Showing papers on "Honor published in 2006"

Emerging Adulthood in Europe: A Response to Bynner

Abstract: It is a great honor to have my theory of emerging adulthood addressed by John Bynner, a scholar whose work I have long admired, and an even great honor that he finds merit in my ideas and endorses

Honor: A History

Abstract: The importance of honor is present in the earliest records of civilization. Today, while it may still be an essential concept in Islamic cultures, in the West, honor has been disparaged and dismissed as obsolete. In this lively and authoritative book, James Bowman traces the curious and fascinating history of this ideal, from the Middle Ages through the Enlightenment and to the killing fields of World War I and the despair of Vietnam. Bowman reminds us that the fate of honor and the fate of morality and even manners are deeply interrelated.

The Honor of Thinking: Critique, Theory, Philosophy

Abstract: @fmct:Contents @toc4:Acknowledgments iii @toc2:Introduction 1 Part I: Critique 1. Critique, Hypercriticism, Deconstruction 2. The Sober Absolute 3. Critique, Authentic Biographism, and Ethical Judgment 4. Towards an Ethics of "Auseinandersetzung" 5. More than a Difference in Style Part II: Theory 6. Under the Heading of Theory 7. Comparatively Theoretical 8. Theatrum Theoreticum Part III: Philosophy 9. Something like an Archaeology 10. Thinking Within Thought 11. Saving the Honor of Thinking 12. A Stupid Passion 13. Aporetic Experience 14. Thinking, Without Wonder @toc4:Notes 000 Index 000

Building Bridges over Troubled Waters: Merit as a Guide

Abstract: Th e federal civil service has developed in fi ts and starts, with specifi c reforms fashioned in reaction to the particu-lar political considerations of a given time. Yet the con-cept of merit has remained a central, albeit malleable, sometimes neglected, and perhaps quaint ideal. Reinven-tion, effi ciency, and eff ectiveness must honor excellence and the notion of public service as a calling.

The Duel of Honor: Screening For Unobservable Social Capital

Abstract: The duel of honor was a highly ritualized violent activity practiced (mostly) by aristocrats from c. 1500 to 1900. The duel of honor was held in private, attended by seconds and other members of society, was illegal, and often resulted from trivial incidents. Duels were fought according to strict codes, their lethalness fell over time, and certain members of society were not allowed to duel. We argue dueling functioned as a screen for unobservable investments in social capital. Social capital was used during this period to police political transactions in an age when high civil service appointments were made through patronage. The screening hypothesis explains the puzzling features of the duel of honor, its rise and fall over time and locations, and the differences between European and American duels.

Wondering at the Natural Fecundity of Things: Essays in Honor of Alan Prince

Abstract: Languages are replete with cases of lexical allomorphy. Their characteristic property is that the distribution of allomorphs is explicable on general phonological grounds, but no actual phonological rule exists in the grammar of the language that would derive both from the same underlying representation. In this note, we take up the two cases mentioned above, the historically matured allomorphy of the Latin noun-forming endings and the newly emerging allomorphy of the plurality marker in Japanese loanwords. From a variety of evidence characterized as ‘prosodic trapping’, Mester 1994 argues that the optimal foot structure of Latin is the bimoraic balanced trochee, (’LL) (two light syllables) or (’H) (one heavy syllable). Crucially, in a quantitative system, the unbalanced (’HL) and (’LH) do not qualify as trochees, and neither does (’L). In this restricted foot inventory, light syllables are often prosodically trapped initially: #L(H)..., and medially between heavy syllables: ...(H)L(H)....

Dueling for Equality Masculine Honor and the Modern Politics of Dignity

Abstract: This essay argues that aristocratic values and social practices were deployed in the transition to modernity, where equal dignity replaced positional honor as the ground on which an individual's political status rests. The essay focuses on dueling, one of the most important practices for the maintenance of aristocratic honor, at the moments of transition, primarily in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The author argues that the practice has resources for an egalitarian refashioning. This is because it is a system for the distribution of respect and because it involves social equals. At the same time, it is necessarily masculine, which limits the degree to which it can realize equality. The essay argues that the egalitarian refashioning emerged in part out of eighteenth-century thinkers' own reinterpretation of the practice. The focal theorist in the essay is Immanuel Kant, whose discussion allows us to weave together theoretical discussions of honor with the social practices of dueling.

Gender and Welfare in Modern Europe

Abstract: Based on papers from a conference entitled "Gender, Religion, Poverty and Revolution" held at Oxford on July 9, 2004 to honor Olwen Hufton.

Myth and Measurement

Abstract: In this article, the author, in acknowledging the honor of receiving the 2006 Eric Berne Memorial Award, describes his life in the field of science-based consensual reality extending from his early career as a nuclear physicist to his current career in the field of human relations and his award-winning research on the effectiveness of transactional analysis.

Reinventing Honorable Masculinity: Discourses from a Working-Class Indian Community

Abstract: This article argues that, contrary to received notions in Indian communities about women’s bodies and actions being the primary sites of male honor, women, too, hold men responsible for male honor and that men’s honor is also shaped by women’s discourses on men’s actions. Additionally, the forms of masculinities men seek to shape have to be considered contemporaneously with the forms of femininities that are emerging around them. Traditional male authority, which rested on the axes of men’s economic provisioning, control over wives, and violence against women, is eroding in newer social conditions in which women are more autonomous. In this fluid situation, men and women, respectively, use concepts of sexual control and understanding to describe and normalize an emerging form of masculinity that allows for men to claim honor when practicing nontraditional gendered actions.

Culture and Customs of Jordan

Abstract: After a solid overview of the land, people, and history in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 covers religion. Jordan is still a conservative Muslim state, with a Sunni Muslim majority, that retains good relations with its citizens of other faiths. The discussion of literature and media in Chapter 3 emphasizes the pan-Arabic tradition. In Chapter 4, architecture, art, and traditional crafts in Jordan are shown to be linked to the history of the country and its religious and ethnic diversity. In Chapter 5, the cuisine and culture reveal inspiration from the region of Greater Syria. In the Gender, Marriage, and Family chapter, Shoup looks at the conservative and powerful family and changing women's roles. Highlighted in the Social Customs chapter are the topics of honor, shame, and respect, social clubs, and more on women's roles in the middle class. A final chapter on Music and Dance covers everything from their Bedouin roots to Arab rap.

Learning from Accounting History: Will We Get It Right This Time?

Abstract: This is an adaptation of a presentation given at the 12th Annual Institute for Law and Economic Policy in Honor of Harvey Goldschmid. I acknowledge the contributions Professor Goldschmid has made to the accounting profession as a consultant and general counsel to the Securities and Exchange Commission, and as a Commissioner. ISSUES IN ACCOUNTING EDUCATION Vol. 21, No. 4 November 2006 pp. 383–407

The Success Condition for Legitimate Self-Defense

Abstract: The paper explores a neglected condition for legitimate self-defense, 'The Success Condition,' according to which otherwise immoral acts can be justified under the right to self-defense only if they are likely to gain protection from the perceived threat. The idea behind this condition is that if measures cannot reasonably be expected to provide defense, they cannot be justified under the title of self-defense. The success condition also accords well with the other constraints for legitimate self-defense, namely necessity and proportionality. However, it gives rise to a disturbing paradox for it prohibits self-defensive measures in cases where we feel that such measures are not only fully permissible but even heroic. To dispel this paradox, I develop 'The Honor Solution,' according to which the success condition is retained in these cases, because the self-defensive acts succeed (or are expected to succeed) in protecting the victim's honor. Finally, I explore the implications of the success condition, coupled with the honor solution, for the morality of wars. I argue that the restrictions on the defense of honor are stronger in wars than in individual self-defense, which explains why the "reasonable hope of success" condition in jus ad bellum usually refers to success in staving off the actual attack of the enemy, not to success in merely defending the honor of the country under attack.

Degendering the Honor/Care Conflation: Palestinian Israeli University Women's Appropria‐tions of Independence

Abstract: On the basis of ethnographic research of Palestinian Israeli women at Hebrew University, I explore how cultural models of independence are used to reshape Arab conceptions of male and female selves and their communal positions. I claim that Arab models of family honor conflate honor and care differently in social expectations for men and women. Men insure family honor through care for women's bodies and women do the same through being modest and reproductive. Although the concept of independence has been critiqued as being male and Western, these women use the Western model to degender the Arab conflation of care and honor. They bring together Western cultural models of independence and Arab models of connectivity to reshape their potential as female selves to include both independent and relational features. [self, cultural models, Palestinian women, university, family honor]

Honor and Dignity in the Film Unforgiven: Implications for Sociolegal Theory

Abstract: This article calls attention to "honor" and "dignity" as two fundamental, antithetical bases of unique value systems, both highly significant to social orders and legal systems in the contemporary Western world. The article argues that in this comparative context, the relatively new dignity-based value system may be better defined and articulated; at the same time, the overlooked, traditional honor-based value system, which underlies much of contemporary reality, can be better identified and replaced or at least modified by a dignity-based one. Rather than look to specific sociolegal realities, the article presents this line of thought from a "law-and-film" perspective, i.e., through the close reading of a single feature film: Clint Eastwood's Unforgiven. This contemporary, widely familiar, and immensely popular Western exposes the ugly face of the honor-based value system at the heart of the Western film genre; further, it subversively undermines this value system, replacing it with a dignity-based one. In so doing, the film expresses deep faith in the human capacity to transform, calling on real-world social and legal systems to follow in its footsteps and apply the same critical analysis and reformative activism to Western law and society at large. The task for the Law and Society Association is regularly to challenge its own doggedly conventional assumptions about what is worth studying, about the theories and methods that we use and about what counts as sociolegal scholarship. (Austin Sarat, "Imagining the Law of the Father: Loss, Dread, and Mourning in The Sweet Hereafter") Introduction and Overview This article calls attention to "honor" and "dignity"1 as two fundamental, antithetical values, both firmly rooted at the heart of social orders and legal systems in the contemporary Western world. An antithetical analysis of these concepts has long been suggested, in an anthropological context, by Bourdieu (1966:228), and reframed by Berger (1983) and later, in the context of multiculturalism, by Taylor (1994). I argue for its relevance to contemporary Western societies and their laws. I suggest that honor, that manly basis for behavior codes in cultures throughout history and around the world, is incorrectly misjudged as an archaic, irrelevant remnant of antiquity (Berger 1983:173); it is thus wrongly neglected and ignored in sociopolitical rhetoric as well as in the legal context. Dignity, on the other hand, though officially hailed and embraced by national and international authorities around the world, is mostly left unspecified and amorphous, thus ineffective or, worse, a potentially manipulatable basis for arbitrary decisionmaking. I believe that comparatively viewed as potentially competing, adversarial, fundamental notions, honor and dignity emerge as two antithetical bases of unique value systems. In this comparative context, dignity may be better defined and articulated, while the overlooked, underlying honor-based value system can be better identified, and replaced-or at least modified-by a dignity-based one.2 Examining the manifestations and implications of Western sociolegal systems' underlying honor-based values, and suggesting their replacement (or modification) with alternative, dignity-based ones, is a monumental task.3 In this article I merely outline the described line of thought and offer a preliminary "taste" of its gist. For this purpose, I do not refer to any particular legal system, looking, instead, to another central social discourse: popular culture. Following a basic, antithetical presentation of "honor" and "dignity" (meant to clarify the meaning of dignity as well as highlight the distinction between dignity and honor), I look to a single major contemporary film and read it in a manner that I believe demonstrates the theoretical, jurisprudential, "law and society"4 argument presented above. More specifically, I read Glint Eastwood's Unforgiven (1992) as revealing the honor code that underlies social and legal norms (as well as many films' generic conventions) while calling to substitute it with a dignity-based one. …

Honor, patriarchy, and disunion: Masculinity and the coming of the American Civil War

Abstract: Honor, Patriarchy, and Disunion: Masculinity and the Coming of the American Civil War Kenneth A. Deitreich The dissertation explores the nature of antebellum masculinity and its role in bringing on the American Civil War. It focuses its attention on two crucial episodes of the sectional crisis: the attack on Senator Sumner and the Secession Crisis of 1861 and on the four individuals, Preston Brooks, Charles Sumner, Jefferson Davis and Abraham Lincoln, who played prominent roles in those episodes. Among the issues it explores are the degree to which Northern and Southern ideas of manhood differed and the degree to which Northerners and Southerners associated manhood with sectional identity. Did Southerners associate being a man with being a Southerner and did Northerners associate being a man with being a Northerner? Did Northerners and Southerners view themselves as more manly than their counterparts? What did people expect from their political leaders and how were those expectations shaped by masculinity? Finally to what degree did political leaders embrace antebellum ideas of masculinity, what influences were they exposed to and how did those influences shape their ideas of masculinity? The biographical profiles illustrate how theoretical notions of masculinity were translated into the experiences of real people. As successful politicians chosen by an exclusively white male electorate, it is reasonable to assume that these individuals were keenly aware of antebellum ideas of masculinity. If nothing else they would have had to at least cater to such ideas to maintain their position. In so doing it demonstrates that 19 century gender roles, and especially 19 century ideas of manhood, played a direct and contributive role in bringing on the sectional crisis and made it inevitable that secession would lead to war. Given the volatile and violent nature of 19 century masculinity, especially that of southerners with its emphasis on honor, violence, and militarism, violent confrontation was not only justified but desirable. In view of such attitudes, war was virtually unavoidable.

African women, religion, and health : essays in honor of Mercy Amba Ewudziwa Oduyoye

Abstract: Mercy Amba Odyoye, from Ghana, founded the Circle of Concerned African Women. She served as Deputy General Secretary of the World Council of Churches, the first African woman from south of the Sahara to hold such a high position in the WCC. The book begins by first describing the particular contributions Mercy Oduyoye has made to African theology. The second part deals with issues of women's health and scripture. Part IV deals with health issues, particularly HIV/AIDS, and women as peace-makers. In Part V, the only essay by a male theologian, examines women's theology in Africa.

Immersive Historicity in World War II Digital Games

Abstract: In this article I examine the potential feeling of time travel – historical immersion – in the World War II games Medal of Honor: Underground, Medal of Honor: Frontline, Wolfenstein 3D and Return to Castle Wolfenstein. To accomplish this, I make a semiotic analysis of visual and auditory signs based upon the three categories of space, time, and sound. I also consider the element of myth to be an influencing factor. WWII games contribute, in their own way, to our collective memory. Nevertheless, in these games historical facts are not considered as important as excitement, heroes, villains (the dichotomy good/evil), and gothic surroundings. Thus, although they claim to have historical settings and narratives, they are rather reshaping WWII as a stereotypical event with more connections to popular films than to actual historical events.

Orality and literacy: A symposium in honor of David Olson

Abstract: Preeminent scholar David Olson opens this symposium with a reflection on the decades-long debate concerning the relationship between written and oral discourse. His essay is followed by a series of responses by leading literacy researchers, including Wells. The symposium concludes with a further essay by Professor Olson, in which he offers his reflections on these scholars' comments and looks to the continuing conversation. In a modern society we mark the significance of an event by appeal to an appropriate written document. Not only are contracts and constitutions as well as musical scores and religious scriptures all expressed in writing, but even minor events such as birthday and season's greeting are routinely honored by written documents. So ubiquitous is writing in a modern, technologically sophisticated society that writing at times seems to eclipse the more fundamental mode of communication, namely, oral speech. Early theories on the topic indeed tied social advance to forms of writing. Eighteenth-century writers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his Essay on the Origin of Language argued that there was a direct link between social advance and the evolution of advanced forms of writing from pictographs, to characters, and finally to alphabets: These three ways of writing correspond almost exactly to three different stages according to which one can consider men gathered into a nation. The depicting of objects is appropriate to a savage people; signs of words and of propositions, to a barbaric people, and the alphabet to civilized peoples. This evolutionary thesis has lost much of its appeal, yet such modern scholars as in their different ways have contrasted speech, orality, with writing, literacy, as an important dimension of psychological and social change. As Derrida (1976, p. 30-31) insisted, " the factum of phonetic writing is massive; it commands our entire culture and our entire science, and it is certainly not just one fact among others. " But what to make of this fact?

No Longer Just Looking under the Lamppost

Abstract: It is an honor to be receiving this award from a Society for which I have the greatest affection and admiration. There are many friends, former students, post-docs, and colleagues whom I would love to acknowledge, but I won’t be able to in these brief remarks. I would, however, like to recognize and thank one person, and that’s my wife, Diane Baker, a long-term member of this Society. Her stalwart support over the many bumps in the road the last few years has never wavered and is deeply appreciated.