Showing papers on "Honor published in 1998"

Written in Stone: Public Monuments in Changing Societies

Abstract: Is it “Stalinist” for a formerly communist country to tear down a statue of Stalin? Should the Confederate flag be allowed to fly over the South Carolina state capitol? Is it possible for America to honor General Custer and the Sioux Nation, Jefferson Davis and Abraham Lincoln? Indeed, can a liberal, multicultural society memorialize anyone at all, or is it committed to a strict neutrality about the quality of the lives led by its citizens? In Written in Stone , legal scholar Sanford Levinson considers the tangled responses of ever-changing societies to the monuments and commemorations created by past regimes or outmoded cultural and political systems. Drawing on examples from Albania to Zimbabwe, from Moscow to Managua, and paying particular attention to examples throughout the American South, Levinson looks at social and legal arguments regarding the display, construction, modification, and destruction of public monuments. He asks what kinds of claims the past has on the present, particularly if the present is defined in dramatic opposition to its past values. In addition, he addresses the possibilities for responding to the use and abuse of public spaces and explores how a culture might memorialize its historical figures and events in ways that are beneficial to all its members. Written in Stone is a meditation on how national cultures have been or may yet be defined through the deployment of public monuments. It adds a thoughtful and crucial voice into debates surrounding historical accuracy and representation, and will be welcomed by the many readers concerned with such issues.

Feminism and Islam, Legal and Literary Perspectives

Abstract: In an age when Western feminism is continuously undergoing redefinition, the struggles of women in Muslim countries are often overlooked. This volume illustrates how women in Islamic societies have become more actively involved not only in learning their rights under the sharia (Islamic law) but in rereading this law to improve their status and gain increased equality and freedom. Surveying Iran, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Egypt and Arab societies in general, the essays in feminism and Islam focus on such subjects as crimes of honor and the construction of gender in Arab societies; law and the desire for social control; women ad entrepreneurship; family legislation; and the political strategies of feminists in the Islam world.

Honor and shame in the Gospel of Matthew

Abstract: Jerome Neyrey clarifies what praise, honor, and glory meant to Matthew and his audience. He examines the traditional literary forms for bestowing such praise and the conventional grounds for awarding honor and praise in Matthew's world.

The faces of honor : sex, shame, and violence in colonial Latin America

Abstract: Honor was everywhere in Colonial Latin America, and to understand the many ways it had an impact on people's lives is to understand the organizing principles of a society.

Cunt: A Declaration of Independence

Abstract: An ancient title of respect for women, the word "cunt" long ago veered off this noble path. Inga Muscio traces the road from honor to expletive, giving women the motivation and tools to claim "cunt" as a positive and powerful force in their lives. With humor and candor, she shares her own history as she explores the cultural forces that influence women's relationships with their bodies. Sending out a call for every woman to be the Cuntlovin' Ruler of Her Sexual Universe, Muscio stands convention on its head by embracing all things cunt-related.

Meanings of Violence

Abstract: Cultures vary tremendously in how they understand violence. We discuss white southern and northern culture in the United States to illustrate the different meanings cultures ascribe to violence and honor. We argue that (1) Southerners understand the meaning of insults differently than Northerners do. (2) They have behavioral rituals that make allowances for this understanding. And (3) they live within social structures and systems that perpetuate these “culture‐of‐honor” meanings and ideologies. Laboratory experiments, field experiments, surveys, analyses of laws, and records of homicide rates are reviewed. Also, we discuss the legacy of slavery, which legitimized forms of coercive and punitive violence over and above violence legitimized by a culture of honor. Southern violence cannot be understood simply as deviance and lawlessness. Rather, it is a product of a coherent meaning system defining the self, honor, rituals for conflict, and tools that may be used when order is disrupted.

All Stalin's Women: Gender and Power in Soviet Art of the 1930s

Abstract: This article will examine how the representation of gender in Soviet art during the second and third Five-Year Plans articulated relationships of domination in Stalinist society. Using female characters to stand for “the people” as a whole, painting and sculpture drew on conventional gender codes and hierarchy to naturalize the subordination of society to the Stalinist state and legitimate the sacrifice of women's needs to those of industrialization. The prevalence of female protagonists was closely connected with the promotion of the Stalin cult: women modeled the ideal attitude of “love, honor, and obedience.” As the triumph of conservative aesthetic hierarchies paralleled the restoration of traditional gender roles, I ask how women artists were to operate in these conditions.

Honor Among Students: Academic Integrity and Honor Codes at State-Assisted Universities

Abstract: This qualitative study examined the relationship between institutional honor codes and student attitudes and behavior related to academic dishonesty. The primary data sources were students, faculty, and student affairs staff at three state-assisted universities. The results point to three conclusions: An academic honor code is only a mild deterrent to academic dishonesty; Faculty, student affairs staff and students differ in their views as to why students cheat; Students are more likely to cheat if they perceive that the campus culture tolerates cheating.

Honor the Baloch, Buy the Pushtun: Stereotypes, Social Organization and History in Western Pakistan

Abstract: Frontier Wars are but the surf that marks the edge and the advance of the wave of civilization.—Lord Salisbury, 1892Like the jellyfish, the absence of a backbone to be broken was the greatest defense of the tribes against the waves of state power which beat upon them.[Yapp 1983:186]IntroductionAn aphorism occasionally heard today purportedly summarizes the approach the British took to govern the parts of the empire that now constitute Pakistan. Their formula, it says, was ‘Rule the Punjabis, intimidate the Sindhis, buy the Pushtun, and honor the Baloch.’ While doing fieldwork in Quetta, the capital of Pakistani Balochistan and, in recent years the setting for several incidents of serious ethnic conflict, I found that current stereotypes about Baloch and Pushtun held by members of both groups about themselves and each other reflect essentially the same attitudes as those expressed in the aphorism.

Social interaction, social context, and language: Essays in honor of Susan Ervin-Tripp . Dan Isaac Slobin, Julie Gerhardt, Amy Kyratzis, and Jiansheng Guo (Eds.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 1996.

Abstract: Over the last several decades, Susan Ervin-Tripp has been engaged in a wide range of disciplines, including psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, child language, second language learning, and women's studies. In honoring her, Dan Isaac Slobin, Julie Gerhardt, Amy Kyratzis, and Jiansheng Guo, editors of Social Interaction, Social Context, and Language, acknowledge the progressive spirit she has brought to the linguist's role. Collecting essays from these.diverse areas, the editors have chosen to open the volume with brief descriptions of how their careers have been shaped through their interactions with Ervin-Tripp. Slobin started his collaboration with Ervin-Tripp in the field of child language in the early 1960s, whereas Gerhardt worked with Ervin-Tripp in examining the relationship between language and context in the late 1970s. Kyratzis and Guo are more recent collaborators with Ervin-Tripp, both in the late 1980s. Portraying Ervin-Tripp as an \"ombudsperson in the intellectual world\" (p. 5), the editors acknowledge that, over an extended period of time, she has played a crucial role in inspiring her contemporaries, helping younger generations of researchers, and even attempting to reconcile differing theories. As a linguist who entered the field in the 1950s, Ervin-Tripp is aware that language not only is a window onto the microcosm of the individual mind, but also reflects the larger social world. To borrow Slobin's description, Ervin-Tripp believes that \"language could not be studied without attention to the social and interactive contexts in which it is learned and used\" (p. ix). The title of the book is emblematic of Ervin-Tripp's belief. In line with this belief, the book contains 36 essays written by scholars who have been influenced by Ervin-Tripp at different times and in different capacities. The essays, according to the editors' categorization, fall into six sections, each of which provides an enriching framework for consideration of many important issues in relation to sociocultural contexts in language. It becomes increasingly apparent, however, that because many essays contained in the book cover multiple topics, they are not always confined by the categorizations that the editors have chosen. For example, differences in the ways men and women communicate in the workplace can be traced back to the differential treatment of male and female infants. In this sense, gender differences might be categorized as part of cross-cultural differences. Readers of this book will soon realize that, regardless of the editors' categorization, the view that language embodies a set of particular sociocultural practices stands out as the major focus throughout the volume.

Tribute, Turf, Honor and the American Street Gang: Patterns of Continuity and Change Since 1820

Abstract: American street gangs have always been committed to the defense of turf and the attainment of honor. Street gangs have, however, changed markedly with respect to their goals, their age and racial c...

An Act of Honor or Exploitation? The Cleveland Indians’ Use of the Louis Francis Sockalexis Story

Abstract: Using a critical theory approach, this paper examines how perceptions of historical accuracy impact on the legitimation of the Cleveland Indians’ claim that the Native imagery used in the promotion of the franchise was chosen to honor the first Native American to play in the major leagues, Louis Francis Sockalexis. An analysis was conducted of data gathered from Cleveland’s own account of the naming of the franchise along with past and present renderings and antecedents of the story as they appear in a variety of publications and media sources over a 100-year time period beginning in 1897 and ending in 1997. In light of the findings, Cleveland’s professed organizational intent to honor Sockalexis was tested and found to be based on faulty information. The implications of this discovery are addressed.

Legal Moralism and Liberalism

Abstract: One of the few benefits of growing older is that one is offered the opportunity for pleasures of nostalgia. This conference provides many such pleasures for me. It allows me to return to a university at which I spent many happy and productive years and to honor Joel Feinberg—a man for whom I have great esteem and affection. I am also pleased to have as my commentators two persons for whom I hold similar feelings: Herbert Morris and Jean Hampton. To Joel Feinberg and Herbert Morris, I also owe debts of intellectual and personal gratitude, for these two men have both played important roles in my philosophical life—roles that they have perhaps forgotten or of which they were never even aware.

Honor, Shame, and the Rhetoric of 1 Peter

Abstract: Honor, Shame, and the Rhetoric of I Peter, by Barth L. Campbell. SBLDS 160. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1998. Pp. x + 266. $39.95. When I was in seminary, 1 Peter was pointed out to me as an example of excellent Greek style, which should suggest to the knowledgeable scholar that the author must have also been aware of the rhetorical conventions of his day. Thus, ever since Hans Dieter Betz did his rhetorical analysis of Galatians, we should have been waiting for the methodology to spread to this work. While others have explored stylistic and rhetorical aspects of I Peter (the works of Troy Martin, Danielle Ellul, and Lauri Thuren being the most important), Barth L. Campbell's work is the first complete rhetorical (i.e., following the handbooks) analysis of the letter. This was, then, a thesis waiting to be written, and Dr. Campbell has not only done his job thoroughly, but at the same time has produced a rather readable work. This thesis actually does two things. First, after telling us what a rhetorical analysis is, Campbell proceeds to do it, giving us not only the macrostructure of this piece of deliberative rhetoric, but pointing out the microstructure down to the level of the various figures of speech. He documents each of these in the classical rhetorical handbooks. That is one contribution. Yet this work is also a sociological commentary on 1 Peter, pointing out in particular the honor-shame terminology found in the work, which Campbell believes is a key to understanding the work. That is the second contribution, although in this he is dependent on the work of John Elliott, as well as the more general work of Bruce Malina. In doing these two tasks Campbell ends up producing what amounts to a commentary on 1 Peter. It is a focused commentary, but a commentary nonetheless. The book begins with an introduction to Greek rhetoric and classical rhetorical criticism, as well as an introduction to social-scientific criticism and particularly to the issues of honor and shame. After a review of the literature Campbell then moves systematically through 1 Peter (exordium, three argumentatios and peroratio), interrupting his rhetorical analysis to discuss the terminology of honor and shame where it appears. There are also briefer and less satisfying interactions with the thought of individual authors, such that of Troy Martin (p. 117). After his summary and conclusion, he has two appendices, one on the semantic field of honor and shame and the other on the classical rhetorical handbooks. In other words, both streams of analysis are carried through from the introduction to the appendix. It is clear that this work does what it sets out to do, yet at the same time it raises questions. For instance, Elliott's position that the "resident aliens" in 1 Peter are literal is accepted over against a metaphorical interpretation with hardly any argument. Yet the Israel theme, Campbell asserts, also without argument, is metaphorical (pp. 95-96). Could the implied readers be Jewish (one form of literal resident aliens)? …

Cultures and nations of Central and Eastern Europe : essays in honor of Roman Szporluk

Abstract: Written in honor of one of the foremost observers of nationalism and culture in Central and Eastern Europe, this volume brings together 35 eminent scholars from the United States, Canada, Ukraine, and Poland. Supplemented by a bibliography of the work of Roman Szporluk, these fresh, urgent essays mirror Szporluk's broad and comparativist approach. Topics range from the rise of Ukrainian national consciousness in Galicia, to nationalism in contemporary Serbia; from the rise of private property in the Russia of Catherine II, to contemporary Russian attitudes toward Ukrainian nation building. Other essays explore the impact of theories of nationalism on the discipline of history and critique Ernest Gellner's "constructivist" theory of the nation.

Franklin Roosevelt and the Origins of the Canadian-American Security Alliance, 1933-1945: Necessary, but Not Necessary Enough

Abstract: Introduction A Perfectly Logical and Sensible Thing: Canadian-American Security Relations Prior to 1937 The United States Will Not Stand Idly By: Defending Canada, 1937-1939 Far Better to Trust in the Honor of the United States: Canada-United States Relations, 1939-1941 Not a Particularly Heroic Role: Canada Confronts the United States, 1941-1942 Terribly Serious About the Wrong Things: Roosevelt and Declining American Interest in Canada, 1942-1945 Bibliography Index

Rosoff, Pontell and Tillman, Profit without Honor: White- Collar Crime and the Looting of America.

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