Showing papers on "Hybrid drive published in 2015"

Hybrid drive for gas turbine engine

Abstract: A gas turbine engine has a fan drive turbine for selectively driving a fan rotor. A drive shaft between the fan drive turbine and the fan rotor includes a clutch, and an electric motor. The electric motor is positioned such that it is not downstream of a flow path relative to the fan drive turbine. A method of operating a gas turbine engine is also disclosed.

Hybrid Propulsion Concepts on Ships

Abstract: The hybrid technology is not only a current issue in the field of electric vehicles. Also in the area of ships there are some projects to replace the proven diesel mechanical drives by innovative drive concepts. In this paper the feasibility of hybrid propulsion concepts is examined for different types of vessels. The paper shows that there are definitely opportunities to save energy by using hybrid drive systems on ships. In some cases this can even return the much higher investment by savings in fuel.

On the Trade-Offs among Performance, Energy, and Endurance in a Versatile Hybrid Drive

Abstract: There are trade-offs among performance, energy, and device endurance for storage systems. Designs optimized for one dimension or workload often suffer in another. Therefore, it is important to study the trade-offs to enable adaptation to workloads and dimensions. As Flash SSD has emerged, hybrid drives have been studied more closely. However, hybrids are mainly designed for high throughput, efficient energy consumption, or improving endurance—leaving quantitative study on the trade-offs unexplored. Past endurance studies also lack a concrete model to help study the trade-offs. Last, previous designs are often based on inflexible policies that cannot adapt easily to changing conditions.We designed and developed GreenDM, a versatile hybrid drive that combines Flash-based SSDs with traditional HDDs. The SSD can be used as cache or as primary storage for hot data. We present our endurance model together with GreenDM to study these trade-offs. GreenDM presents a block interface and requires no modifications to existing software. GreenDM offers tunable parameters to enable the system to adapt to many workloads. We have designed, developed, and carefully evaluated GreenDM with a variety of workloads using commodity SSD and HDD drives. We demonstrate the importance of versatility to enable adaptation to various workloads and dimensions.

Profit data caching and hybrid disk-aware Completely Fair Queuing scheduling algorithms for hybrid disks

Abstract: Recently, a hybrid disk drive that integrates a small amount of flash memory within a mechanical drive has received significant attention. The hybrid drive extends the storage hierarchy by using flash memory to cache data from the mechanical disk. Unfortunately, current caching architectures fail to fully exploit the potential of the hybrid drive. Furthermore, current disk input/output I/O schedulers are optimized for rotational mechanical disk drives and thus must be re-targeted for the hybrid disk drive. In this paper, we propose a new data caching scheme, called Profit Caching, for hybrid drives. Profit Caching is a self-optimizing caching algorithm. It considers and seamlessly integrates all possible data characteristics that impact the performance of hybrid drives, including read count, write count, sequentiality, randomness, and recency, to determine the caching policy. Moreover, we propose a hybrid disk-aware Completely Fair Queuing HA-CFQ scheduler to avoid unnecessary I/O anticipations of the CFQ scheduler. We have implemented Profit Caching and HA-CFQ scheduler in the Linux kernel. Coupled with a trace-driven simulator, we have also conducted detailed experiments under a variety of workloads. Experimental results show that Profit Caching provides significantly improved performance compared with the previous schemes. In particular, the throughput of Profit Caching outperforms previous Random Access First and FlashCache caching schemes by factors of up to 1.8 and 7.6, respectively. In addition, the HA-CFQ scheduler reduces the total execution time of the CFQ scheduler by up to 1.74%. Finally, the experimental results show that the runtime overhead of Profit Caching is extremely insignificant and can be ignored. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Solid state hybrid drive

Abstract: The invention relates to the technical field of electronic equipment storage equipment, in particular to a solid state hybrid drive. The solid state hybrid drive comprises a storage controller and a storage array, wherein the storage array consists of a novel nonvolatile storage chip and a flash memory storage chip. Compared with a traditional NAND or NOR type flash type solid state drive, the solid state hybrid drive is higher in read-write speed and longer in erasing service life. Compared with the solid state drive which adopts a latest technology and is based on the novel nonvolatile storage chip, the solid state hybrid drive is low in cost and high in integration degree and is favorable for saving the power consumption and cost of the solid state drive.

Plug-in four-wheel-drive hybrid vehicle and power transmission system thereof

Abstract: The invention discloses a power transmission system of a four-wheel-drive hybrid vehicle. The power transmission system comprises a front drive system and a rear drive system. The front drive system comprises an engine, an electric generator, a front drive motor and a speed reducer, the front drive motor is in transmission connection with a front wheel differential in the speed reducer, the engine is connected with a front wheel speed reducer in the speed reducer, a clutch is arranged between coaxial gears connected with the engine and the front wheel differential in the speed reducer, and the engine is in transmission connection with the electric generator. On the premise of accomplishing the hybrid drive mode, the existing dual-clutch transmission is replaced by the gear reducer having the fixed transmission ratio, therefore the transmission structure is simplified, the speed reduce is small in size when being compared with the double-clutch transmission, and therefore the size of the power transmission system is decreased. The invention also discloses the four-wheel-drive hybrid vehicle comprising the power transmission system.

HM: A Column-Oriented MapReduce System on Hybrid Storage

Abstract: The solid-state hybrid drive (SSHD) incorporates a small NAND flash memory into a hard drive, resulting in an integrated device with combined Hard Disk Drive (HDD ) and Solid State Disk (SSD) storage. By identifying the data highly associated with the performance and buffering them in the SSD part, SSHD can deliver a better performance than the standard hard drive. However, that requires a significant redesign for existing data processing systems. In this paper, we examine the problem of efficiently processing relational data using MapReduce on a cluster using SSHDs as the underlying storage devices. We present the design of Hybrid MapReduce ( HM ), a column-oriented MapReduce system, which adopts different storage layout, query optimizer, data index, and compression algorithm from previous MapReduce systems. In HM , the Distributed File System (DFS ) is deployed on SSHDs, and data layout (how data chunks are disseminated to HDDs and SSDs) plays a key role for the performance. Hence, an approximate algorithm is used to tune the data layout adaptively to maximize the query performance. We evaluate HM using TPC-H benchmark and the results show that with our new design, the hybrid system can provide a similar performance as the SSD-only system.

Research Related Electromechanical Processes in an Asynchronous Traction Motor - Asynchronous Generator with Common Shaft Based on Field Model

Abstract: Creating energy efficiency traction induction motors with frequency control for hybrid drive vehicles defines practical interest for new methods of testing and simulation. Tests of these machines, it is desirable to carry out with energy recovery in the motor-generator, where a common shaft unites the machines. At present, the system simulation of motor-generator is carried out on simplified models without saturation, surface effect, jagged cores, and non-sinusoidal voltage of frequency converters. A refined interrelated mathematical model of asynchronous motor and generator operating with a common shaft, based on the theory of electrical circuits and field theory. Models allow the related modelling and study of static and dynamic modes electrical machines taking into account the saturation, skin effect, toothed cores, non-sinusoidal voltage of the frequency inverter, and variation parameters of the windings.

Hybrid drive circuit for variable speed induction motor system and methods of control

Abstract: Controllers for controlling hybrid motor drive circuits configured to drive a motor are provided herein. A controller is configured to drive the motor using an inverter when a motor commanded frequency is not within a predetermined range of line input power frequencies, and couple line input power to an output of the inverter using a first switch device when the motor commanded frequency is within the predetermined range of line input power frequencies.

Factors influencing the hybrid drive of urban public transport buses

Abstract: The efficiency of each drives is dependent on many factors. Hybrid drives and specially the drives of urban public transport may be affected by other factors given by transport infrastructure or operational conditions. These factors condition the suitable configuration of the individual elements of hybrid drive and the establishment of good control strategy of such drive. The study of influencing factors of the control strategy is the aim of this paper. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE HYBRID DRIVE OF URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT BUSES INTRODUCTION Previous century was the century with rapid development of industry, the growth of living standards and the related needs for increased mobility of the population. As this development continues and can be expected to continue in the next years and decades, the topic of mobility and passenger transport is actual and adequate. The population mobility is everyday need to travel to school, to work, for shopping, culture and recreation by every available transport means that enable movement, from walking to air or waterway transport. Importance of public transport Individual road passenger transport also plays important role in this problem is growing incredibly fast in recent decades. Expanding individual road passenger transport has positive effects, like convenience and speed of travel, but also produce a lot of negative effects, for example significant increase in emissions, increase of noise, vibration, accidents, congestion, large occupation of land for transport infrastructure (e.g. high demands for parking areas) etc. This problem can be solved only by very good functional public passenger transport which will satisfy the largest possible number of the population and ensure adequate transport services operating in region. Area covered by transport services can be evaluated by the transport opportunity in terms of time (time position of connections), area (keeping the lines and location of stops), transport capacity (number of connections and capacity of the vehicles), financial costs (tariffs) and added value (comfort, additional services). Public transport in terms of the size of the area it serves, can be divided into urban, suburban, regional and long distance transport. The most of the passengers has the beginning and the end of its transport routes in areas that are served by urban, suburban or regional services. Therefore, the importance of all three transport modes should not underestimated. Dalibor BARTA, Martin MRUZEK University of Zilina

Assessment of parameters of the hybrid drive system in vehicles in urban traffic conditions

Abstract: Continuously increasing share of the hybrid and electric vehicles in the global automotive market justifies the need for detailed analysis of the operational effectiveness of these drive systems. The aim of the study was to assess the operational conditions of the combustion engines and electric motors in hybrid drive systems – full hybrid – of the motor vehicles in urban traffic conditions. variety of designs of such drive systems is related to the high voltage batteries used and the way of charging them. The road tests were conducted in Warsaw (urban traffic conditions) by recording the operational parameters of three vehicles and their driving systems. The conditions of operation of the combustion engine and electric motors along with the values of their high voltage battery charge level were related to the test routes. The analysis of the relative shares of engine and motor operation time in the total time of vehicle operation in urban traffic conditions was conducted. The scope of operation of the hybrid drive system utilizing only electric propulsion system was determined. The relations between the operational indexes of the hybrid propulsion (combustion engine and electric motor) in real traffic conditions and the charge level of batteries, current speeds and accelerations were shown.

Electric drive unit, hybrid drive device, and vehicle

Abstract: In order to increase the power output and the degree of efficiency and to minimize the thermal loading, the installation space required and also the manufacturing costs in an electric drive assembly for a hybrid drive, in particular for a vehicle, the invention proposes an electric drive unit (100), in particular for a vehicle (102) with an electric or hybrid drive, having an output element (112) for outputting mechanical energy which is generated in the electric drive unit, comprising a combination of the following features: the drive unit is formed with an asynchronous machine (104) with a rotor (105) which has a rotor cage, in particular a rotor cage which is formed with copper conductors; the asynchronous machine is formed with a stator (106) which is equipped with a shaft winding (107); the shaft winding is formed with a device for star-delta changeover; the rotor is formed with a rotor internal cooling device (110); and a step-up gear mechanism (113) is arranged in a power train between the rotor and the output element. The invention further proposes a hybrid drive device (101) comprising an electric drive unit, and a vehicle comprising an electric drive unit (100) and/or a hybrid drive device.

Parallel type energy recovery control method and system

Abstract: The invention belongs to the technical field of electric vehicle energy recovery, and particularly relates to a parallel type energy recovery control method. The method includes the following steps that (A), the working condition request speed and the acceleration are calculated; (B), whether the acceleration is zero or not is judged, and if yes, whether pure electric drive, or engine drive or hybrid drive is adopted in a vehicle is judged according to request power and the electric quantity of a battery; otherwise, the step (C) and the step (D) are executed; (C), whether the vehicle needs to shift gear or not is judged; (D), if the acceleration is smaller than zero at the moment, the brake energy recovery flow path is executed. Meanwhile, the invention relates to a parallel type energy recovery system. By providing the method for effectively changing energy recovery and the method for energy control, all the conditions in the energy recovery process of the whole vehicle are effectively controlled in a balanced mode, and therefore the requirements for dynamic property and economy of the whole vehicle are met.

Trends in development and optimization of electric drive systems for hybrid and electric urban transport

Abstract: The present state of affairs in Russian hybrid transport is considered. The paper shows possible means for improvement of hybrid transmission performance through optimization of the electric traction drive, number of wheels, traction generator and supercapacitor reserve, creation of new types of accumulators, and the use of fully electrically powered buses that charge up at bus stops with an auxiliary internal combustion engine as an emergency power source. Features of optimization for typical cycles are considered, and the need is shown for studying the real power transmission performance for purposes of optimization.

Kinematics and Simulation of a Hybrid Mechanism: MATLAB/SimMechanics

Abstract: Kinematic analysis and simulation of hybrid drive system are addressed in this study. A seven link mechanism with two degrees of freedom is selected as the configuration of the system. Kinematic analysis is performed by loop closure equations and required inputs of servo motor are given to get desired ram motion scenario. MATLAB/SimMechanics platform is used to model the hybrid driven mechanical system mechanism characteristics. The simulation results are presented herein.

Method for determining a rotor temperature of an electric motor in a hybrid drive of a motor vehicle

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining a rotor temperature of an electric motor in a hybrid drive of a motor vehicle, wherein preferably a permanent-magnet-excited synchronous machine is used as the electric motor, wherein the rotor temperature is determined in dependence on a temperature-dependent machine parameter, which is determined from a short-circuit current during an active short circuit of power electronics supplying current to the electric motor. In a method in which the actual rotor temperature is determined regardless of the operating state of the motor vehicle, the active short circuit is set in a generating operating mode of the electric motor during active driving operation of the motor vehicle.

Drive system of a hybrid vehicle

Abstract: A hybrid drive apparatus and a control apparatus for controlling the hybrid drive apparatus, a hybrid drive apparatus including a differential device made of a first differential mechanism and second differential mechanism, including four rotary components; and an engine, a first electric motor, second electric motor and an output rotary member, which are respectively connected to four rotary components, wherein one of the four rotary components consists of a rotary element of the first differential mechanism and a rotary element of the second differential mechanism which are selectively connected to each other through a coupling element, and the control apparatus controlling at least one of output torques of the first and second electric motors, to reduce a difference between rotating speeds of the rotary elements of the first and second differential mechanisms selectively connected to each other through the coupling element, to a value not larger than a predetermined threshold value, before the coupling element is brought into an engaged state when the drive system is re-started after the drive system is once placed in an off state.

Drive device for a hybrid-drive motor vehicle

Abstract: The invention relates to a drive device for a hybrid-drive motor vehicle, comprising an internal combustion engine (VKM) as the primary drive, an electric machine (EM) as the secondary drive, and planetary gear mechanisms (PG1, PG2) which are coupled together, which can be shifted to different transmission stages by means of shifting elements (K1, K2, K3) and brakes (B1), which are connected to a common output shaft (12) via input elements and output elements, and the reaction elements of which can be coupled or firmly braked. The drive device can be operated in an electric motor drive mode, a primary drive mode which has transmission stages, or a hybrid drive mode. In the primary drive mode, up to six transmission stages (V1 to V6) can be selected, and a continuously variable drive (CVT1, CVT2) can be controlled via the electric machine (EM) by overlapping the generator or motor operation in the planetary gear mechanisms (PG1, PG2) in at least two transmission stages (V3, V5).

System and method for power management during regeneration mode in hybrid electric vehicles for H-3000

Abstract: A system and method for recovering the optimum power level during regenerative mode is disclosed. Equations for determining the optimum regenerative power level receivable by an energy storage system, for example for any given deceleration event, are derived and disclosed. The equations consider various losses such as the efficiency of the electric motor generator in the generator mode, wind resistance, rolling resistance, transmission losses, engine losses, and losses in the energy storage system. Also disclosed is at least one embodiment of a procedure for controlling a hybrid drive system to achieve the optimum energy recovery.

Electric drive, method for the operation thereof, and serial hybrid drive train for a motor vehicle

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric drive, comprising a motor assembly (10) comprising a plurality of electric machines (12) having motor shafts arranged parallel to each other, an output assembly, and a speed-changing stage, which is connected to the motor assembly on one side and to the output assembly on the other side and which has a speed-changing sun (34) connected to the output assembly and a plurality of speed-changing planets (28), which are each connected to one of the electric machines (12) and which are each fixed on the motor shafts and arranged annularly around the speed-changing sun (34) and which roll on the speed-changing sun in a torque-transmitting manner. The invention is characterized in that one or more power electronics units connected to one or more voltage sources are provided for controlling the electrical sub-phases of the electric machines (12).

An analysis of operation of brushless DC machine used in unmanned aerial vehicle hybrid drive

Abstract: This paper presents results of a study concerning operating modes of brushless DC machine (BLDCM) used in the hybrid drive designed for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A mathematical model of the machine and a simulation model of the whole drive system are proposed. Structure of the parallel hybrid drive system is discussed. Results of simulations are presented for three different operation modes provided for the machine in the UAV drive system, i.e. engine starting, motoring operation with regulated airscrew speed, and generating operation. Finally, preliminary results of laboratory tests are presented.

EV drives testing and measurement system

Abstract: A new SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PARK in Roztoky town has been founded in the year 2012. Main research is focused onto the automotive techniques based on classical internal combustion engines (ICE) and progressive electric (ED) and hybrid drive (HD) technology. Therefore one of the special laboratories is equipped for electric and hybrid-electric drives measurements. For this purposes laboratory is equipped by electric power supplies and by dynamometric testing bench, which enable complex electric drives parameters measurement. Main topic of this article is to inform about architecture of this laboratory.

Examining the braking energy recovery in a vehicle with a hybrid drive system

Abstract: Results of examining the braking energy recovery in a passenger car with a hybrid system driving the front wheels have been presented. The tests were carried out on a vehicle with a series-parallel system, which combined an internal combustion engine with an electric motor. Such a system makes it possible to change the electric motor operation mode so that it becomes a generator, which charges a high-voltage battery with the use of the vehicle braking energy. The battery charging current was measured at braking with various vehicle deceleration values. The algorithm of controlling the battery charging current, the share of the energy recovered in the total braking energy, and the power of the regenerative braking in relation to the total braking power demand were analysed. The instantaneous power demand at braking on a horizontal road with a low rolling resistance coefficient was determined. The share of the electric power in the energy balance of the braking process as well as the demand and recovery of energy during this process were examined.

Hybrid drive system with multiple drive machines

Abstract: A hybrid drive system includes a transmission having first and second parallel input shafts. The first and second parallel input shafts are selectively coupled together via a plurality of gearwheels operable to vary the rotational speed of the second parallel shaft relative to the first parallel shaft. The hybrid drive system includes at least one irreversible drive machine coupled to the transmission and operable to provide torque to at least one of the first or second parallel input shafts, and at least one reversible drive machine coupled to the transmission and operable to provide torque to at least one of the first or second parallel input shafts.

The development of hybrid electric vehicle control strategy based on GT-SUITE and Simulink

Abstract: Hybrid electric vehicle is the car which increase a electric drive system on the traditional internal combustion engine vehicle. The coordination work based on the drive motor and the internal combustion engine can reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emission. Considering on the special characteristics and power system structure, we need a integrated control system to optimise the energy distribution. In this paper, based on the GT-SUITE software in the stage of system concept design validate components parameters meet the performance indicators, based on the Simulink software in the control system development stage establish a vehicle energy management strategy, then synthetise the two systems to optimise the fuel economy of the whole vehicle. Introduction In order to make full use of the advantages of hybrid electric vehicle on energy saving and high efficiency, there must be a complete set of control strategy to ensure the best way of coordination between the motor drive system and engine drive system. The formulation of hybrid control strategy, using vehicle performance index and power system component as input parameters, through the optimization of the parts working characteristics at different time, achieve the intent of the driver's operation. In this paper, in the vehicle design conceptual stage, use the GT-SUITE software to analyse the control strategy for the vehicle design, optimise the torque control of the power system, provide the upper strategy and functional definition for ECU development. Research object This paper studies the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle powertrain system structure as shown in Figure 1, which is based on the existing car platform, and make some design and development of adaptability. The original engine power transmission system is replaced by the new development of hybrid drive system. The hybrid system compounds both advantages of series and parallel hybrid power system, according to the different needs of vehicle driving, to make each power source in the best condition. The driving motor has two working modes which can be used as a motor or a generator. The motor is used as a generator in the braking energy recovery condition in order to Fig.1 The vehicle structure system

Electric power device of bicycle

Abstract: The invention discloses an electric power device of a bicycle. The electric power device of the bicycle mainly solves the problems that an existing lithium battery moped is difficult to ride, heavy in weight and complex in control circuit. The power device comprises a motor arranged on a bicycle body, a lithium battery pack for providing electric energy for the motor, a motor drive control system for controlling the motor running, a gearbox connected with the motor, and a center shaft device connected with the gearbox through an auxiliary chain, wherein the center shaft device is connected with a chain plate. The electric power device of the bicycle uses low-power consumption and modular design, the weight is light, the mounting and maintaining are simplified, the structure of an original bicycle is not changed, the riding experience is not influenced, the output power of the motor can be controlled according to different proportions, both the high-speed riding and low-speed riding can obtain the electric power effect, the electric energy waste is avoided, and the pure electric drive mode, pure manpower drive mode, and electric and manpower hybrid drive mode are realized; the three running modes perfectly combine manpower and electricity, and the electric power device of the bicycle can serve as an ideal tool for urban riding and riding training.

Electrohydraulic hybrid drive lead screw transmission system and control method thereof

Abstract: An electrohydraulic hybrid drive lead screw transmission system comprises a worm and worm gear drive mechanism connected with a motor, a lead screw equipped with a ball nut, a torque sensor and a hydraulic drive mechanism connected with the ball nut, wherein the worm and worm gear drive mechanism is connected with the torque sensor through a first coupler; the torque sensor is connected with the lead screw through a second coupler; the ball nut is connected with a load through a through hole in the ball nut; the hydraulic drive mechanism comprises a first oil cylinder and a second oil cylinder which are arranged on the two sides of the lead screw; an oil cylinder rod of each oil cylinder is in rigid connection with the ball nut; the load is supported by a guide rail; an installation angle displacement sensor or a linear displacement sensor is mounted in an axis direction in which the lead screw is arranged or the guide rail direction; a torque sensor is used for detecting output torque and turning of the motor in real time, so that a controller can adjust the pressure of the oil cylinders to enable the friction and the inertia force of the load to be counterbalanced, and the motor can drive the lead screw to drive the large-inertia load to realize quick and accurate positioning.

Hybrid drive system

Abstract: A hybrid drive system for a vehicle, such as an automobile (3), includes an internal combustion engine (2) and a drive motor (3) operable to propel the vehicle, an energy storage device (7) for storing energy to power the drive motor, a driver operable accelerator control (10) moveable from a zero to a maximum position to control the drive system and an arrangement (11) for increasing resistance to movement of the accelerator control at at least one selected position in its travel thereby to divide the travel of the control into two or more parts A controller (8) is arranged to control the internal combustion engine (2) and drive motor 3 in dependence on the position of the driver's control (10) And the controller is arranged to control the internal combustion engine and drive motor according to a respective different mode of operation when the accelerator control is in each part of its travel The controller may provide different modes of operation for acceleration of the vehicle from rest, including an eco mode where only the drive motor is employed, a max mode where both the internal combustion engine and drive motor are employed to obtain maximum acceleration and an intermediate standard mode where output of the internal combustion engine is limited in order to reduce fuel consumption A driver can select a desired mode of operation by feeling resistance in movement of the accelerator control

Automatic modeling method of hybrid drive system of series-parallel caterpillar vehicle with horizontal shaft

Abstract: The invention relates to an automatic modeling method of a hybrid drive system of a series-parallel caterpillar vehicle with a horizontal shaft. The automatic modeling method comprises the steps of determining a D matrix and a Ds matrix, screening structural types, generating unified model matrixes and optimizing a structural type, wherein a final model matrix equation is shown in the description, the Dm represents the composited D matrix, elements on diagonal lines of all lines of the Jm matrix are equal to the sum of rotational inertias of the portions connected with nodes corresponding to the lines, equivalent to the node positions, the portions connected with the nodes are determined through the Dm matrix, the equation represents a composited accelerated speed column vector, and Tm represents a composited external torque column vector. The automatic modeling method can be used for conducting automatic modeling and optimization on the hybrid drive system of the series-parallel caterpillar vehicle and is simple in modeling process, high in modeling efficiency and high in usability.