Showing papers on "Genomics published in 1993"

Essentials of Genetics

Abstract: 1 Introduction to Genetics 2 Mitosis and Meiosis 3 Mendelian Genetics 4 Modifications of Mendelian Ratios 5 Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes 6 Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement 7 Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes 8 Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Phage 9 DNA Structure and Analysis 10 DNA Replication and Recombination 11 Chromosome Structure and DNA Sequence Organization 12 The Genetic Code and Transcription 13 Translation and Proteins 14 Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposable 15 Regulation of Genetic Expression 16 Cancer and the Regulation of the Cell Cycle 17 Recombinant DNA Technology and Gene Cloning 18 Genomics and Proteomics 19 Applications and Ethics of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 20 Developmental Genetics 21 Genetics and Behavior 22 Quantitative Genetics 23 Population and Evolutionary Genetics 24 Conservation Genetics Glossary / Answers to Selected Problems and Discussion Questions WSK Chapters 2-13, 21, 24, Essays (with CS) MRC Chapters 1, 17-18, 20, 22-23, Glossary CS Chapters 14-16, 19, Essays (with WSK)

Comparative Genetic Linkage Mapping in Insects

Abstract: Genomics is the study of the structure and organization of entire genomes. The recent coinage of this term (46) reflects the comparative youth of this emerging field. The nuclear genome of eukaryotic organisms is the collection of all DNA sequ ences in the nucleus that are transmitted through cell lineages by the orthodox processes of mitosis and meiosis. Eukaryotic genomes are organized into discrete units, the chromosomes , whose uniqueness is defined by their DNA base sequences . The genome includes sequences specifying information for chromosome replication, maintenance, packaging, and trans­ mission; other sequences that with their coding and control regions represent expressed genes; still other sequence families often regarded as parasitic because of methods of duplication, transposition, and recombination that allow nonorthodox methods of transmission; and many other sequences of unknown function and significance. Comparative genomics examines properties of genomes from different species. It represents an extension of the classical tradition of the comparative approach in evolutionary biology to questions of genome structure and function. One property of genomes is their complexity spectrum, which describes the distribution of DNA sequences into different copy number classes (single copy, moderately repeated, or highly repeated). A related

An object model for genome information at all levels of resolution

Abstract: An object model for genome data at all levels of resolution is described. The model was derived by considering the requirements for representing genome related objects in three application domains: genome maps, large-scale DNA sequencing, and exploring functional information in gene and protein sequences. The methodology used for the object-oriented analysis is also described. >

Direct sequencing of the human protamine P1 gene and application in forensic medicine.

Abstract: Protamines are among the most variable nuclear proteins known in eukaryotes. In order to learn more about their evolution and function in humans and to explore the possibility of potential applications in forensic medicine we have developed a rapid method to amplify and directly sequence the protamine P1 gene simultaneously in many different samples. The method takes only 3.5 h from genomic DNA to the sequencing reactions. Despite the high variability of these genes only one polymorphic site was detected at the coding region level in different individuals. This polymorphic variation does not create a change in the amino-acid sequence of the protamine. Because all the protamine genes sequenced from different species are markedly different among them as well as to the human sequence, amplification and direct sequencing of this gene can be used to unequivocally identify the human or animal origin of biological specimens. Furthermore, the single polymorphic site detected in the human P1 gene could be useful in conjunction with other markers in identification studies in humans.

Comparison of nucleic acids from microorganisms: sequencing approaches.

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of existing nucleic acid sequencing approaches and indicates areas of rapid technical development. Current practitioners of nucleic acid sequencing are divided into two camps: the old and the new. Newer technology is primarily concerned with automation and increased throughput. The demands and resources available to large sequencing projects, most notably bacterial and eukaryotic genome projects, have fostered automation. Most sequences are determined in the study of the biology of well-circumscribed biochemical or genetic systems (eukaryotic or prokaryotic), the question of what or which molecule(s) to analyze is generally not an issue. However, in addition to the selection of an appropriate biopolymer, the choice of sequencing method may be less straightforward in more strictly comparative studies. Here, the need for rapid sequence determination, issues of fidelity of technique, or modification of DNA sequence associated with posttranscriptional processing events may be primary considerations in deciding sequencing strategy.

Human Cellular Protein Patterns and Their Link to Genome DNA Mapping and Sequencing Data: Towards an Integrated Approach to the Study of Gene Expression

Abstract: The haploid human genome consists of 3 × 109 base pairs of DNA distributed in 23 distinct chromosomes. Current estimates indicate that there are about 50,000 to 100,000 genes with perhaps 2,000 to 4,000 genes in each chromosome (Figure 1) (1). Fortunately, only a fraction of the total number of genes is expressed in a distinct cell type at any given time, with perhaps no more than 5,000 different expressed proteins together with their modified variants per cell. Of these, about 70 to 80% may represent household proteins that are shared by all cell types and that are expressed in variable amounts. Assuming that there are at least 250 different cell types in the adult human body (2), each differing from the rest in about 300 to 400 proteins, one ends up with a total number of Polypeptides that is reasonably close to the putative number of genes.