Showing papers on "Mass action law published in 1995"
TL;DR: It is shown that the two models widely used to describe micelle formation, namely the Phase Separation and the Mass Action Models, can be generalised to include surfactant salts having different stoichiometries.
71 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a model based on the mass action law for the prediction of multicomponent ion exchange equilibria is developed by assuming ideal behavior for both the solution and the solid phase, and the existence of a distribution of functional groups with different adsorption energies (and then equilibrium constants).
Abstract: A model based on the mass action law for the prediction of multicomponent ion exchange equilibria is developed by assuming ideal behavior for both the solution and the solid phase, and the existence of a distribution of functional groups with different adsorption energies (and then equilibrium constants). The reliability of the model, which is characterized by two parameters for each binary system, is tested by comparison with a remarkably large set of literature experimental data. It is shown that ion exchange equilibria in systems involving a total number of N c counterions can be predicted from the knowledge of the experimental behavior of only (N c - 1) binary systems, thus in agreement with the so-called triangle rule. This greatly reduces the experimental and modeling effort needed to develop a multicomponent model with respect to other approaches which require the investigation of all possible pairs of counterions present in the system, i.e., N c (N c - 1)/2 binary systems.
42 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the exciton and free carrier populations dynamics in quantum wells by low temperature time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy and demonstrated the existence of a thermodynamic equilibrium between excitons and free carriers at each time delay following the excitation.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Hall free carrier concentration of silicon-doped Al0.3Ga0.7As alloys is studied as a function of both temperature and illumination.
Abstract: The Hall free carrier concentration of silicon-doped Al0.3Ga0.7As alloys is studied as a function of both temperature and illumination. Different thermal activation energies were observed for the DX center as a function of silicon concentration. Excitation of the samples using an infra-red source also provided data for better insight into the DX center population. We correlated the incremental free electron photo persistent population with the activation energies obtained from the temperature dependence of the measured Hall concentration. We concluded that large free carrier concentrations can yield perturbations in the lattice potential that may alter the configuration coordinate energy barriers for capture and emission of electrons by and from the DX centers.