Showing papers on "Intellectual history published in 1993"

The idea of demographic transition and the study of fertility change: a critical intellectual history.

Abstract: The position is argued that progress in the further study of fertility change rests on a reappraisal of the recent intellectual history of demography. Principally recognition needs to be given to the policy influences which were apparent even before the 1950s. The notion of demographic transition as merely a descriptive term is unproductive and impedes a wider range of approaches to the field. The discussion was an examination of the methodological constraints and the reasons for the continuing reliance on descriptive notions of demographic transition. The theory of demographic transition in 1944-45 and the contrasts between Thompsons 1929 notions and the 1945 notions in the United States were discussed as influenced by the changing institutional context important new intellectual developments and the impact of political events. Notesteins ideas were a primary reference point for discussion as reflecting the distinct change in thinking between 1947 and 1949. Democratic stability and long-term prosperity were hinged on the whole process of modernization and widespread economic development; fertility non-regulation was related to lack of motivation. Notestein and Kingsley Davis were thus at the helm of advocating government sponsored policies on family planning for pretransitional countries. "Peasants were not stupid" they were economically rational and the notion of awkward nonrational institutions and social mores was ignored. The impact of the fall of China and Chiang Kai-sheks nationalist regime and the change in foreign affairs on the Princeton Office and demographic intellectual life was discussed in some detail. The ideological competition of the 1960s and 1970s thwarted self reflection on the inadequacies and flaws in the supply centered activism of the international family planning industry and the "overly dogmatic commitment and rigidity to demographic transition." The historical model (Talcott Parsons variations in classifications) was too fluid and general as a causal explanation for change but it became an irrefutable theory. Modernization became the dominant theory in the 1950s and 1970s even though it could not generate unambiguous testable hypotheses about the specific causes of fertility change. Hodgson and Demeny recognized these inadequacies. Demographic transition theory was both a product of a conception in social science and a means for examining predicting and guiding social change. Current schools of thought are the deductivist the contextualist or interpretative and various realist approaches which interact with the aims of control understanding and intervention. There is a need for historical reconstruction in specific contexts of fertility and perceived costs of childrearing.

The Heidegger Controversy: A Critical Reader

Abstract: This anthology is a significant contribution to the debate over the relevance of Martin Heidegger's Nazi ties to the interpretation and evaluation of his philosophical work. Included are a selection of basic documents by Heidegger, essays and letters by Heidegger's colleagues that offer contemporary context and testimony, and interpretive evaluations by Heidegger's heirs and critics in France and Germany.In his new introduction, "Note on a Missing Text," Richard Wolin uses the absence from this edition of an interview with Jacques Derrida as a springboard for examining questions about the nature of authorship and personal responsibility that are at the heart of the book.Richard Wolin is Professor of Modern European Intellectual History and Humanities at Rice University. He is the author of Walter Benjamin, The Politics of Being: The Political Thought of Martin Heidegger, and The Terms of Cultural Criticism: The Frankfurt School, Existentialism and Poststructuralism.

Where did Composition Studies Come from? An Intellectual History

Abstract: Composition Studies emerged as a scholarly research discipline during the 1970s as (a) empirical methods became available to investigate the problem of meaning in discourse and, concomitantly, (b) the work of an international writing research community became institutionalized in the form of new journals and graduate programs. Distinguishing their efforts from prior histories of the field, the authors argue that the development of composition studies needs to be understood as part of a broader intellectual history affecting linguistics and literary studies, as well as composition. Reviewing basic tenets of formalism, structuralism (including both constructivism and social constructionism), and dialogism as root epistemologies organizing the recent histories of these disciplines, the authors conclude with a discussion of the dominant and often parallel themes that have characterized evolving conceptions of language, text, and meaning in composition, literature, and linguistics since the 1950s.

Constructing a Social Science for Postwar America: The Cybernetics Group, 1946-1953

Abstract: In this sequel to his double biography of John von Neumann and Norbert Wiener, Steve Heims recounts another story in 20th-century intellectual history - a series of encounters that captured a moment of transformation in the human sciences. Focusing on the Macy Foundation conferences, which were designed to forge connections between wartime science and post-war social science, Heims's richly detailed account explores the dialogues that emerged among a remarkable group that included Wiener, von Neumann, Margaret Mead, Gregory Bateson, Warren McCulloch, Kurt Lewin, Molly Harrower, and Lawrence Kubie. Heims shows how those dialogues shaped ideas in psychology, sociology, anthropology and psychiatry.

Species Intelligibilis: From Perception to Knowledge

Abstract: The main purpose of this book is to offer a comprehensive historical analysis of the discussions on a crucial problem for the early modern theory of knowledge: the formal mediation of sensible reality in intellectual knowledge.

Intellectuals in Exile: Refugee Scholars and the New School for Social Research

Abstract: In the 1930s, with the rise of the Third Reich, thousands of European intellectuals sought refuge in the United States. Through the tireless efforts of Alvin Johnson, director of the New School for Social Research, nearly two hundred of these scholars came to be affiliated with the University in Exile, later known as the Graduate Faculty of Political and Social Science. This book presents an intellectual history of that remarkable group of social and political scientists, documenting their experiences and their influence on both European and American thought. Johnson was one of the first to recognize the need for action to prevent Hitler's destruction of the German intellectual tradition. He sought out many of the best European scholars of the day and brought them to the newly created University in Exile in New York. There, the refugees framed as intellectual problems the social and political experiences that had so disrupted their lives and careers. They examined the cultural roots of fascism, the bureaucratization of Western societies, and the prerequisites for a historically and morally informed social science. In the field of economics, the exiles developed theoretical concepts and models that came to be instrumental in the formation of New Deal policies and that remain relevant today.

Conceptualizing Global History

Abstract: An Introduction to Global History (Bruce Mazlish.) The Theory of Global History The Rounding of the Earth: Ecology and Global History (Neva R. Goodwin.) Global History: Historiographical Feasibility and Environmental Reality (Wolf Schfer.) Global History and the Third World (Ralph Buultjens.) From Universal History to Global History (Manfred Kossok.) Global History in a Postmodernist Era? (Bruce Mazlish.) Applied Global History Migration and Its Enemies (Wang Gungwu.) A Globalizing Economy: Some Implications and Consequences (Richard J. Barnet and John Cavanagh.) Human Rights as Global Imperative (Louis Menand III.) The Globalization of Music: Expanding Spheres of Influence (John Joyce.) An Overview On the Prospect of Global History (Raymond Grew.).

The structures of history

Abstract: Introduction. 1. Explaining the History of Economic and Social Structures. 2. A Critical Survey of Structural History Approaches. 3. Methodological Structurism in Historical Explanation. 4. Realism and Structurism as the Foundations for a Science of Structural History. 5. Historical Materialism and Structurism. 6. Realism, Structurism, and History as the Foundations for a Unified and Transformative Science of Society. Conclusion. Notes. Bibliography.

The Curious History of Theorizing about the History of the Western Nuclear Family

Abstract: The history of the family lacks a history. Sociologists and historians rarely cite interpretative literature written before the last third of the twentieth century. Curiously, at least for the discipline of history, recent scholars have seemingly regarded older perceptions as relics of a prescientific past. This foray into intellectual history will demonstrate that ignoring the history of this field also distorts it. My case study considers what is widely regarded as the largest revision in thinking about the history of the family—the complete overthrow of what William J. Goode, the sociologist most credited with its rejection, has derisively called (1970: 6) “the classical family of Western nostalgia.” Kertzer and Hogan (1988: 84) have aptly summarized the chief elements of the interpretation overturned by the revisionists: “Until recently, the popular image of Western family history pictured people as living in large extended family units that had multiple functions. With the advent of industrialization, it was thought, this system was transformed into one characterized by small, nuclear family units having more specialized functions.”

Roll over Beethoven: The Return of Cultural Strife

Abstract: The question of culture has become central for a new generation of scholars raised in a world of television and mass production. At the same time debates about culture have become a point of reference for criticism of current trends in academia and society, variously defended or derided on the grounds of multiculturalism, canonicity, and political correctness. In his re-examination off these debates, Stanley Aronowitz traces the history of the cultural issue in both its British and American manifestations and relates it to the contemporary rethinking of the nature of knowledge and culture. Roll Over Beethoven analyzes topics as diverse as the history of American radicalism, the sociology if science, the impact of the Library of Congress on the organization of knowledge, and the institutionalization of film studies. Aronowitz s account of recent controversies over political correctness reveals that the current culture wars reflect profound differences among scholars over the proper role of the university and the character of legitimate intellectual knowledge. Within this broad reappraisal of the cultural question, which is embedded in the intellectual history of the 20th century, Aronowitz offers an interpretive genealogy of cultural studies that describes both the evolution of the field and the political and social contexts in which it developed. He argues that cultural studies exhibit a tendency toward transgression that is rarely explicit but always present and, at its best, not merely interdisciplinary but anti-disciplinary."

Conditions of their Own Making: An Intellectual History of the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham

Abstract: The focus of this essay is on the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham -- its historical context, its organizational difficulties, its activist aspirations, and the tensions that those who participated in its development perceived between its intellectual and political objectives. Resume: Le but de cet essai est d'analyser le Centre d'etudes culturelles contemporaines de l'Universite de Birmingham--son contexte historique, ses difficultes organisationnelles, ses aspirations activistes, et les tensions que ceux qui ont participe a sa creation ont percues entre ses objectifs intellectuels et politiques.

The idea of history and the history of ideas.

Abstract: Professional nurses understand that the historian's task is to inquire into the issues and ideas of nursing's past, but may not comprehend the nature and methods of historical research. Although historical research is similar to other qualitative methods, the results are usually presented in the form of "story." The story, called the historical narrative, is intended to enlighten the reader but it may disguise the historian's method and mislead the reader into thinking that historical method is either non-existent, simple or non-important. The purpose of this article is to begin a dialogue which will negate the myths that historical method is neither rigorous nor significant and to encourage other nurse historians into articulating, sharing and teaching others "how historians think."

Is Aida an orientalist opera

Abstract: Among the more remarkable events of recent intellectual history is that Edward Said, famous avant-garde literary critic, passionate advocate for the Palestinian cause, has begun to write about music. Moreover, not just about any kind of music, but about classical music in the elite (and canonical) European tradition – the symphonies of Beethoven, the operas of Wagner, the chamber music of Schubert and Brahms. Several years ago Said took over the music column in The Nation magazine, and more recently he has published a book, Musical Elaborations, based on a series of invited lectures at the University of California at Irvine.

American Progressive History: An Experiment in Modernization

Abstract: "American Progressive History" is the first book to relate the story of Progressive history through all its transformations from its emergence in the early 1900s to its demise in the 1940s. Focusing his account on the work of the movement's most important representatives including Charles Beard, James Harvey Robinson, and Carl Becker Ernst Breisach demonstrates that Progressive history is distinguished by its unique combination of beliefs in the objective reality of historical facts and its faith in the inevitability of the progress of the human race. And though he discusses at length Frederick Jackson Turner's contributions to the creation of a modern American historiography, Breisach sets him apart from the scholars who shaped Progressive history. While Progressive history is usually treated in isolation from simultanieous movements in European historiography, Breisach shows how it was formulated in the face of the same cultural pressures confronting European historians. Indeed, it becomes clear that until the 1930s the Progressive historians' confidence in the validity of historical investigation and the progress of civilization shielded American historians from the skepticism and cultural pessimism which characterized many of their European contempories. Breisach's exceptionally broad and subtle analysis reveals American Progressive history to be an important and innovative experiment in the international quest for a New History, as well as a coherent school of thought in its own right."

The rise and fall of the Eugenics empire: recent perspectives on the impact of biomedical thought in modern society

Abstract: In the last decade or so scholars have begun to develop a series of new strategies for understanding and explaining the creation and popularity of biomedical modes of thinking in modern European societies. In a certain sense these strategies are designed to supplement, if not replace, an older form of intellectual history that was content to trace the spread of racist ideas and theories of biological determinism from the founding fathers (Count Arthur de Gobineau, H. S. Chamberlain, and Paul de Lagarde among many others) to the anti-semitic or racist movements they inspired, culminating in the holocaust and the genocide of the I930S and I940s.1 There was a kind of cosmopolitan quality to this history of ideas approach that treated racial ideas as so many interchangeable parts and racists as fanatical but politically effective propagandists. Because their focus was fixed on the pseudoscientific and ideological aspects of their subject, few of these older histories tried to assess mainstream science and medicine for evidence of collusion or resistance to racist ideas; if they did discuss the science of their day it was to document support for aryanism or anti-Semitism in one or another of their nationalist manifestations in pre-war and wartime Europe. Though echoes of the murderous racism of the World War II era are not absent from the work under review, genocide no longer dominates the research agenda of the history of biomedical thought. Historians are now more willing to explore aspects of biological and racial thought that did not end in holocaust, to follow the variations biomedical concepts have taken in different national settings, and to consider the relationship of mainstream science and scientists with pseudoscience and with the zealots who have until recently received the lion's share of attention. As some of these authors wish to demonstrate, a passionate concern with race hygiene and the identification of dangerous human pathologies did not, accordingly, end in I945, but has been subsumed into the logic and practices of the modern welfare state, though in forms more compatible with contemporary sensibility on these matters. Despite the fact that these books are mostly concerned with Great Britain and France in the period I880-I945, there is enough discussion of the United States and Italy to illustrate fully the point that biomedical thinking about the human population and its pathologies flowed in channels dictated by the situation of particular nationstates. There was wide medical and scientific agreement, for instance, about the threat of an inheritable and worsening biological degeneration, but this notion was interpreted uniquely in each national setting, so that, depending on local conditions, experts

Postmodernism and the search for enlightenment

Abstract: Ever since the explosion in relationships of power during the 1960s, the humanities have become a battlefield. What had previously been thought of as merely academic concerns have spilled over academic boundaries and attracted the attention of politicians, government officials, members of the media, and, ultimately, the general public. As a way of addressing this turmoil, Karlis Racevskis considers the legacy of the Enlightenment and re-evaluates modernity's claims for objective knowledge and the traditional model of reason. How relevant, he asks, are the Enlightenment ideals of freedom, democracy and equality in today's attempts to understand society and gauge the prospects for civilisation? What responsibility can or should intellectuals assume in promoting Enlightenment values? What, in the end, constitutes a humanistic education? Drawing largely on the work of Foucault, Racevskis elucidates the philosophical and political problems at issue in the debate and the changes taking place in our ways of seeing ourselves and our relations with others. He shows how the theme of enlightenment has been a central component in the conflicts that have pitted modernists against postmodernists, Marxists against post-Marxists, and liberals against conservatives, and he juxtaposes the arguments in such a way as to place reason and enlightened action in a new perspective. One result of the upheaval, argues Racevskis, is a sense of renewed purpose and intensity in the study of the humanities that constitutes a fundamental reorientation in our ways of understanding society. Viewing the tension between the chaos of current theories and the comfort of traditional values not with horror, but with excitement, he suggests how postmodem criticism can be seen as a dynamic and promising development in the renewal and expansion of the liberal arts. This wide-ranging book should have general appeal across a broad spectrum of disciplines - among them, literature and the arts, philosophy, social and political theory, and intellectual history.

Buffon and the natural history of man: writing history and the 'foundational myth' of anthropology:

Abstract: From the end of the 18th century, the naturalists and then the historians who copied them unanimously hailed Buffon as the founder of anthropology. Today’s historians may not of course accept this joint verdict, but if they do, they face a twin paradox which appears to deny any basis to the title ’founder’. The first element of paradox is located in the source, the Histoire naturelle de l’Homme of 1749, for nothing here, in Buffon’s own text, indicates awareness of any radical innovation or of an explicit project concerning the founding of a new science.

The return of thematic criticism

Abstract: Once it was anathema to speak about the content of a work of art in the wake of high modernism and formalism. Critical practice has moved beyond such limits, and today the focus on themes is the hallmark of feminist, new historicist, ethnic, and even deconstructionist approaches, though that focus may not always be openly declared. This manifesto reasserts the validity of the thematic approach to criticism in our day, bringing together for the first time an international group of critics and theoreticians who have thought deeply about literary motifs and themes. How can we determine the theme of a given text? May the focus on form be the theme of a certain moment? Can the motif be understood as a "formal" category? What operations permit us to say that three or four texts constitute variants of the same theme? The contributors challenge the conventional dismissal of "merely" thematic approaches and offer the reader different ways of tacking the issues of what a piece of writing is "about". The work here comes out of such diverse intellectual traditions as Russian film theory, French phenomenology, Foucault, narratology, the Frankfurt School, intellectual history (Geistesgeschichte), psychoanalytic criticism, linguistics, ideological criticism, Proppian folklore studies, and computerized plot summary models. In addition to a collection of aphorisms from Plato to Robert Coover, and a group of general and theoretical essays, this volume contains examples of practical engagement with such topics as literary history, Shakespeare, autumn poetry, anti-Semitism, fading colours, bachelors, Richard Wagner, and the Mexican Revolution. Contributors include Nancy Armstrong, Claude Bremond, Menachem Brinker, Juan Bruce-Novoa, J.M. Coetzee, Leslie Fielder, Sander L. Gilman, Holger Klein, Harry Levin, Francesco Orlando, Thomas Pavel, David Perkins, Marie-Laure Ryan, Yuri K. Shcheglov, Leon Somville, George Steiner, Raymond Trousson, Michel Vanhelleputte, Lynn Wardley, Theodor Wolpers, Alexander Zholkovsky, and Theodore Ziolkowski.

The Legal Past of Early New England: Notes for the Study of Law, Legal Culture, and Intellectual History

Abstract: Richard Ross is a visiting assistant professor of law at the University of Chicago Law School and a graduate student in history at Yale University. He thanks Stanley Katz and Stanton Wheeler for their help and advice. 1 Two caveats: First, I shall concentrate on the legal history of colonial New England, treating other regions less thoroughly. Second, my working definition of "early American legal history" is somewhat idiosyncratic. I exclude the vast literature on constitutional history, while considering the work of several scholars who neither identify themselves as nor are commonly thought of as "legal historians." 2See, e.g., David Grayson Allen, In English Ways: The Movement of Societies and the Transferal of English Local Law and Custom to Massachusetts Bay in the Seventeenth Century (Chapel Hill, N. C., I98i); Thomas G. Barnes, "Thomas Lechford and the Earliest Lawyering in Massachusetts, I638-i641," in Colonial Society of Massachusetts, Publications, LXII, Law in Colonial Massachusetts, 163 o-I8oo (Boston, I984), 3-38; Barbara A. Black, "Nathaniel Byfield, 1653-1733," ibid., 57-105; W. Hamilton Bryson, "English Common Law in Virginia,"Journal of Legal History, VI (I985), 249-256; David H. Flaherty, "Chief Justice Samuel Sewall, I692-1728," in William Pencak and Wythe W. Holt, Jr., The Law in America, 160o7-1861 (New York, i989), 114-154; Marilyn L. Geiger, The Administration of Justice in Colonial Maryland, 1632-1689 (New York, I987); David Thomas Konig, "'Dale's Laws' and the Non-Common Law Origins of Criminal Justice in Virginia," American Journal of Legal History, XXVI (i 982), 354-375; Deborah A. Rosen, "The Supreme Court ofJudicature of Colonial New York: Civil Practice in Transition, I69qI-1760," Legal History Review, V (I987), 2 13-247; Carole Shammas, "English Inheritance Law and Its Transfer to the Colonies," Am. J. Legal Hist., XXXI (I987), I45-i63Scholars of doctrine and institutions devote less attention these days to what was once the grand project in the field-establishing the relationship between the colonial and the British legal structure and practice. Current work is somewhat more eclectic. Peter Russell, for example, situates the i8th-century history of the Massachusetts Superior Court within a framework of modernization theory, while Michael A. Bellesiles traces the "bottom-up" percolation of legal institutions in early Vermont; Russell, His Majesty's Judges: Provincial Society and the Superior Court in Massachusetts, i692-1774 (New York, I990); Bellesiles, "The Establish-

From the Vienna Circle to Harvard Square: The Americanization of a European World Conception

Abstract: In the rise of modern scientific philosophy, one can distinguish four general periods. Its early phase is part of the intellectual history of 19th-century Austria-Hungary. Second, we find it reaching its self-confident form in the 1920s and early ‘30s, chiefly in the collaborative achievements of the Vienna Circle and its analogous groups in Prague, Berlin, Lwow and Warsaw. Third is the period of its further growth and accommodation during the period roughly from the late 1930s to about 1960, especially in the U.S.A., as mediated largely by the European refugees from fascism. Lastly, the movement’s fate from the 1960s on may be understood as its integration with, or dissolution into, other related modern streams.

The Concept of Public Memory and Its Impact on Archival Public Programming

Abstract: Public or collective memory (which, for the purposes of this essay, we can generally define as the perceptions and uses of the past by the public-including both government and citizens) has, in recent years, become a topic of great interest for American and other historians An interesting collaboration between more traditional intellectual history (the history of ideas), political and institutional history, and social history (the history of the people) that draws on anthropology, sociology, and related disciplines, research in American public memory has now produced some major studies In the last several years three books on this topic have appeared that are important for North American archivists to know about and to consider, especially in their public programs and advocacy work This essay analyzes the implications of these studies for archival work and theory

Freud's Russia: National Identity in the Evolution of Psychoanalysis

Abstract: Freud's lifelong involvement with the Russian national character and culture is examined in James Rice's imaginative combination of history, literary analysis, and psychoanalysis. Freud's Russia opens up the neglected "Eastern Front" of Freud's world--the Russian roots of his parents, colleagues, and patients. He reveals that the psychoanalyst was vitally concerned with the events in Russian history and its nineteenth-century cultural greats. Rice explores how this intense interest contributed to the evolution of psychoanalysis at every critical stage. Freud's mentor Charcot was a physician to the Tsar; his best friends in Paris were gifted Russian doctors; and some of his most valued colleagues (Max Eitingon, Moshe Wulff, Sabina Spielrein, and Lou Andreas-Salome) were also from Russia. These acquaintances intrigued Freud and precipitated his inquiry into the Russian psyche. Rice shows how Freud's major works incorporate elements, overtly and covertly, from his Russia. He describes Freud's most famous case, the Wolf-Man (Sergei Pankeev), and traces how his personality fused, in Freud's imagination, with that of Feodor Dostoevsky. Beyond this, Rice reveals the remarkable influence Dostoevsky had on Freud, surveying Freud's extensive library holdings and sources of biographical information on the Russian novelist. Initially inspired by the Freud-Jung letters that appeared in 1974, Freud's Russia breaks new ground. Its fresh perspective will be of significant interest to psychoanalysts, historians of European culture, biographers of Freud, and students of Dostoevsky in comparative literature. It is a major work in fusing European intellectual history with the founding father of psychoanalysis.

God's Peculiar Peoples: Essays on Political Culture in Nineteenth-Century Canada

Abstract: For the first time, the major essays of distinguished Canadian scholar S.F. Wise are collected in this book. God's Peculiar Peoples will be essential reading for anyone interested in the origins of the political culture of English-speaking Canada and its intellectual history.

Imagined conversations: the relevance of hypertext, pragmatism, and cognitive flexibility theory to the interpretation of “classic texts” in intellectual history

Abstract: What does it mean to understand a “classic text” in the history of social thought? Recent pragmatist arguments in intellectual history suggest that it is a matter of placing the text within some larger context, viewing it from a variety of perspectives, and “using it” to satisfy one’s own interests and purposes. What is the best means to “advanced knowledge acquisition”? Reeent theories of learning in cognitive psychology suggest that we view “ill-structured knowledge domains” as landscapes, to be “criss-crossed” in a variety of directions, from multiple perspectives. Hypertext is a technology for doing both of these things. Quite independently, but sharing a foundation in pragmatism and the later Wittgenstein, each of these disciplines thus encourages further mearch in the development and implementation of hypertext systems for learning. Such research is being carried out in the Hypermedia Laboratory and the Cognitive Flexibility Laboratory at the University of Illinois, with implications for the way hypertext systems are designed and implemented, and the p&lagogical problems to which they are applied. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that copies are not made or distributed for direct comercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requks a fee and/cw specific permission. @1992 ACM O-89791-547-X/92/0011 /0141/ $1.50

Sensory analysis procedures and viewpoints: intellectual history, current debates, future outlooks

Abstract: This paper presents the intellectual history of product testing (sensory analysis). It traces the history from two separate streams; the expert (and expert panelist), and the empiricist (sociologist, followed by experimental psychologist). Sensory analysis in the last decade of the 20th century is host to many of the same intellectual arguments in these two fields as were current a half century ago, or longer, in psychology. What has been absent is a set of worldviews and organizing principles around which the field can grow and mature more rapidly. The paper presents three major organizing subject areas for sensory analysis; individual differences (sensory segmentation), sensory-instrumental analysis (reverse engineering), and cognitive approaches (mixed modeling and optimization of physical and conceptual variables)