Showing papers on "Globodera rostochiensis published in 2023"

First Detection of the Potato Cyst Nematode (<i>Globodera rostochiensis</i>) in a Major Potato Production Region of China

Abstract: HomePlant DiseaseVol. 107, No. 1First Detection of the Potato Cyst Nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) in a Major Potato Production Region of China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Detection of the Potato Cyst Nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) in a Major Potato Production Region of ChinaDeliang Peng, Hui Liu, Huan Peng, Ru Jiang, Yun-Qing Li, Xu Wang, Jianjun Ge, Shou-qi Zhao, Xiaodong Feng, and Mingyi FengDeliang Peng†Corresponding author: D. Peng; E-mail Address: pengdeliang@caas.cnhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6759-577XState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Hui LiuThe National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100026, P.R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Huan PengState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Ru JiangState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Yun-Qing LiState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Xu WangState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Jianjun GeInstitute of Plant Quarantine of Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, P.R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Shou-qi ZhaoThe National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100026, P.R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Xiaodong FengThe National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100026, P.R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, and Mingyi FengThe Plant Protection Station of Hezhang, Hezhang 553200, Guizhou Province, P.R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Deliang Peng1 † Hui Liu2 Huan Peng1 Ru Jiang1 Yun-Qing Li1 Xu Wang1 Jianjun Ge3 Shou-qi Zhao2 Xiaodong Feng2 Mingyi Feng4 1State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China 2The National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100026, P.R. China 3Institute of Plant Quarantine of Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, P.R. China 4The Plant Protection Station of Hezhang, Hezhang 553200, Guizhou Province, P.R. China Published Online:24 Oct 2022https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-21-1263-PDNAboutSectionsPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat The potato cyst nematodes (PCN) Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida are important quarantine potato pests (Stone 1973). Both cause serious potato tuber yield losses and are subjected to strict quarantine regulations in many countries (EPPO 2017). G. rostochiensis was detected in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, China, in 2022 (Jiang et al. 2022). A survey for cyst nematodes in potato fields was conducted in Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2020. A total of 200 samples, including roots and soil, were collected from 40 potato fields in Hezhang (27°06.145′ N, 104°39.153′ E) and Weining (26°50.541′ N, 104°09.885′ E) counties in Guizhou Province, China. The Cobb decanting and sieving method was used to isolate cysts and J2s from the soil samples (Southey 1986). The potato roots were stained with acid fusion to observe cyst development. Morphological and molecular analyses indicated that 27 (13.5%) of the samples contained G. rostochiensis. Cyst density was 1 to 85 cysts (mean of 15) per 100 cm3 of soil. The smoothly rounded cysts were brown and golden colored, and the terminal cone was absent and circumfenestrate. The key morphometrics of cysts (n = 20) were 695 ± 26 (685 to 757) μm long excluding neck and 690 ± 30 (668 to 769) μm wide; there were 16.3 ± 2.1 (14 to 18) cuticular ridges between anus and vulval fenestra; fenestral length was 15.1 ± 2.1 (13.18 to 19.27) μm; distance from anus to the edge of fenestra was 61.12 ± 8.9 (49.22 to 76.27) μm; and Granek’s ratio was 4.54 ± 0.8 (3.97 to 5.26). The key morphometrics of J2 (n = 20): 468.0 ± 20.1 (427 to 521) μm in body length, 20.58 ± 0.7 (20.2 to 21.8) μm in stylet length, 43.9 ± 5.6 (40.3 to 53.9) μm in tail length, and 23.1 ± 1.8 (21.77 to 25.32) μm in hyaline region length. Cyst and J2 morphologies were consistent with those of G. rostochiensis (EPPO 2017; Subbotin et al. 2010). Genomic DNA was isolated from 20 cysts. DNA extraction was performed in a volume of 20 μl containing 3 μl of 10× PCR buffer, 3 μl of Proteinase K (600 μg μl−1), 14 μl distilled water, and a single cyst added and ground in an ice bath as described by Ou et al. (2008). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were amplified with the universal primers rDNA1 (5′-TTGATTACGTCCCTGCCCTTT-3′) and rDNA2 (5′-TTTCACTCGCCGTTACTAAGG-3′) (Fleming and Powers 1998), and the 28S rDNA-D2/D3 regions were amplified with the primers D2A (5′-ACAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAGTTG-3′) and D3B (5′-TCGGAAGGAACCAGCTACTA-3′) (Subbotin et al. 2006). After the brackets at the beginning and end of the sequences were closed up, the ITS rDNA sequences (GenBank accession no. MZ042367 and MZ042368) showed 99.66 to 99.92% identity to G. rostochiensis sequences in GenBank (FJ212166.1, GQ294513, FJ212164.1, and KJ409617.1). Sequences from the 28S region (GenBank accession nos. MZ057597 and MZ057598) were 99.23 to 99.74% similar to those of G. rostochiensis isolates from Slovakia (KJ409625.1), Italy (KJ409631.1), and the United Kingdom (KJ409633.1). We used species specific primers ITS5 (5′-GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG-3′) and PITSr3 (5′-AGCGCAGACATGCCGCAA-3′) to amplify the product (Bulman and Marshall 1997; EPPO 2017). A single 434-bp fragment was obtained from Hezhang and Weining populations. A host test for the Hezhang and Weining populations was performed by inoculating 1,000 eggs per plant of varieties Qingshu 9, Huize 2, and Hezuo 88 grown in pots with 800 cm3 of sterilized soil (soil/sand ratio of 3:1), and four replications were tested in a greenhouse under 16 h light, 22°C in the day and 8 h dark in the night. At 90 days post inoculation, 32.6 ± 7, 31.2 ± 8, and 29.5 ± 8 females and cysts were extracted from the infected roots and soils of Qingshu 9, Huize 2, and Hezuo 88, respectively. No females or cysts were observed on control plants. Thus, Qingshu 9, Huize 2, and Hezuo 88 are hosts for the Hezhang and Weining populations of G. rostochiensis. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of potato cyst nematode G. rostochiensis in Guizhou Province, China.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Bulman, S., and Marshall, J. 1997. N. Z. J. Crop Horti. Sci. 25:123. https://doi.org/10.1080/01140671.1997.9513998 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarEPPO. 2017. EPPO Bull. 47:174. https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12391 Crossref, Google ScholarFleming, C. C., and Powers, T. O. 1998. Page 91 in: Potato Cyst Nematodes, Biology, Distribution and Control. CAB International, Wallingford, U.K. Google ScholarJiang, R., et al. 2022. J. Integr. Agric. 21:898. Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarOu, S. Q., et al. 2008. Nematology 10:397. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854108783900212 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarSouthey, J. F. 1986. Page 12 in: Laboratory Methods for Work with Plant and Soil Nematodes (Reference Book 402), 6th ed. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London. Google ScholarStone, A. R. 1973. CIH Descriptions of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes, Set 2, No. 17. Commonwealth Institute of Helminthology, St Albans, U.K. Google ScholarSubbotin, S. A., et al. 2006. Nematology 8:455. Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarSubbotin, S. A., et al. 2010. Page 113 in: Systematics of Cyst Nematodes (Nematoda: Heteroderinae) Part A, Vol. 8. Brill, Leiden, the Netherlands. Google ScholarFunding: This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072398), the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFD1400100), and Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ASTIP-02-IPP-04).The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 107, No. 1 January 2023SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Download Metrics Article History Issue Date: 1 Feb 2023Published: 24 Oct 2022First Look: 3 Jun 2022Accepted: 1 Jun 2022 Page: 233 Information© 2022 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaGrant/Award Number: 32072398National Key R&D Program of ChinaGrant/Award Number: 2021YFD1400104Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesGrant/Award Number: ASTIP-02-IPP-04KeywordsChinaGlobodera rostochiensisGuizhou Provincepotato cyst nematodeThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF downloadCited byRapid Diagnosis and Visual Detection of Potato Cyst Nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) Using Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Combination with Lateral Flow Assay Method (RPA-LFA)20 October 2022 | Agronomy, Vol. 12, No. 10Association of Globodera rostochiensis (Nematoda) with stunted and chlorotic potato plants in Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces in ChinaRu Jiang, Yunqing Li, Liqiang Huang, Shiming Liu, Hui Liu, Xiaodong Feng, Haibo Long, Xianqi Hu, Jian Jun Ge, Yong Bian, Xingyue Li, Baolin Shao, Wenkun Huang, Ling-an Kong, Chong Xu, Deliang Peng, and Huan Peng12 September 2022 | Plant Disease, Vol. 0, No. ja

An eggshell-localised annexin plays a key role in the coordination of the life cycle of a plant-parasitic nematode with its host

Abstract: Host-specific plant pathogens must coordinate their life cycles with the availability of a host plant. Although this is frequently achieved through a response to specific chemical cues derived from the host plant, little is known about the molecular basis of the response to such cues and how these are used to trigger activation of the life cycle. In host-specific plant-parasitic cyst nematodes, unhatched juvenile nematodes lie dormant in the eggshell until chemical cues from a suitable host plant are detected and the hatching process is initiated. The molecular mechanisms by which hatch is linked to the presence of these chemical cues is unknown. We have identified a novel annexin-like protein that is localised to the eggshell of the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis. This annexin is unique in having a short peptide insertion that structural modelling predicts is present in one of the calcium-binding sites of this protein. Host-induced gene silencing of the annexin impacts the ability of the nematode to regulate and control permeability of the eggshell. We show that in the presence of the chemicals that induce hatching annexin lipid binding capabilities change, providing the first molecular link between a nematode eggshell protein and host-derived cues. This work demonstrates how a protein from a large family has been recruited to play a critical role in the perception of the presence of a host and provides a new potential route for control of cyst nematodes that impact global food production

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Detection and Prediction of Damage Caused by Potato Cyst Nematode G. pallida on Selected Potato Cultivars

Abstract: High population densities of the potato cyst nematodes (PCN) Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis cause substantial yield losses to potato production (Solanum tuberosum) due to the delay caused to tuber formation by the retardation of plant growth. It requires meticulous estimation of the population densities by using soil sampling and applying the right combination of nematode management to deal with the PCN problem. This study aims to assess the use of an unmanned vehicle (UAV) in detecting and estimating the effect of ranges of densities of a PCN, G. pallida, on four cultivated potato cultivars with resistance to PCN in a naturally infested potato field in The Netherlands. First, the initial population density (Pi) of G. pallida was estimated by using an intensive sampling method of collecting about 1.5 kg of soil per m2 from the center of each 3 × 5 m plot. At harvest, the fresh tuber yield of the potato cultivars (Avarna, Fontane, Sarion, and Serresta) were assessed. The Seinhorst yield loss model was used to investigate the relationship between Pi and fresh tuber yield. Secondly, the spatial data of UAV with optical and thermal sensors were analyzed to find any relationship between Pi and UAV indices. By using the classical yield loss model, all four cultivars were found to be affected by Pi with a relative minimum fresh tuber yield m, which ranged from 0.26 to 0.40. The maximum fresh tuber yield varied from 49.48 to 80.36 tons (ha)−1. The density at which the fresh tuber yield started to deteriorate was in the range of 0.62–2.16 eggs (g dry soil)−1. A regression was observed between Pi, and all UAV indices in a similar pattern to that of the fresh tuber yield by using the Seinhorst yield loss model, except for the cultivar Avarna for the two UAV indices (NDRE and NDVI). Unlike the tolerance limit, the relative minimum values of the UAV indices—except the chlorophyll index—differ when compared among each other and when compared with that of the fresh tuber yield within the same cultivar. This indicates that all indices can be useful for detection and decision making for statutory purposes but not for estimating damage (except the chlorophyll index).

Diversity of Fungi Isolated from Potato Nematode Cysts in Guizhou Province, China

Abstract: Potatoes rank third in terms of human consumption after rice and wheat. Globodera spp. are significant pests of potato crop worldwide. Globodera rostochiensis was found in Weining County, Guizhou Province, China, in 2019. We collected soil from the rhizosphere zone from infected potato plants and separated mature cysts through simple floatation and sieving methods. The selected cysts were surface-sterilized, and the colonized fungi were isolated and purified. At the same time, the preliminary identification of fungi and fungi parasites on the cysts of nematodes was carried out. This study aimed to define the species and frequency of fungi-colonizing cysts of G. rostochiensis collected from Weining County, Guizhou Province, China, and provide a basis for the control of G. rostochiensis. As a result, 139 strains of colonized fungi were successfully isolated. Multigene analyses showed that these isolates included 11 orders, 17 families, and 23 genera. The genera Fusarium (with a separation frequency of 59%), Penicillium (11%), Edenia (3.6%), and Paraphaeosphaeria (3.6%) were the most frequently occurring. Among the 44 strains, 27 had a colonization rate of 100% on the cysts of G. rostochiensis. Meanwhile, the functional annotation of 23 genera indicated that some fungi have multitrophic lifestyles combining endophytic, pathogenic, and saprophytic behavior. In conclusion, this study showed the species composition and lifestyle diversity of colonized fungi from G. rostochiensis and demonstrated these isolates as potential sources of biocontrol agents. Colonized fungi were isolated from G. rostochiensis for the first time in China, and the taxonomic diversity of fungi from G. rostochiensis was clarified.

Studies of potato resistance to Globodera rostochiensis revealed novel alleles for 57R marker

Abstract: Globodera rostochiensis resistance has been an important trait in potato (Solanum tuberosum) breeding for decades. Our aim was to complement phenotypic testing with genetic marker analysis. We analysed the results of G. rostochiensis resistance greenhouse testing in 4601 tubers of 2918 breeding clones from 11 years. Applicability of H1 gene markers TG689 and 57R was compared. We implemented the latter with the positive predictive value of 99.1% and negative predictive value of 60.0% into the breeding scheme. The 57R marker alleles of 22 Estonian cultivars and 470 breeding clones were determined. Two unique 57R alleles, 57R-887 and 57R-1155, were found in Estonian cultivar ‘Anti’. The 887 bp allele has two deletions (14 bp and 490 bp) accompanied by several other indels and SNPs within the 57R marker region. The 1155 bp allele has three deletions (7 bp, 20 bp and 210 bp) accompanied by several other indels and SNPs within the same region. Partial resistance to G. rostochiensis in ‘Anti’ suggests that the newly described alleles could affect the H1-mediated resistance directly or indirectly.

Analysis of Ukrainian potato breeding lines using the DNA marker for the H1 potato cyst nematode gene

Abstract: Goal. Molecular identification of carriers of the H1 gene among potato varieties of the Polish research department of the Institute of Potatoes of the National Academy of Sciences (IC) and comparison of these data with the results of the biotest analysis for resistance to Globodera rostochiensis. Methods. The use of molecular markers that indicate the detection of the resistance allele in the genomic of the variety. The PCR method was used. The lines were also analyzed by a biotest method. Results. Screening of allele of the molecular marker H1 gene in a selection of 70 cultivar samples showed that 67 (95.7%) samples have the allele associated with resistance, and 3 — the allele for susceptibility. The paper presents the results of the study of the resistance of potato breeding lines of the Ukrainian breeding of 1—2 years of testing, provided by the Polish Research Station. 60 resistant variety samples were established by the biotest method. 10 variety samples were noted, in which the results of analysis by the molecular methods and bioassay did not match. Conclusions. Therefore, a comparison of the bioassay method and molecular studies showed a coincidence of results in 60 (85.7%) resistant breeding lines in the study.

Morphological and molecular characterization, including parasitic and pathogenic studies of a new spherical cyst nematode species, <i>Globodera vulgaris</i> n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), associated with potatoes in China

Abstract: In this study, a new spherical cyst nematode belonging to the genus Globodera, herein described as Globodera vulgaris n. sp., was extracted from the roots and rhizosphere soil of potato and circumjacent weeds belonging to different families in three provinces in southwest China. The new species was characterized by 8–24 ridges between the anus and fenestra and an average Granek’s ratio of 2.8–3.8 in cysts, a head with 3–4 annules and dorsal knob anteriorly projected and ventral knobs round or anteriorly projected in second stage juveniles, and a head with 3–5 annules, spicule short and average length less than 30.0 μm, with a developed velum in males. Pathogenicity tests showed that G. vulgaris n. sp. infected potato but did not damage or affect the potato yield compared to control, and it parasitized tomato with a low reproduction rate (RF < 1) while did not parasitize tobacco (RF = 0). The new species was close to G. rostochiensis based on molecular diagnostic marker sequences and constructed phylogenetic analysis, that is internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA (ITS), large-subunit rDNA (LSU) and small-subunit rDNA (SSU). However, the new species exhibited differences from G. rostochiensis in terms of morphological characteristics, a wide host preference, lack of damage to hosts, and egg hatching rate induced by hatching factors.

Industrial scale composting process as a successful method for inactivation of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera spp. Behrens) and sugar beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schmidt)

Abstract: Abstract Cyst producing nematodes are persistent soil-born organisms causing severe damage to cultivated plants. Persistence of the economically relevant cyst nematode species Globodera pallida, G. rostochiensis and Heterodera schachtii was investigated at different stages during a large-scale industrial composting process to evaluate its efficiency to prevent spread of these nematodes into natural and agricultural habitats. Using reference cyst nematodes incorporated into organic waste from households and the processing industry the effect of anaerobic fermentation as well as aerobic composting processes were investigated. Treated cysts were analysed for viability and reproductive potential by performing hatching tests and bioassays on susceptible host plants. The investigated composting plant showed maximum temperatures between <40 and 72°C at aerobic composting conditions relative to the position of the pile the samples were incorporated. We found no viable juveniles or reproductive potential of Globodera spp. and less than five percent reproduction in H. schachtii. Additionally to temperature conditions, we presume that competition of the microbial community and their released bio-digestants also play a major role in successful treatment of these severe pest organisms.

Association of <i>Globodera rostochiensis</i> (Nematoda) with Stunted and Chlorotic Potato Plants in Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces in China

Abstract: On a global basis, potato cyst nematodes (Globodera spp. Skarbilovich 1959 [Behrens 1975]) are one of the most serious soilborne pathogens in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production. In 2019 to 2020, 188 soil samples were taken from rhizosphere soil associated with the roots of stunted and chlorotic potato plants in the main potato-growing areas of Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces of China. Globodera rostochiensis Wollenweber 1923 (Skarbilovich 1959) was recovered from 112 of the samples. Nematode identification was as confirmed by morphometric, light microscopy, electron microscopy, and molecular methodologies. Population densities of G. rostochiensis ranged from 47.0 to 69.0 eggs/g of soil. A BLASTn homology search program was used to compare the sequences of populations of G. rostrochienses from Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces with populations of other Heteroderinae spp. and populations of G. rostochiensis from other nations. Although potato has been grown in China for at least 400 years and the nation produces more potato than any other country, potato cyst nematodes were not reported in China until 2022.