Showing papers on "International political economy published in 1998"

The Age of Migration International Population Movements in the Modern World

Abstract: Introduction -- The Migratory Process and the Formation of Ethnic Minorities -- International Migration before 1945 -- Migration to Highly-Developed Countries since 1945 -- The Next Waves: The Globalisation of International Migration -- New Migration in the Asia-Pacific Region -- Migrants and Minorities in the Labour Force -- The Migratory Process: A Comparison of Australia and Germany -- New Ethnic Minorities and Society -- Immigrant Politics -- Conclusion: Migration in the New World Order.

The political economy of dictatorship

Abstract: Acknowledgements Part I. Introduction: 1. The problem 2. The dictator's dilemma Part II. Equilibrium Political Repression: 3. The tinpot and the totalitarian 4. Tyranny and timocracy 5. A more general model Part III. Economics of Autocracy: 6. The economy of dictatorship 7. Redistribution and rent-seeking 8. Apartheid 9. The bureaucratic economy I: the model 10. The bureaucratic economy II: rise and fall Part IV. The Dynamics of Dictatorship: 11. Democracy in the inaction zone 12. Ethnic conflict and nationalism: from expressionism and futurism to kitsch 13. The simple economics of criminal bureaucratic responsibility Part V. Conclusion: 14. The machinery of dictatorship References Indexes.

International Organization and the Study of World Politics

Abstract: A distinct subfield of international relations, IPE, has emerged over the last thirty years, largely in the pages of International Organization IPE began with the study of international political economy, but over time its boundaries have been set more by a series of theoretical debates than by subject matter These debates have been organized around points of contestation between specific research programs, reflecting fundamental differences among the generic theoretical orientations in which these research programs are embedded The fate of specific research programs has depended on their ability to specify cause and effect relationships and to operationalize relevant variables Scholarship in IPE has become more sophisticated both methodologically and theoretically, and many of its insights have been incorporated into policy discussions Past points of contestation, including those between realism and its liberal challengers and between various conceptions of domestic structure and international relations, help us to understand recent debates between rationalism and constructivism

Globalization and the Postcolonial World: The New Political Economy of Development.

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A new handbook of political science

Abstract: The New Handbook of Political Science is an authoritative survey of developments in the discipline compiled by 42 of the most famous political scientists worldwide, analysing progress over the past twenty years and assessing this in the context of historical trends in the field. Discussion of each of the main subdisciplines: political institutions political behaviour comparative politics international relations political theory public policy and administration political economy political methodology breaks down into four sections: an overview of the field analysis from two key perspectives in the field Old and new : an eminent scholar in the field assesses the new developments in the light of older traditions in the discipline International in its scope, systematic in its coverage, A New Handbook of Political Science will become the reference book for political scientists, and those tracking their work, into the next century. This book is intended for university students in political science, from second year undergraduate to postgraduate. Academics lecturing in political science, sociology, law, economics, and philosophy.

Politics and Society Political Diversity and Uniformity in Households as a Theoretical Puzzle

Abstract: The authors resolve a theoretical puzzle that characterizes the political preferences of members of social groups by (a) demonstrating that political homogeneity is a variable to be explained, (b) ...

Gatekeepers of Growth: The International Political Economy of Central Banking in Developing Countries

Abstract: Central banks can shape economic growth, affect income distribution, influence a country's foreign relations and determine the extent of its democracy. This study focuses on central banking in emerging market economies. Surveying the dramatic worldwide trend towards increased central bank independence in the 1990s, the book argues that global forces must be at work. These forces, the book contends, centre on the character of international financial intermediation. Going beyond an explanation of central bank independence, Maxfield posits a general framework for analyzing the impact of different types of international capital flows on the politics of economic policymaking in developing countries. The book suggests that central bank independence in emerging market countries does not spring from law but rather from politics. As long as politicians value them, central banks will enjoy independence. Historical analyses of central banks in Brazil, Mexico, South Korea and Thailand, and quantitative analyses of a larger sample of developing countries corroborate this investor signalling explanation of broad trends in central bank status.

Capital, State and Space: Contesting the Borderless World

Abstract: The globalization of economic activities and transnational corporations (TNCs) has led us to think that we are entering a ‘borderless’ world. Some prophets of globalization argue that it has led to the end of geography. To them, the state has ceased to be an institution capable of exerting influences on the activities of transnational capital, which has also become increasingly ‘placeless’. This paper aims to contest the issue of the alleged end-state discourse of a ‘borderless’ world. It argues that, despite the accelerated processes of globalization, national boundaries still matter in the decision-making and global reach of capital. The notion of a ‘borderless’ world is more folklore than reality. Based on theoretical and empirical literature in international political economy and business studies, the paper offers a dialectical perspective that examines the changing relationship between capital and the state, and the embedded relationship between capital and space in the organization of the global space-economy. Together, both arguments point to the importance of understanding dynamic transformations of the global economy, before considering its globalization tendencies.

New constitutionalism, democratisation and global political economy∗

Abstract: Constitutional revision is a feature of the 1990s. Specifically, this involves initiatives to politically ‘lock in’ neo‐liberal reforms. These initiatives serve to secure investor freedoms and property rights for transnational enterprises. Yet students of international political economy have paid surprisingly little attention to the constitutional aspects of global restructuring. Thus this essay analyses the new constitutionalism of disciplinary neo‐liberalism, understood as the discourse of governance that informs this pattern of change. It is reflected in the World Bank's World Development Report 1997: The State in a Changing World. New constitutionalism operates to confer privileged rights of citizenship and representation to corporate capital and large investors. What is emerging within state forms (state & endash civil society complexes) is a pattern of authority in which capital has greater weight and representation, restraining the democratisation process that has involved centuries of struggle for...

International Law and International Relations Theory: A New Generation of Interdisciplinary Scholarship

Abstract: Nine years ago, Kenneth Abbott published an article exhorting international lawyers to read and master regime theory, arguing that it had multiple uses for the study of international law. 1 He went as far as to call for a "joint discipline" that would bridge the gap between international relations theory (IR) and international law (IL). Several years later, one of us followed suit with an article mapping the history of the two fields and setting forth an agenda forjoint research. 2 Since then, political scientists and international lawyers have been reading and drawing on one another's work with increasing frequency and for a wide range of purposes. 3 Explicitly interdisciplinary articles have won the Francis Deik Prize, awarded for the best work by a younger scholar in this Journal, for the past two years running; 4 the publication of an interdisciplinary analysis of treaty law in the Harvard International Law Journal prompted a lively exchange on the need to pay attention to legal as well as political details; 5 and the Hague Academy of International Law has scheduled a short course on international law and international relations for its millennial lectures in the year 2000. Further, the American Society of International Law and the Academic Council on the United Nations System sponsor joint summer workshops explicitly designed to bring young IR and IL scholars together to explore the overlap between their disciplines.

Realism in International Relations and International Political Economy: The Continuing Story of a Death Foretold

Abstract: Realism in International Relations and International Political Economy : the continuing story of a death foretold

Mad Money: When Markets Outgrow Governments

Abstract: One of the founders of the field of international political economy addresses the reasons for the volatility of global markets in recent years

Open-Economy Politics: The Political Economy of the World Coffee Trade

Abstract: Coffee is traded in one of the few international markets ever subject to effective political regulation. In Open-Economy Politics, Robert Bates explores the origins, the operations, and the collapse of the International Coffee Organization, an international "government of coffee" that was formed in the 1960s. In so doing, he addresses key issues in international political economy and comparative politics, and analyzes the creation of political institutions and their impact on markets. Drawing upon field work in East Africa, Colombia, and Brazil, Bates explores the domestic sources of international politics within a unique theoretical framework that blends game theoretic and more established approaches to the study of politics. The book will appeal to those interested in international political economy, comparative politics, and the political economy of development, especially in Latin America and Africa, and to readers wanting to learn more about the economic and political realities that underlie the coffee market. It is also must reading for those interested in "the new institutionalism" and modern political economy.

International Relations in a Constructed World

Abstract: Explores the application of constructivist theory to international relations. The text examines the relevance of constructivism for empirical research, focusing on some of the key issues of contemporary international politics: ethnic and national identity; gender; and political economy.

Economic Calculation: The Austrian Contribution to Political Economy

Abstract: The author argues that economic calculation is the most important contribution of the Austrian school.

MORE THAN A RESPONSE TO ISLAMISM: THE POLITICAL DELIBERALIZATION OF EGYPT IN THE 1990s

Abstract: Since the early 1990s, Egypt has experienced a substantial degree of political deliberalization which defies the notion of a blocked transition to democracy. Repressive amendments to the penal code and to legislation governing professional syndicates and trade unions as well as unprecedented electoralfraud are only some of the indicators. Though related to the conflict between the regime and armed Islamist groups, the erosion of political participation and liberties also reflects other factors, including attempts to contain opposition to economic liberalization under the current reform program.

Capital unbound? The transformation of European corporate governance

Abstract: This article represents a first attempt to analyse the forces at work in the transformation of European corporate space, at both the national and supranational levels. In doing so, it consciously combines a comparative with an international political economy perspective and argues against analyses which minimize the role of domestic institutions and understand the contemporary transformation of European capitalism solely in terms of globalization-driven, neo-liberal convergence. After discussing the existing variety of Europe's national capitalisms, we argue that a number of mechanisms are inducing change- competitive pressures on producers; the liberalization and integration of financial markets; the growing role of international actors; and the equally potent role of non-economic domestic actors in internalizing external pressures. We analyse their effects in three critical areas: corporate governance, especially in terms of the balance of power between 'stakeholders' and shareholders; the relationship ...

Political Science: The Discipline

Abstract: The paper reviews the general development of Political Science as a discipline over the past 20 years. It takes as its point of departure the last most important account as presented by Greenstein and Polsby (1975) in their Handbook of Political Science. The analysis provides evidence of a professional maturation of Political Science. On the one side one can observe increasing differentiation and specialization. On the other side, however, there is increasing integration across all the separate subdisciplines. This is due to an increas­ ingly shared intellectual agenda across most of the subdisciplines. Thus, theoretical innovations travel more easily across subdisciplinary boundaries. Today rational choice (and new institu­ tionalism) has carved out a predominant role for itself but the insights of the behavioral revolu­ tion arc not lost. The general picture is a happy one of a fractious discipline of enterprising scholars constantly looking over the fences that used to separate subdisciplines. These conclusions reflect insights gained while editing the New Handbook of Political Science (Oxford University Press 1996) and reading the 34 chapters upon which it is based.

The Political Economy of the New Deal

Abstract: Contents: Preface Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. A Concise History of the Great Depression 3. The Farm Crisis and Rural Relief 4. The First New Deal 5. The Second New Deal 6. Did the New Dealers Respond to Economic Need? 7. Politics and Patterns of New Deal Spending 8. The Political Economy of the New Deal 9. Summary and Conclusions References Index

New models for new labour: The political economy of labour party support, January 1992-April 1997

Abstract: This article uses newly available British time-series data to analyze dynamic interrelationships among Labour vote intentions, perceptions that the Labour leader would make the best prime minister, and Labour party identification. Error-correction models reveal that best prime minister perceptions and party identification have important short- and long-run influences on vote intentions. Tests of rival models indicate that personal economic expectations outperform other economic evaluations in the vote intention and party identification analyses. National retrospective judgments perform well in analyses of best prime minister perceptions, and emotional reactions to economic conditions significantly influence these perceptions as well as party identification.

Open-Economy Politics: The Political Economy of the World Coffee Trade

Abstract: Open-Economy Politics: The Political Economy of the World Coffee Trade. Robert H. Bates. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997.221 pp.

Classical liberalism and international economic order

Abstract: 1. Introduction Section I: The Foundations Of Classical Liberalism2. What Is Classical Liberalism? 3. The International Political Economy Of David Hume And Adam Smith: Commercial Openness, Institutional Change And Unilateral Free Trade Section II: American Excursions: Knight And Viner 4. The Political Economy Of Frank Knight: Classical Liberalism From Chicago 5. Jacob Viner As Historian Of Ideas And International Political Economist Section III: German Neoliberalism: Eucken, Bohm, Ropke 6. Ordoliberalism And The Social Market: Classical Liberalism From Germany 7. The International Political Economy Of Wilhelm Ropke: Liberalism "From Below" Section IV: Constitutionalism And International Political Economy: Tumlir 8. Jan Tumlir: Democratic Constitutionalism And International Economic Order Section V: Conclusion 9. Classical Liberalism And International Economic Order: A Synthesis

The developmental state: Israel, South Korea, and Taiwan compared

Abstract: The growth performances of the Israeli economy during the years 1948–1973 were excellent by any criteria, and are comparable to the “miraculous” performances of South Korea and Taiwan. Excellent economic performances in the three countries were accompanied by the presence of an autonomous and an interventionist state as well as by strategies of governed development (in the spheres of finance, investment, and international trade). The comparison is used, to shed new light on the Israeli political economy as well as on the replicability of the developmental state model across regions, cultures, and political regimes. First, by comparing the three countries and pointing to the similarities in the role and autonomy of the state, the article offers a different interpretation of the Israeli economy from that offered by both neoclassical and neomarxist interpretations of the Israeli political economy. Second, successful cases of develoment are rare in our world; this should make the study of the Israeli political economy a valuable case-study for the proponents of the developmental state model. By pointing out the similarities in the growth performances and the developmental strategies of Israel, Taiwan, and South Korea, as well as the dissimilarities in their political regimes, their cultural traditions, and their regional settings, this article further strengthens the arguments in favor of state-guided economic development in developing countries.

Have globalization and liberalization “normalized” Israel's political economy?

Abstract: In his 1960 study The Israel Economy: The First Decade, the distinguished economist Don Patinkin complained bitterly that Israel's political leaders acted as if they could defy the laws of economics. The government consistently spent far more than it raised in taxes, just as the economy as a whole consumed more, especially in imports, than it could ever pay for. Patinkin believed that policymakers would be forced to adopt more market-conforming policies, but he was mistaken. So long as the leaders of the country could exploit Jewishness and geopolitics to mobilize loans and gifts from abroad, they did not need to heed the dictates of the market. Rationalized by its goals of building and defending the precarious new state and attracting and retaining Jewish immigrants, the government's "profligacy" had a remarkably long life. During roughly the first four decades of Israel's existence there was a durable and almost wall-to-wall policy consensus among policymakers in Israel regarding the indispensability of open, organized, and subsidized Jewish immigration; the need for the state to underwrite the economic security of all Jewish citizens and to "close gaps" between different Jewish ethnic groups; the necessity to meet Israel's defense "imperatives" irrespective of economic considerations; and the desirability of the state playing an active developmental role in the economy. Over the past 10-15 years these four consensual pillars, especially the last, have for the first time been confronted by a comprehensive and vigorously articulated alternative: the (neo) liberal view which glorifies individual acquisitiveness and views the state as an impediment to the workings of the market economy, a conviction hitherto voiced only by economists or by disaffected businessmen lacking the right connections. Both of Israel's two major political parties are now committed to reducing the economic

The Political Economy of Technological Change: Resistance and Innovation in Economic History

Abstract: 1 Introduction If technology is one of the prime movers of economic growth, how exactly are technological decisions made? A technological decision is taken whenever a new technique is proffered, and firms have to decide whether to adopt it or not. It might seem that in the vast majority of cases this decision is trivial: if the new technique increases efficiency and profits it will be adopted, otherwise it will not. But historically speaking, few economies have ever left these decisions entirely to the decentralized decision-making processes of competitive firms. There usually is, at some level, an non-market institution that has to approve, license, or provide some other imprimatur without which firms cannot change their production method. The market test by itself is not always enough. In the past, it almost never was. Much as economists might perhaps deplore the fact, therefore, the acceptance of innovation is more than an economic phenomenon, and certainly far more than a pure advance in productive knowledge. The concept of competition remains central here, but it is not so much the neoclassical concept of price competition of firms in the marketplace as much as Schumpeter's concept of competition between different techniques struggling to be adopted by existing firms or between different final products slugging it out over the consumer's preferences. At times individual techniques may be identified with a firm, but often techniques struggle for adoption within a single organization. How are these decisions made? Could it be that even when a new and superior technology is made available at zero marginal costs, the economy to which it is proposed may choose to reject it? New technologies have failed and opportunities have been missed despite their ostensible economic superiority. The idea that seemingly superior inventions are spurned or rejected is hardly new. In 1679, William Petty wrote that Although the inventor often times drunk with the opinion of his own merit, thinks all the world will invade and incroach upon him, yet I have observed that the generality of men will scarce be hired to make use of new practices, which themselves have not been thoroughly tried... for as when a new invention is first propounded, in the beginning every man objects, and the poor inventor runs the gantloop of all petulent wits...not one [inventor] of a hundred outlives this torture... and moreover, this commonly is so long a doing that the poor inventor …

Political economy in security studies after the cold war

Abstract: In contemporary International Relations theory, there exists a sharp distinction between international political economy and security studies However, this is largely a false distinction, a product of peculiar circumstances associated with the cold war, and one which is becoming increasingly anachronistic in the post-cold war era In order to understand international relations in this era, a reintegration of the discipline is necessary This article considers three sets of issue areas in which appeals to themes normally associated with political economy are necessary to understand national security concerns It explains how the cold war temporarily allowed the salience of these issues to recede, and why they are likely to be of increasing importance in contemporary international politics It concludes with a brief survey of how these influences are likely to affect the national security of a variety of states in the coming years