Showing papers on "Gas metal arc welding published in 1972"

Process and apparatus for triple-electrode mig welding using short-circuit and spray-arc deposition

Abstract: A triple-electrode MIG welding process for the butt welding of I-grooves in flat position which comprises arranging three electrodes at the apices of a triangle, two of the electrodes preceding with a short-arc characteristic and one following said two with a spray-arc characteristic, and causing the two preceding electrodes to weld the groove walls by fillet welding while causing the following one electrode to weld and fill up the space between the beads formed by fillet welding, so that one weld layer is formed by three passes.

Self-shielding cored wire to weld cast iron

Abstract: A cored wire welding electrode for welding cast iron having an outer sheath made of nickel or a nickel-iron alloy and a powdered core composition containing copresent metallic magnesium and graphite and slag-forming and alloying ingredients. The electrode is particularly useful for open-arc welding of cast iron to itself and to compatible metals.

Manufacture of electrical metallic tubing

Abstract: Electrical metallic tubing is manufactured from galvanized steel strip by forming the strip into tubular shape, welding the edges together and replacing the zinc lost in welding by gas or arc metallizing the weld zone first with aluminum and then with zinc.

Method for electrical arc welding

Abstract: A method of electrical arc welding which may be effected in various welding positions by the use of at least one electrode of substantially rectangular cross section, the electrode tip of which is square-edged or shaped to fit with the shape of a groove formed between workpieces to be welded, the electrode being disposed in such a way as to render the widthwise direction thereof oriented substantially at right angles to the weld line along which a weld is to be formed. Also disclosed is an apparatus for electrical arc welding which is capable of performing the concurrently proposed arc welding method.

Arc welding coated electrode

Abstract: A multi-coated stick electrode having an inner layer surrounding a metal core wire and containing a majority of the arc stabilizers in said electrode. The outer layers contain a majority of the metal powder.

Welding material for super low temperature steels

Abstract: This invention provides a welding material for super low temperature steels which comprises not more than 0.2% carbon, 5 - 12% manganese, not more than 30% chromium, 4 - 8% niobium, 22% iron and not more than 1.5% silicon, the balance being substantially nickel, and which can give excellent strength and impact value to the weld zone. In one embodiment, the welding material is an integral body composed of a metal-forming material and a flux of lime or lime-titania in which the metal forming components are within the above range.

Lead battery welding method and apparatus

Abstract: A welding method for fusing lead components together in a lead-containing electrochemical cell is disclosed together with apparatus for carrying out the method. The method includes forming an ingot-like mold around the lead components to be welded, the walls of the mold being comprised of a material having a high softening point, good thermal conductivity and arc-erosion resistance. Arc welding of the components utilizing an inert-gas-shield nonconsumable electrode, e.g. tungsten, is accomplished by passing the electrode over a weldable surface formed by the lead components in an oscillating path at a controlled speed and welding current to permit the lead components to melt and flow into the ingot-like mold while simultaneously controlling heat transfer through the adjacent mold walls. The resultant weld is of low internal impedance and is relatively thick for increased oxidation and corrosion resistance during operation of the battery.

Method for heating corrosive gases with arc heater

Abstract: Corrosive gases, such as air, oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, are heated in an electric arc gas heater by passing the gas to be heated through the arc heater and in contact with an electric arc established between the cathode and anode electrodes thereof. At least one electrode contains less than about 0.0005 volume percent of voids of at least 0.019 inch in any dimension in the area of the electrode eroded by arc operation. Ultrasonic testing is used to determine the void content of the electrodes.

Method and apparatus for controlling arc in gas shield arc welding

Abstract: In a gas shield arc welding, a stream of a control gas is blown against the end of an electrode generating arc to deflect the arc in the direction of the control gas jet stream. An arc-generating position of a joint to be welded is controlled by changing the momentum and/or direction of the control gas jet stream.

Gas shielded core wire electrode

Abstract: A core wire electrode for use with a shielding gas, particularly in out-of-position welding, said electrode having a core material containing magnesium and/or magnesium aluminum alloys

Electroslag welding method

Abstract: An electroslag welding method utilizing, as its heat source, the resistance heat created in a molten slag during passage of current therethrough, in which a consumable guide is disposed in an opening that is, the groove defined by parent metals for guiding a welding electrode and fixed relatively centrally of groove by means of solid pieces of a flux so as to preclude electric shorting occurring between guide and the groove faces of said parent metals, and then a welding electrode in the form of a ribbon is fed through said consumable guide from a reel of said welding electrode.

Magnetic control of gas tungsten-arc welding process

Abstract: The possibility of increasing the welding speed in the gas tungsten-arc welding process by using external magnetic fields was investigated. The effects of a constant, transverse magnetic field applied to the arc were studied. Nine percent nickel steel and aluminum alloys types 2021, 6061 and 5454 were the materials used for this investigation. Type 4043 aluminum was used as a filler wire for aluminum and Inconel 625 for the 9% Ni steel weld specimens. Most of the welds were made without the addition of filler metal. All the weld specimens were of bead on plate type. By applying transverse magnetic fields, the maximum welding speed at which undercut-free welds could be obtained was increased considerably. The 9% Ni steel responded exceptionally well to the applied magnetic fields. The magnetic field strength required to produce a satisfactory bead appearance varied with current and travel speed. The arc deflection is consistent with the motor rule. It is suggested that the electromagnetic pumping action of the interacting self and applied magnetic fields produces an improvement in bead appearance.

Electrode voltage in the consumable-electrode arc system

Abstract: In a consumable-electrode arc system the variable portion of the wire electrode between the current pick-up point and the electrode-arc interface (the `electrode stickout') forms an important resistive part of the arc circuit. An approximate relation for the voltage fall along the stickout is calculated in terms of the arc current, the electrode feed speed and the stickout length, on the assumption that the electrode resistivity varies linearly with temperature. Some numerical illustrations are given for stainless steel wire electrodes.

Method of underwater welding

Abstract: Flux-coated electrodes pressure equalized to an underwater welding depth in contact with a fluid other than water before the electrodes are contacted with water at the welding site are used in wet welding.

Stability of a gas-liquid interface and its relation to weld pool stability

Abstract: In the present work the results of a theoretical analysis of the interfacial stability of a gas jet impinging on a free liquid surface are used to study the stability of weld pools. Use of experimental observations on the plasma flow inside high-current arcs allows a critical arc current, for which the weld pool becomes unstable, to be calculated. This critical current depends upon the surface tension between molten metal and arc gas, the geometry of the cathode, and the difference in density between molten metal and arc gas. Observations on tungsten-inert-gas welding support the theory.

Method of intermittent arc welding using potassium and magnesium electrode additives

Abstract: A consumable electrode arc welding process which can be used for welding in the horizontal, vertical or overhead positions which comprises applying a pulsating current to a welding electrode so that at recurring intervals a welding arc is periodically established and extinguished wherein the period of time in which the arc is extinguished ranges from 0.001 to 0.01 seconds. the arc is established for a first interval of between 0.001 to 0.01 seconds and wherein the ratio of the interval during which the arc is extinguished to the full cycle is 0.1 to 0.7. A consumable electrode useful in a consumable electrode arc welding process which comprises a mixture of potassium and magnesium or an alloy thereof wherein the quantity of potassium multiplied by the square of the quantity of magnesium exceeds 0.02. A consumable electrode arc welding apparatus comprising a welding current control circuit, a first circuit having at least one semiconductor controlled rectifying element connected in series with a welding electrode for enabling a welding current to be applied thereto, and a second circuit for controlling the gate of said element for effecting phase control such that when said welding current is applied to said electrode, it is of the pulsing type.

Diffusion welding of beryllium. part i. basic studies.

Abstract: In this, the first of a two part series, the author discusses studies carried out under Air Force contract F33615-69-C-1622 to develop a diffusion welding process that would yield lap joints w i th usable properties at temperatures up to 800 F. This study was concerned wi th the development of basic welding parameters including the t ime-temperaturepressure-deformation relat ionships and the welding of sheet and plate of varying oxide contents. This study demonstrated that the weldabil i ty of beryll ium is influenced by the BeO content and thickness, and that for each of these combinations of parts being welded there was a minimum amount of deformation required to cause welding. Welding conditions of 3 hr at 1500 psi pressure at 1400 to 1500 F produced welds which had shear strengths exceeding 90% of the base metal shear strength at both room temperature and 800 F. In the second part of this series, the author discusses the role of the microalloying elements on the welding process along w i th their influence on the strength and ductil ity of beryll ium sheet. T. J. BOSWORTH is with the Aerospace Group, The Boeing Company, Seattle, Washington. Partially based on unpublished paper presented by T. J. Bosworth and D. Hauser, Battelle Memorial Institute, at the AWS National Fall Meeting held in Baltimore, Md., during Oct. 6-9, 1969. In t roduct ion The development of a beryll ium joining process that would yield joints having mechanical properties approaching those of the base metal has been the goal of many researchers for a number of years. Whi le fusion joining is possible by either gas tungsten-arc welding (GTAW) or electron beam welding (EBW), the properties of the joint are, at best, marginal. The major difficulty is that, once the beryll ium has been melted, the fine grain structure of the base metal is destroyed and replaced by a britt le coarse grain cast structure. Because the properties of fusion welds have been unsatisfactory, brazing, braze welding, mechanica l fastening, and adhesive bonding are found to be the most common joining methods used; yet each method has its l imitations in terms of either weight, versatility, mechanical properties, quality, or usable temperature range. Diffusion welding is a most promising method for joining beryll ium. It offers potential advantages over each of the above joining methods, including joint strengths nearly equal to that of the base metal even at elevated temperatures. Fusion joining of beryll ium has been unsatisfactory because of low joint strength and lack of ductility; brazing and adhesive bonding produce temperature l imited joints, and mechanical fastening is costly and increases weight. Wi th diffusion welding, distort ion is minimized, and close dimensional control is possible. Addit ional potential advantages of using diffusion welding of beryllium for structural applications are: 1. Smooth, aerodynamic surfaces can be obtained. 2. Weight reductions are possible by avoiding large over laps or reinforcements in the joint area. 3. Local reinforcements or attachments can be diffusion welded rather than machined or chemically mil led. In 1969, the Air Force Materials Laboratory sponsored two programs simultaneously at The Boeing Company and Battelle Memorial Institute to develop procedures for diffusion welding beryll ium that would yield welds having strengths in excess of 90% of the base metal over the temperature range of 70 to 800 F. Factors to be included in the investigation were the BeO content and material thickness. These studies were concerned w i th determining the minimum time at t empera tu re , amount of deformation and the permissible welding temperature range. Whi le the program discussed herein was concerned wi th the production of lap joints and the shear strength of welds, the program at Battelle provided the base metal data for both programs and developed procedures for producing butt joints by diffusion welding and the tensile properties of the resultant welds. The data generated during these programs demonstrate the feasibility of diffusion welding beryll ium using procedures that could be adapted to production practices. W E L D I N G R E S E A R C H S U P P L E M E N T ! 579 -s Table 1—Identification, Certified Chemical Analyses, and Certified Mechanical Properties of Beryllium Sheet and Plate

Device for the manufacture of welded steel pipe from steel of any grade

Abstract: A device for welding of soft steel pipe by resistance welding and of high-alloyed steel pipe by arc welding. It consists of two ways, one for each type of welding, which are synchronized to the machines for the preparation of the steel band and its shaping into a split tube. Because arc welding proceeds at considerably lower speed than resistance welding, a plurality of welders are provided together with means for assigning each split pipe length to one such arc welder. The combination of two different welding ways enables manufacture of seamed pipe from any grade of steel, a reduction of bulged-out end waste, perfect deburring of the seam and savings in time when changing dimensions, using high-alloyed steel.

Method of tungsten inert gas welding electronic components and burning away contaminants

Abstract: A method and apparatus wherein linear metallic elements such as copper wire leads are welded to workpieces, such as terminal lugs of electrical and electronic components. An electric arc welding method is used to produce an electrical or electronic component with copper wire leads rigidly and reliably attached, without requiring prior cleaning of the terminal lugs of the component. In the welding step a surplus of heat energy greater than that necessary to melt and coalesce the weld material is applied to the welding zone in order to burn away contaminents at the area to be welded.

Arrangement for guiding of wire electrodes for a burner for metal coating by means of an electric arc

Abstract: A burner for metal coating by means of an electric arc in which the fusible arc electrodes rest against a stable support, against which they are pressed by first spring loaded chucks. Second spring loaded chucks act on the fusible arc electrodes close to the arc. In case of irregularities of the arc electrodes, maintain thus the arc at a constant place even if the arc electrodes are bent or of irregular thickness.

Electrode for arc welding

Abstract: An electrode for arc welding, comprising a core based on iron with alloying additives of chromium, nickel and titanium, and a coating consisting of fluorite, rutile concentrate, iron powder, chromium and mica. In addition to the above components, said coating also contains magnesite, ferrotitanium and ferroniobium that ensure high plasticity and resilience to the deposited metal, the latter thus being resistant to the formation of pores and hot cracks.

Gas Metal Arc Welding of 9% Nickel Steel Using Ferritic Filler Metal Used for Building LNG Transport Tanker

Abstract: An investigation has been carried out to realize commercial application of welding of 9% Ni steel using ferritic filler metal having chemical composition similar to that of base steel, which was developed by the authors.The weldments having excellent notch impact properties and superior strength were obtained by gas metal arc welding.And the brittle fracture initiation characteristics before general yielding of the weldment was surveyed both experimentally by three kinds of the large scale type tests such as Welded Wide Plate Tension Tests, W-I Type Notched and Welded Wide Plate Tension Test and Deep Notch Test and theoretically based on the fracture mechanics.The safety to brittle fracture before general yielding was confirmed especially at LNG temperature.

Electroslag and electrogas welding

Abstract: These two new joining methods perform welding in the vertical position, and therein lies the secret of their impressive advantages in material handling, in weld preparation, in welding speed, in freedom from distortion, and in weld soundness. Once the work has been set in the proper vertical position for welding, no further plate handling is required. The molten filler metal is held in place by copper shoes or dams, and the weld is completed in one pass.

Fixed-dam, vertical-up, open-arc welding

Abstract: A method of vertical-up welding using fixed dams to hold the molten metal in position until hardened wherein the electrode is fed to the weld pool through an electrically energized consumable nozzle positioned in the well formed by the dams and the edges to be welded. The electrode is of the cored type containing the arc shielding and slagging materials on the inside. The amount of slagging material is so limited as to insure an open arc. The arc current, the arc voltage, the electrode diameter and the spacing between the edges to be welded are all so interrelated that the total heat input to the weld is between 300,000 and 650,000 Joules per linear inch of weld per inch of plate thickness for the smaller plate thicknesses and a fixed electrode and up to 750,000 Joules for thicker plate thicknesses and an oscillating electrode. Very high lineal weld speeds result with sound weld beads.

One-side welding process

Abstract: A single-side welding process is facilitated by the use of a flux material which is held against the back of the workpieces to be joined by a copper backing strip. At least 40 percent by weight of the flux is in particulate form having a particle size of less than 840 Mu . The flux also contains a binder material which is fusible under the influence of the arc heat.

軟鋼サブマージアーク熔接部のビード形状・溶込み・凝固組織におよぼす磁気攪拌の影響

Abstract: It is well known that the effect of longitudinal magnetic field on weld zone causes a turning of arc column and a turbulance of mloten pool. That is to say, magnetic stirring is generated. The influence of the magnetic stirring on the weld zone in the case of TIG or MIG welding has already been reported. According to the reports number of blowholes decreases, and reduction of grain to small size and improvement of welding speed can be expected. But the result in the case of Submerged-arc Welding has not been reported yet. This report investigates the influence of magnetic stirrig on the weld zone by Submerged-arc Welder with magnetic equipment. The results obtained from these studies are as follows:1) The bead becomes wider up to a certain strength of magnetic field, but it becomes narrower again when the magnetic field strength exceeds a certain limit.2) The depth of penetration also shows the same tendency as the bead width. It becomes shallower up to a certain limit.3) The heihgt of reinforcement increases in proportion to the degree of magnetic field strenght.4) The average sectional area of bead does not change so much.5) Magnetic stirring minimizes the primary crystals of weld metal. But their minimization has a certain limit. It cannot be minimized beyond the limit.

Practical method for diffusion welding of steel plate in air.

Abstract: Development of method of diffusion welding steel butt joints in air without vacuum furnace or hot press

Method of forge type welding

Abstract: An improved method of forge type welding ferrous materials which includes interposing a layer of refractory material having a melting point greater than about 1,650° C. and an electrical resistivity less than about 10,000 microohm-cm., at the faying plane of a joint, i.e., between the surfaces of ferrous material to be welded, and simultaneously applying pressure and an electric current normal thereto to effect the welding. 4 Claims, No Drawings