure steam is fed to a selected one of the engine pistons and used to drive that piston in an otherwise alternating pattern with the combustion stroke. The steam drive and the combustion drive for the selected piston alternate one with respect to the other.

Ringless piston engine

Abstract: An non-lubricated, ringless piston engine without a conventional heat exchange system having a cross-head guide for guiding and restraining the piston within a cylinder of a two-stroke engine. The piston-bore radial clearance gap is maintained during engine operation by means of a capacitance sensor controlling a temperature equilibrium flow system within the piston head and the cylinder jacket. The engine operates at high speeds to minimize horsepower losses due to gas leakage, while benefiting from reduced friction losses resulting from absence of piston rings. Blowing gases are collected and returned to the combustion chamber from a pumping chamber formed beneath the piston and above the cross-head guide.

Turbo compound internal combustion engine

Abstract: A turbo compound internal combustion engine (1) has an electrical generator (6) driven by an exhaust turbine (5) for converting the exhaust gas energy of the engine (1) to electric energy and an electric motor (12) operatively coupled to the output shaft (1d) of the engine. The motor (12) is driven by the electric energy generated by the generator (6) so that the energy of the exhaust gas can be recovered. The torque produced by the engine (1) is assisted by the motor (12) in dependence on the speed of rotation of the output shaft (1d) of the engine.

Drive arrangement for supercharger

Abstract: A motor vehicle having a transversely disposed supercharged engine The engine output shaft is connected to a flywheel which is connected to a transmission for driving the front wheels of the vehicle The supercharger is positioned at one end of the engine and is driven directly from the engine flywheel by a belt drive The other engine accessories are driven at the opposite end of the engine

Crankshaft circular slide block reciprocating piston internal combustion engine

Abstract: In this engine, the reciprocating movement of the piston is converted into rotating movement of the crankshaft by a crankshaft with the radius e and a circular slide block with the eccentric radius e. The piston stroke is 4e. For the reliable conversion of reciprocating movement of piston into rotating movement of the crankshaft, it is collocated a pair of inner gears on the crankshaft circular slide block mechanics. This device has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, light weight, high efficrenty and less vibrication. It can be used as monocylinder or multicylinder 4 stroke or 4 stroke gasoline engines or diesel engines. The effect will be even better when the ratio of the stroke to cylinder radius is lesser than 0.8.

Reciprocating balance weight mechanism for a piston type internal combustion engine

Abstract: A balancing mechanism for reducing the vibration of a piston type internal combustion engine having a crankshaft and a camshaft comprises one or more reciprocating balance weights driven by two rotating cams with at least one of said cams being driven by either said crankshaft or said camshaft.

Marine propulsion engine voltage generator arrangement

Abstract: A marine propulsion device comprising a lower unit including a rotatably mounted propeller, an internal combustion engine mounted on the lower unit and drivingly connected to the propeller, the engine including an engine block, a crankshaft and flywheel assembly including a crankshaft rotatably supported by the engine block and having an end extending from the engine block, and a flywheel mounted on the end of the crankshaft for rotation therewith, and a voltage generator including a magnet mounted on one of the assembly and the engine block, and a coil mounted on the other of the assembly and the engine block, the coil being radially spaced from the magnet, and an annular power takeoff pulley mounted on the flywheel and surrounding the voltage generator in adjacent relation thereto axially of the crankshaft.

Liquid-cooled piston

Abstract: A liquid-cooled piston for an internal combustion engine, especially a diesel internal combustion engine functioning on the direct injection principle, with a combustion chamber recess (2) in the piston (1) is proposed, in which cooling ducts (3) are arranged running approximately radially in a star-shaped configuration from an annular duct (4) to a central connecting bore (10). The cooling ducts (3) are at the same time provided as close as possible below the piston head (14). The coolant feed (6, 7) is by way of coolant spray nozzles in the crank casing of the internal combustion engine. The delivery of the cooling medium inside the piston (1) is achieved by the acceleration forces acting on the coolant due to the upwards and downwards movement of the piston (1).

Four-stroke internal combustion engine with two exhaust turbochargers

Abstract: The invention relates to a four-stroke internal combustion engine with two exhaust turbochargers, the turbines of which are fed by exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine, the exhaust gas initially being distributed to the first turbine and as the quantities of exhaust gas increase, by way of a reversing valve also to the second turbine as a function of parameters of the internal combustion engine. In order to improve the efficiency of the exhaust turbochargers and for a more rapid response of the internal combustion engine two exhaust valves are provided for each cylinder, which valves are each connected to a turbine of the respective exhaust turbochargers by way of separate ducts and lines.

4-Cycle engine

Abstract: A 4-cycle engine including a crankshaft connected to a piston and supported at opposite ends by a crankcase for rotation. The crankshaft is formed at one of its two output shaft sections with a groove extending peripherally along the outer peripheral surface of one output shaft section substantially in the form of a endless loop having a cross point. A plurality of followers engaged in the groove have their movements transmitted, through respective linkages, to an exhaust valve and a suction valve respectively. A governor device is located at the other output shaft section and operative to actuate an engine rpm. controller depending on the speed of rotation of the crankshaft.

Exhaust gas recirculation system for crankcase scavenged two cycle engine

Abstract: A two cycle crankcase scavenged internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas recirculation system. Exhaust gas from the coolest part of the exhaust muffler is recirculated back to the crankcase in a controlled discrete charge on each cycle of the engine. A recirculation port extends through the cylinder sidewall and is opened briefly during the compression stroke of the piston to thereby enhance vaporization of the fuel and increase velocity of the scavenging air-fuel mixture into the combustion chamber.

Internal combustion engine, especially reciprocating piston internal combustion engine, with compression space adjustable in operation

Abstract: For an internal combustion engine, especially a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine 1 with compression space 10 adjustable in operation by means of a device 13, it is proposed that the device 13 be a wall section of a shape memory alloy, which, owing to its temperature-dependent deformation, automatically adjusts the compression space 10. For reversible deformation of the wall section 13 a reversing temperature is selected through the composition of the alloy in such a way that at low temperature when the internal combustion engine is at partial load a high compression ratio is set and at high temperature at full load a low compression ratio corresponding to the deformation. With the wall section 13 arranged opposite a recess 12 in the head 11 of a piston 9, both load-dependent, automatic control of the compression ratio and load-dependent, automatic adjustment of the combustion space geometry are achieved as a result of which an overall improvement of the engine efficiency and a reduction of the fuel consumption at partial load are obtained.

Power generation apparatus for use with an internal combustion engine

Abstract: A turbine impeller (9) and a compressor impeller (8) of a supercharger (1) are located in an exhaust path and an inlet path, respectively, of an internal combustion engine (20i. An electrical rotary machine (MGi is formed on a rotary shaft (7) connecting the impellers. A control unit (21) determines the loading state of the engine at all times, based on engine rpm (27) and the amount (26) of fuel supplied to the engine. If the engine is overloaded, the electrical rotary machine is made to operate as a motor to assist in the supercharging of the engine. If the engine load is not excessive, the rotary machine is made to operate as a generator to supply surplus electrical energy, derived from the energy in the engine exhaust, to a storage battery (32).

Optimization of multi-valve, four cycle engine design - The benefit of five-valve technology

Abstract: The multi-valve four stroke cycle engine design trend is toward increased engine power and higher fuel efficiency. While a four-valve system is the most common direction, problems occur when the valve area is widened by increasing the cylinder bore for a higher engine output. The layout for four larger valves causes the combustion chamber shape to flatten and the combustion time period to increase. In pursuit of the optimum multi-valve engine we have studied four, five, six and seven-valve per cylinder design. Performance targets and design constraints led toward the successful five-valve engine technology. This technology develops high engine torque and efficient combustion over a wide range of engine speeds.

Piston, particularly for internal combustion engines

Abstract: A piston, particularly for internal combustion engines, of which the bearing surfaces with which the piston comes into contact with the engine cylinder bore lie on a generated surface which runs asymmetrically to the axis of an engine cylinder accommodating the piston without clearance in the longitudinal direction of the piston and/or in the circumferential direction.

Four-stroke engine

Abstract: The four-stroke engine comprises a cylinder block with at least one cylinder, provided with valves, in which cylinder the piston, fitted with at least one piston ring, is arranged, capable of moving up and down and connected to the crankshaft drive. In order to take present attitudes towards fuel saving and environmental pollution into account in the engine itself, without having to abandon the existing design principle, the engine is designed in such a way that the piston (1) is formed from pressed graphite in the form of heat-hardened carbon or electrographite with a bending strength in the order of at least 75 N/mm and its head (2) heat-treated to prevent burn-off, at least on the exposed working surface (2'). At the same time at least the sliding surface (3) of the cylinder (4) is formed from the same material, but with running surfaces heat-treated, or a similar material such as siliconised carbon, silicon carbide, silicon nitrite or the like with approximately the same thermal expansion behaviour as that of the piston (1). The same goes for the piston ring (5) which, moreover, with regard to its elasticity is endowed with the necessary elasticity either by design or by the choice of sufficiently elastic material. Finally the bores (12) on the piston (1) for the piston pin (13) are designed with a play in relation to the outside diameter of the piston pin (13) in such way that there is minimal play at operating temperature.

Four stroke reciprocating piston internal combustion engine

Abstract: The four stroke reciprocating piston internal combustion engine has at least one piston (16) having piston rings and sliding in a cylinder (14), which piston opposite a cylinder head (12) having inlet and exhaust valves defines a working chamber (20) of variable volume. In order to achieve favourable exhaust values whilst avoiding expensive catalytic converter devices, it is proposed that means be provided on the wall (15) of the cylinder (14) which, when the piston (16) is in a position close to the bottom dead centre, connect the working chamber (20) to an exhaust gas collecting chamber (22, 6) for the removal of a proportion of the combustion exhaust gases. In addition it is proposed that means be provided for recirculation of the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas collecting chamber into the working chamber of the internal combustion engine.

Control device for controlling the operation of a supercharger in an internal combustion engine

Abstract: A control device for controlling the operation of a mechanically driven supercharger in an internal combustion engine. The device comprises a first sensor means for detecting the temperature of the engine, a second sensor means for detecting racing of the engine, and a control means for causing an electromagnetic clutch arranged between the crankshaft and the supercharger to be disengaged when the temperature is below a predetermined value and the engine is racing.

Rotary piston internal combustion engine

Abstract: The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine, working on the principle of the rotary piston drive, with hydrodynamic charging control. The engine is characterised by four pistons running in the same direction of rotation, which have a working chamber, which is divided into a combustion chamber, into a compression chamber and a precompression chamber with over-pressure lock and over-pressure duct. The said structuring of the working chamber results in charging unrelated to the speed. The advantages lie in improved fuel combustion, an increased thermodynamic efficiency and a low exhaust noise level. Other advantages of the rotary piston internal combustion engine are favourable rotational force behaviour due to four working strokes within one revolution and no free inertial forces.

Internal combustion reciprocating engine with cylinders in series four stroke

Abstract: The cylinders of the internal combustion engine are arranged in series, and each cylinder carries out two strokes in a working cycle.