Showing papers on "Honor published in 1989"

colonialism, nationalism, and colonialized women: the contest in India

Abstract: Colonial texts condemned the treatment of women in India by identifying a scriptural tradition. The nationalist response was to construct a reformed tradition and defend it on the grounds of modernity. In the process, it created the image of a new woman who was superior to Western women, traditional Indian women and low-class women. This new patriarchy invested women with the dubious honor of representing a distinctively modern national culture. [Colonial discourse, nationalism, gender construction, cultural modernity]

Aedes aegypti and Aedes aegypti-borne disease control in the 1990s: top down or bottom up

Abstract: It is a great honor to be asked to present the Charles Franklin Craig Lecture of this Society. I initially accepted this responsibility with some trepidation, and after reviewing the list of previous Craig Lecturers, I became even more nervous about the prospects of addressing you. It is indeed an honor to be added to that list. I would like to express my sincere thanks to those responsible for my selection as the Craig lecturer, including the committee who selected me for this honor, the many collaborators who over the years have made my work much better than it would have otherwise been, and last, but not least, my wife Bobbie whose understanding and tireless support made it all possible. Charles Franklin Craig helped establish the viral etiology of dengue fever in 1907, so it is appropriate that I talk about this disease today.

Puzzles: Love and Spaghetti, the Opportunity Cost of Virtue

Abstract: In honor of St. Valentine's day, we offer a puzzle about love and a puzzle about virtue. Surely these topics are inexhaustible sources of riddles for thoughtful people in all disciplines. Readers are invited to suggest better answers to the puzzles, to pose new puzzles or to offer comments. Please send correspondence to Barry Nalebuff, "Puzzles," Journal of Economic Perspectives, Department of Economics, Princeton University, Princeton, N.J. 08544.

Ethnomusicology and Sociology: A Letter to Charles Seeger

Abstract: As will be clear in what follows, I'm not an ethnomusicologist, although something of a fellow traveler. I did have the good fortune to be introduced to ethnomusicology in a serious way by Klaus Wachsmann, when he was at Northwestern, and through him I came to know Charles Seeger, although not very well. But even that slight acquaintance was enough for me to know what an honor it is to be asked to give this lecture in his memory. For reasons I don't fully understand, but respect, it seemed appropriate to put my remarks in the form of a letter to Charles.

A moral military

Abstract: Preface 1. Introduction The kind of question involved in moral military action Must every order be obeyed? Forbidden weapons? Nuclear weapons? Terrorism? The good soldier Relations between officers and enlisted personnel The moral foundations of soldiering The order of topics The scope and limits of this study 2. Morality: Why Sacrifice Myself? What are moral questions? What is the meaning of duty? The four different theories of morality Universal fairness Social utility Individualism Religious foundations The range and limits of the different moral styles The professional army ethic Choosing among the four moral styles 3. Military Honor and the Laws of Warfare: When Can I Lie to the Enemy? Military education Honor: dual duties Honor and personal risk: hero or coward? Conclusions 4. Hostilities: All Is Not Fair Protecting powers The Hague Rules and some history A declaration of war The nature of law Status of civilians The principle of double effect Hostilities: the general principle The Hague Rules, Article 23 Protected buildings Legitimate and illegitimate strategy 5. Prisoners of War A history of the POW Defining the POW Treatment of POWs Humane treatment Fact vs. fiction 6. Spies Defining a spy Treason Punishment for spying The morality of spying Morality out of uniform Conclusions 7. Non-Hostile Relations with the Enemy Parlementaires Armistices Surrenders Safeguards Military passports, safe-conduct passes, and cartels 8. War Crimes, Remedies, and Retaliation (Dirty Warfare) Defining a war crime Biological experiments Taking hostages: "Surrender, or I'll kill this child!" Remedies and reprisals Punishment for war crimes Terrorism and the concept of war crimes A moral defense for terrorism? 9. The Dirty-Hands Theory of Command Dirty Harry Four styles The so-called moral value of guilt Collective morality A Kantian solution to the problem of dirty hands The principles of publicity The fallacy of many questions 10. Nuclear Devices and Low-Intensity Conflicts Nuclear weapons Low-intensity conflicts, covert actions, and psychological warfare 11. Conclusions The war conventions as a moral code The war conventions as international law Education: military and civilian Military honor: a romantic myth or a serious matter? The need for publicity Enemy morality Summary of themes Appendix A: Are the Hague and Geneva Conventions Obsolete? Appendix B: Topics Not Considered in the Text Appendix C: Text on the Laws of Land Warfare Notes Brief Bibliography Index

Theories of Social Honor

Abstract: The approaches used in studying status systems (or systems of prestige or social honor) can be classified as either materialist or nonmaterialist, and the essential differences between them reflect differences in assumptions about human motivations. It is argued that the materialist approach is untenable. The nonmaterialist approaches also differ among themselves in motivational assumptions, and these differences in turn lead to very different views about the nature of status systems. Three nonmaterialist approaches are analyzed, and it is suggested that one of them is more compelling than the others.

Moving Beyond Fear: Rousseau and Kant on Cosmopolitan Education

Abstract: Recent attention to the role that education can play in averting the danger of war has raised anew the question of the relationship between education and character formation. Contemporary peace educators seem to rely chiefly on enlightened fear. Immanuel Kant's writings offer both a diagnosis of the psychological causes of war and a proposal for dealing with them through a new scheme of education. If the passionate desire for honor is the problem, Kant argues, the moral love of honor--in other words, the attachment to human dignity--is the solution. Education can serve to connect honor and morality. Yet, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, whose Emile arguably inspires much of Kant's moral psychology, suggests that true cosmopolitanism is too rare to be a reasonable political goal. The disagreement between the two turns on whether morality is innate or must be constructed in human beings out of other elements.

Rhetoric — Poetics — Hermeneutics

Abstract: The following study arises from a lecture given in 1970 at the Institut des Hautes Etudes in Belgium in the presence and under the presidency of Professor Perelman. This lecture having never been published, it is an honor to be invited by his friends and disciples to join in the homage to the man who for several decades was the master philosopher of Brussels.

Toward an army of honor: The moral evolution of the french army, 1789-1815

Abstract: As he spoke these words before the Corps Legislatif on the evening of 19 May 1802, Mathieu Dumas urged that body to create a new institution, the Legion of Honor. Dumas believed Virtue and Honor were compatible and that Honor should be achieved through Virtue. His logic, however, disguised the essentially incompatible natures of Virtue and Honor under the rule of Napoleon. In terms of Dumas's rhetorical metaphor, the First Consul constructed his temple to Honor on the ruins of the temple to Virtue. But this edifice was not made of stone; it was composed of men. It was his army. In this article I argue that after 1794, Revolutionary Virtue gave way to Napoleonic Honor as the official, and to a significant degree, real basis of martial motivation. The Revolutionary government expected its soldiers to fight without concern for personal reward and to

Honor, Impotence, and Male Sexuality in Nineteenth-Century French Medicine

Abstract: Historians of sexuality have noted a tendency in nineteenth-century medical discourse to conflate sex, gender, and sexuality and to treat the sexual identity of individuals as biologically or "naturally" determined. ' This "sexual essentialism, " as Jeffrey Weeks has termed it, has helped perpetuate the myth that personal identity is eternally trapped within a binary opposition of male and female difference.2 An important feature of this outlook has been to associate "normal" or healthy sexuality with an ideal male or female type and to label all departures from this type "abnormal" or perverse. In the course of the nineteenth century, doctors and sexologists pronounced upon and shaped sexual norms in much the same way as they influenced public thinking about alcoholics, criminals, and the insane.3 These medical norms were not created wholly out of medical materials however; medical specialists were influenced by their professional, social, or political obligations,