Showing papers on "Lepidoptera genitalia published in 1972"

Morphology of the female terminalia in lepidoptera, and its taxonomic significance

Abstract: In the phylogenetic classification of the Lepidoptera, the position of the genital opening and its modifications help to clarify the relationship of the Zeugloptera to the lepidopterous suborders. Three different systems of the suborder classification of the Lepidoptera, into Homoneura and Heteroneura (Tillyard, Imms, etc.), Monotrysia and Ditrysia (Borner), and Dacnonypha, Monotrysia, and Ditrysia (Hinton), are not supported by evidence obtained in the study of the female genitalia.The development of the female terminalia is closely associated with the mode of oviposition. Several types of female terminalia are found in the primitive Lepidoptera (Hepialidae, Neopseustidae, Tischeriidae, Lyonetiidae, Agathiphagidae, Tineidae, Nepticulidae, and Eriocraniidae). They are divided into four categories: hepialid type — the eggs are dropped randomly; typical lepidopterous type — the eggs are laid on the surface of food plants; eriocraniid type — the eggs are laid inside the food plants; tineid type — the eggs are laid in crevices of food. Each of the types is derivable from the types occurring in Neopseustidae, Tischeriidae, Agathiphagidae, and Eriocraniidae, respectively. These types are still far removed from the type of female terminalia in Micropterygidae of the Zeugloptera.The modes of egg-laying as well as the morphological characters of the female genitalia must be taken into consideration in suborder classification of the Lepidoptera.A genealogical tree based on the female terminalia suggests four main branches: hepialid branch — includes Neopseustidae and Prototheoridae; typical lepidopterous branch — includes all Ditrysia and Nepticulidae; tineid branch — includes only Tineidae; eriocraniid branch — includes Incurvariidae, Prodoxidae, Adelidae, and Heliozelidae.

Identification of a Sex Pheromone of the Female Beet Armyworm, Spodoptera exigua,

Abstract: A sex pheromone, isolated from female beet armyworms, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was identified as cis-9,trans-12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate.

American species of Dioryctria (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). III. Grouping of species: species of the auranticella group, including the Asian species, with the description of a new species.

Abstract: Seven species groups of Dioryctria are defined on a combination of external and genital characters. Three American species, Dioryctria rossi Munroe, D. auranticella (Grote) and D. disclusa Heinrich, are referred to the auranticella group. Four Asiatic species are also referred to this group. These are D. okui Mutuura, D. castanea Bradley, D. pryeri Ragonot (= Salebria laruata Heinrich), and D. yiai n. sp. All the species feed on conifers. All except D. okui feed on pine, either cones or shoots, or both; D. okui eats the foliage of spruce.

Sex Pheromones of Lepidoptera. XXXII. Disruption of Intraspecific Pheromone Communication in Various Species of Lepidoptera by Permeation of the Air with Looplure or Hexalure

Abstract: Experiments were conducted with 10 species representing 4 families of Lepidoptera to evaluate looplure ((Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate, the sex pheromone of Trichoplusia ni (Hubner)) and hexalure ((Z)-7-hexadecen-1-ol acetate, an attractant for males of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders)) as agents for the disruption of sex pheromone communication. The species studied were: family Noctuidae— T. ni, Pseudoplusia includens Walker, Autographa californica (Speyer), Heliothis zea (Boddie), H. virescens (F.), Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) and S. ornithogalli Guenee; family Lyonetiidae— Bucculatrix thurberiella Busck; family Tortricidae— Platynota stultana Walsingham: and family Gelechiidae—P. gossypiella. Males of T. ni, A. californica , and P. includens were completely prevented from orienting to their respective pheromone releasing females in field plots containing high levels of looplure. Under these conditions, a high percentage of disruption of intraspecific pheromone communication also occurred between males and females of H. zea, H. virescens, S. ornithogalli , and P. gossypiella . Similarly, when hexalure was released into the atomsphere, a disruption of communication between males and females of several of these species was obtained.

Infection of Nuclear-Polyhedrosis Virus in Armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta HAWORTH (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae), Reared at a High Temperature

Abstract: When the larvae of Aeudaletia unipuncta were reared at 370C after exposure to a nuclearpolyhedrosis virus, either by per os or by intrahemocoelic inoculation, they did not succumb to virus infection. Histopathologically, however, a small nurnber of cells of the fat body, hypodermis and trachea were infected with virus and contained virus particles but no polyhedra. Autoradiographic results revealed that viral DNA synthesis occurred in a few cclls of virus-exposed larvae held at 37eC, but the polyhedron-protein synthesis did not occur. These results indicated that high temperature (37eC) may prevent the lethal infection of

Interspecific Attraction in Lepidoptera in the Field

Abstract: Field tests were conducted to investigate interspecific attraction among lepidopterous species. In addition to attracting males of their own species, females of each species tested also attracted males of other species, some transcending superfamily lines. Female Indian meal moths, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), and almond moths, Cadra cautella (Walker) (family Pyralidae) were attractive to male lesser cornstalk borers, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller) (also Pyralidae) in addition to male beet army worms, Spodoptcra exigua (Hubner), and to male Heliophana mitis (Grote), both Noctuidae. Beet armyworm and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), females were attractive to lesser cornstalk borer and H. mitis males.

Sexual Selection and Dimorphism in Female Tiger Swallowtails, Papilio glaucus L. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) : a Reappraisal

Abstract: Female Papilio glaucus L. may be either black or yellow, whereas males are monomorphic yellow. The black females are Batesian mimics of the pipevine swallowtail, Battus philenor L., and they predominate where the model is common. Quantitative measurements were made of the insemination frequency, egg production, and relative age of both black and yellow females. The results showed no significant differences between the 2 morphs, suggesting that preferential mating of yellow females and longevity of black morphs are not factors in maintaining the dimorphism. The persistence of the black morph in areas where the model is rare or absent may indicate gene flow from other populations or the existence of positive selective value associated with melanism other than mimicry. The problem of sexual selection is discussed with respect to the characteristics of courtship in Lepidoptera.