Showing papers on "Mineral processing published in 2018"
07 Aug 2018
TL;DR: In this article, a review of heavy metal ion recovery by flotation and the respective mechanism followed, being either ion, precipitate, or sorptive flotation, is presented.
Abstract: Flotation constitutes a separation process that originated from mineral processing. Nowadays, wider applications have been found and compared to flotation for water and wastewater treatment. Stress in the present review paper was mainly applied to heavy metal ions recovery by flotation and the respective mechanism followed, being either ion, precipitate, or sorptive flotation. In the latter case, the use of adsorbents is included (such as powdered activated carbon, zeolites, and goethite), as well as various biosorbents. The flotation of the following metals was reviewed: copper, zinc, nickel, lead, iron, chromium, arsenic, gold, and others. The bubble generation method could be applied for typical dispersed-air flotation column, electroflotation, or dissolved-air flotation; the latter being the most appropriate established technique in water treatment. The role of particle size (for example, studying flotation of salt-type mineral fines) was also examined.
90 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review focused on beneficiation by conventional mineral processing techniques and also more energy intensive processes involving heating (roasting) or leaching is presented, where the aim of roasting is to transform minerals like hematite and goethite to magnetite or metallic iron.
39 citations
TL;DR: The problem of fine particles processing has become important both in mineral processing and also for water and wastewater engineering as discussed by the authors, and it is accepted that the bubble-particle collection efficiency increases with decreasing bubble size.
Abstract: The problem of fine particles processing has become important both in mineral processing and also for water and wastewater engineering. It is accepted, on the other hand, that the bubble–particle collection efficiency increases with decreasing bubble size. A decrease in bubble size can be obtained using different methods (dispersed-air, where electroflotation is included, and/or dissolved-air flotation), as discussed. Following an introduction of the subject, older Laboratory results are presented in this review paper (based on 4 decades of experience), explaining the above, giving further ideas and possibly, assisting the future researchers in the area. Examples given are: separation of fine mineral particles (such as pyrite and magnesite), and of metal ions (as chromium, arsenic, copper, zinc, germanium and so on); among the various available techniques, mention is given to ion, precipitate, adsorbing colloid, sorptive and biosorptive flotation - including certain comparisons for the same application. Attention on the metal ion flotation application deserves further study and work, mainly for selective removal.
39 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the adsorption mechanism of the principal depressants used in oxide ore flotation was investigated on chamosite (chlorite group), diopside (pyroxene group) and epidote.
36 citations
31 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the microwave heating of two ultramafic nickel ores was explored, as well as effects on mineralogy and grindability, and the results showed that the hardness of these ores improved with microwave treatment.
Abstract: Ultramafic nickel ores are difficult to process because they contain serpentine, an anisotropic mineral with a nonspherical morphology and multiple pH-dependent surface charges. Dehydroxylation of serpentine in ultramafic nickel ores by microwave treatment is proposed to improve the processability of these ores. Upon heating, serpentine is converted to olivine, an isotropic mineral that is benign in mineral processing circuits. The microwave heating of two ultramafic nickel ores is explored in this paper, as well as effects on mineralogy and grindability. The first ore was sourced from the Okanogan nickel deposit in Washington State, USA, while the second ore was obtained from the Vale-owned Pipe deposit located in the Thomson Nickel Belt in Manitoba, Canada. The ultramafic nickel ores were found to heat well upon exposure to microwave radiation and the heating behaviors were a function of the imaginary permittivities. The temperatures achieved during microwave treatment were sufficient to dehydroxylate serpentine, and the serpentine content in ultramafic nickel ores was reduced by 63–84%. The grindability of ore with consistent texture (OK ore) improved dramatically with microwave treatment, whereas the grindability of ore with inconsistent texture (Pipe ore) was found to decrease. Pentlandite liberation and specific surface area improved for both ores with microwave treatment. Ultimately, microwave pretreatment did not decrease the energy required for grinding under the conditions studied. However, energy savings may be realized when overall process improvements are considered (e.g., grinding, rheology, flotation, material handling, dewatering and tailings treatment).
22 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new method called Association Indicator Matrix (AIM) established based on co-occurrence matrix was introduced to quantify the mineral association of ore texture and its progeny particles.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an advanced gravity separators for super fine particles were introduced for the cleaning process based on the slight difference in the specific gravity of scheelite, wolframite, and cassiterite.
Abstract: Pb–BHA complexes have been shown to be selective for the separation of tungsten and cassiterite minerals from calcium minerals. These minerals could be enriched synchronously to some extent using Pb–BHA complexes flotation. However, it is difficult to further improve the quality and recovery of the scheelite, wolframite, and cassiterite concentrate due to their different behavior in flotation, such as flotation rate and sensitivities to depressants. Moreover, the super fine particles create some challenges for the cleaning flotation process. In this study, advanced gravity separators for super fine particles were introduced for the cleaning process based on the slight difference in the specific gravity of scheelite, wolframite, and cassiterite. The new process featured pre-enrichment using Pb–BHA flotation, and upgrading using gravity separation, taking into account both the similarities and differences in floatability and density of the different minerals. The grades of WO3 and Sn in the concentrate of the new process reached to 61% and 2.89%, respectively, and the recovery of Sn was significantly improved. In addition, gravity separation is highly efficient, cost effective, and chemical-free, which is environmentally friendly. This study has proven that physical separation can be used for the purification of flotation products and provide some solutions for separation problems of complex refractory ores, which has, up until now, been rarely reported in the literature and/or applied in mineral processing.
14 citations
TL;DR: Energy neutral mineral processing is the extraction of unconventional uranium during primary ore processing to use it, after enrichment and fuel production, to generate greenhouse gas lean energy in a nuclear reactor.
Abstract: A number of primary ores such as phosphate rock, gold-, copper- and rare earth ores contain considerable amounts of accompanying uranium and other critical materials. Energy neutral mineral processing is the extraction of unconventional uranium during primary ore processing to use it, after enrichment and fuel production, to generate greenhouse gas lean energy in a nuclear reactor. Energy neutrality is reached if the energy produced from the extracted uranium is equal to or larger than the energy required for primary ore processing, uranium extraction, -conversion, -enrichment and -fuel production. This work discusses the sustainability of energy neutral mineral processing and provides an overview of the current progress of a multinational research project on that topic conducted under the umbrella of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental methodology to study grinding media consumption is proposed, following a geometallurgical approach, which was applied on three Chilean copper sulfide ores to show the kind of results that can be achieved.
12 citations
TL;DR: It is difficult to obtain high-grade concentrates for layered minerals, such as graphite, by mineral processing due to the existence of impurities between interlayers as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: In this article, the major ions affecting flotation performance of a complex Cu-Zn ore were determined to be Ca2+, Cu2+ and S2O32−.
23 Apr 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the kinetics of dissolution of a Nigerian Columbite mineral in sulphuric acid solution for improved industrial applications were examined and the effects of acid concentration, reaction temperature and particle size on the ore dissolution rate were examined.
Abstract: Due to increasing technological advancements, the demand for pure niobium products emanated from columbite ore processing has led to the wide array of its application in capacitors, nuclear uses, superconducting RF cavities, an electromagnetic radiation detector, medical devices, and aerospace among others. Therefore, this paper focuses on the kinetics of dissolution of a Nigerian Columbite mineral in sulphuric acid solution for improved industrial applications. The effects of acid concentration, reaction temperature and particle size on the ore dissolution rate were examined. Experimental results showed that the ore dissolution increases with increasing acid concentration and temperature and decreases with increasing particle size fraction. With 2 mol/L H 2 SO 4 solution, 60.2% of the ore dissolved within 120 minutes using <90µm particle size at a temperature of 75°C with moderate stirring (300 rpm). The unleached products were analyzed and found to contain siliceous compounds applicable as industrial by-products. The calculated activation energy (Ea) deduced to be 30.3 kJ/mol supported the proposed diffusion reaction mechanism for the first order dissolution process with a collision factor of 0.12 per minute. Hence, the dissolution data obtained in this study is an indication of thermodynamic feasibility for Nigeria Columbite ore fitness in improving science and technology for economic growth and development.
TL;DR: In this paper, a data reconciliation method that combines material balancing calculations and mineral stoichiometric information to estimate balanced mineral composition, chemical assays and flow rates in various streams of a mineral processing plant is presented.
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of various crushing techniques on the particle-size distribution and selectivity of dissociation of basic mineral components in the composition of Dalnegorsk complex ore under pretreatment is investigated.
Abstract: Under consideration is the influence of various crushing techniques on the particle-size distribution and selectivity of dissociation of basic mineral components in the composition of Dalnegorsk complex ore under pretreatment. Distribution of basic elements per size grades is determined in crushing feed and in products of magnetic separation and flotation. Conditions of preparation and separation of disintegration products are described. The authors illustrate the change in the dissociation selectivity criterion in jaw crushing and in disintegration in a press to prepare different-size ore for processing by magnetic separation and flotation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of green mining of low-sulphide ores from pegmatites, such as Li2O-rich ores, is investigated in the context of the flexible and mobile economic processing technologies (FAME) project.
Abstract: . Across Europe, small scale deposits of critical materials
and/or strategic elements, such as W, Li and Sn, are not viable to mine and process using the traditional
large scale mining and processing technologies due to their geological
characteristics. Project FAME (Flexible And Mobile Economic Processing
Technologies, EC Horizon 2020 Grant Agreement No. 641650) was created in
order to specifically address the technical and environmental challenges to
the sustainable processing of low sulphide ores from pegmatites, greisens
and skarns deposits. One of the deposits, Alvarroes-Goncalo, is a Li
pegmatite located at the Goncalo pegmatite field (Central Portugal) that
is being investigated on the scope of the concerned project. Currently, the
pegmatites are only being exploited for ceramics, aggregates and ornamental
purposes, however, there is exploitation potential for Li2O -rich ores.
Froth flotation is being tested to produce a lepidolite concentrate. Results
showed the feasibility to obtain a Li2O grade adequate for the
metallurgical production of lithium compounds as Li2CO3 . The
lepidolite flotation rejects, normally stored in tailings dumps, are mainly
composed by a mixture of feldspars, quartz and non-recovered lepidolite
(though a very low content), which is, by itself, a very interesting raw
material for ceramic purposes. Consequently, mining exploitation of
lepidolite, as Li2O ore, from pegmatite could comply with the standards
of “green mining”, reaching an almost “zero waste” exploitation, as it
can be accomplished in the case of the mineral processing of the
Alvarroes-Goncalo lithium ore. This basic scenario could be improved
by applying froth flotation also for feldspars/quartz separation, aiming at
obtaining a high content feldspars concentrate (floated) and a quartz
product (non-floated): the feldspars concentrate can be used to produce
blends with different ratios feldspars/quartz for sanitary ware and tiles
and quartz for other uses, such as glasses and “silica flour”.
Patent•
06 Jul 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, an ilmenite-containing lmenite separation beneficiation method was proposed for the field of mineral processing, which has the advantages of high titanium recovery rate, high iron recovery rate and simple process structure and high production efficiency.
Abstract: The invention relates to an ilmenite-containing ilmenite separation beneficiation method, and belongs to the field of mineral processing. The ilmenite-containing ilmenite separation beneficiation method comprises the following process steps that strong magnetic pre-selection is carried out on the titanium-containing hematite powder under the condition of the magnetic field intensity of 5000 Gs-13000 Gs, so as to obtain the titanium-iron mixed coarse concentrate; the titanium-iron mixed crude concentrate is roasted in a reducing atmosphere, wherein the roasting temperature is 500-620 DEG C, sothat the weakly-magnetic hematite is subjected to a reduction reaction to be converted into strong magnetic iron ore; cooling and grinding is carried out; and weak magnetic separation is carried out on the ground product under the condition that the magnetic field intensity is 750-1600 Gs, and the weak magnetic separation concentrate and the tailings are obtained. The method has the advantages ofhigh titanium recovery rate, high iron recovery rate, simple process structure and high production efficiency; and the comprehensive cost is low, the economical efficiency is good, the environment isprotected, the pollution is avoided, and the resources can be efficiently utilized, and the like.
Patent•
14 Sep 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, a suspension state oxidation reduction roasting-acid leaching dephosphorizing method of high-phosphorus iron ore is proposed, which is suitable for the highphosphorous refractory iron ore which cannot be processed by a conventional mineral processing method and is quite fine in disseminated grain size and complex in symbiotic relationship, and iron ore resources can be fully utilized.
Abstract: The invention provides a suspension state oxidation reduction roasting-acid leaching dephosphorizing method of a high-phosphorus iron ore. The suspension state oxidation reduction roasting-acid leaching dephosphorizing method comprises the steps that the high-phosphorus iron ore is crushed and ground to obtain ore powder; then the ore powder is placed in a heating chamber of a suspension roastingfurnace for pre-oxidation roasting and then is subjected to reduction magnetizing roasting in a reduction chamber, then magnetic concentrate is obtained through cooling, ore grinding and low-intensitymagnetic separation technologies, finally, the magnetic concentrate is subjected to acid leaching dephosphorizing and water washing, and iron ore concentrate with the iron grade being higher than 63%, the iron recovery ratio being higher than 85% and the phosphorus content being lower than 0.2 wt% is obtained. The suspension state oxidation reduction roasting-acid leaching dephosphorizing methodis suitable for the high-phosphorus refractory iron ore which cannot be processed by a conventional mineral processing method and is quite fine in disseminated grain size and complex in symbiotic relationship, and iron ore resources can be fully utilized.
Patent•
21 Dec 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provided a mineral processing technology of potash feldspar, which is related to the technical field of the mineral processing technologies, and the technology procedure is simple, the operation is convenient, production water generated in the technology is recycled, the water consumption is saved and environmental resources are protected.
Abstract: The invention provides a mineral processing technology of potash feldspar, and relates to the technical field of the mineral processing technology. The mineral processing technology of the potash feldspar comprises the following steps of (1) crushing, (2) ore grinding, (3) desliming, (4) magnetic separation, (5) flotation, (6) acid pickling of potash feldspar fine powder, (7) flushing washing of the potash feldspar and (8) drying. According to the mineral processing technology of the potash feldspar, the final fine powder is obtained from raw ores, the recovery rate reaches more than 90%, thetechnology procedure is simple, the operation is convenient, production water generated in the technology is recycled, the water consumption is saved, and environmental resources are protected.
Patent•
29 May 2018
TL;DR: In this article, a quality grading mineral processing technology for shaft calcined ore is described, which comprises the following steps: step 1, crushing calcined material with the granularity of +15 mm to -100 mm by means of a jaw crusher or a roll crushing mill, and performing drying and dispersion.
Abstract: The invention discloses a quality grading mineral processing technology for shaft calcined ore. The quality grading mineral processing technology comprises the following steps: step 1, crushing the shaft calcined ore with the granularity of +15 mm to -100 mm to obtain the granularity of 5 mm below by means of a jaw crusher or a roll crushing mill, and performing drying and dispersion; step 2, performing first-stage drying on the calcined ore with the granularity of 5 mm below in the step 1 by means of a spiral dry magnetic separator or a planar magnetic suspension dry separator with the fieldintensity of 1,000 Oe; thirdly, performing second-stage drying on tailings obtained in step 2 by means of a spiral dry magnetic separator or a planar magnetic suspension dry separator with high fieldintensity of 3,000 Oe; fourthly, feeding burned raw ore which is not reduced completely in step 3 into a mines returning rotary kiln for secondary calcination to obtain secondary calcined ore; and fifthly, feeding calcined ore which is completely reduced in step 1 and calcined ore which is completely reduced in step 4 into a wind magnetic dry separation system for dry grinding and dry separation.
Patent•
18 May 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a mineral processing waste rock iron-separation technology, which aims at the condition that the waste rock contains an iron resource and in order to recycle the iron resource of the mine waste rock with low cost, the MWEIR technology is used.
Abstract: The invention relates to a mineral processing waste rock iron-separation technology, aims at the condition that mineral processing waste rock contains iron resource and in order to recycle the iron resource of the mineral processing waste rock with low cost, the mineral processing waste rock iron-separation technology is used. The mineral processing waste rock iron-separation technology includes the steps that (1) the mineral processing waste rock are subjected to high magnetic enrichment to discard most of the waste rock to obtain primary rough concentrate; (2) after the primary rough concentrate are subjected to low magnetic dry separation, the primary rough concentrate are separately subjected to two times of breaking and magnetic separation to discard a portion of waste rock, and materials with higher iron content can be obtained; and (3) after the materials with the higher iron content are subjected to coal-based magnetizing roast by a rotary kiln and then subjected to dry-type magnetic separation and ore grinding and water separation, iron ore concentrate which meets the demand of a blast furnace can be obtained. According to the mineral processing waste rock iron-separationtechnology, the materials with iron content of the mineral processing waste rock can be effectively recycled, and the production cost of the mineral processing waste rock iron separation can be lowered.
05 Nov 2018
TL;DR: In this article, an overview on comprehensive utilization technology of low-grade iron-rich bauxite and Bayer red mud sources is provided, where the high-temperature reduction, smelting and alkaline leaching process is a feasible method to recover iron and alumina from low-quality bauxites and red mud.
Abstract: Bauxite is the main source for alumina production. With the rapid development of iron and steel industry and aluminum industry, high-quality iron ore and bauxite resources become increasingly tense. However, a lot of iron-rich bauxite and Bayer red mud resources have not been timely and effectively recycled, resulting in serious problems of environmental pollution and wastage of resources. The comprehensive utilization of iron-rich bauxite and red mud is still a worldwide problem. The industrial stockpiling is not a fundamental way to solve the problems of ironrich bauxite and red mud. As to the recovery of valuable metals from iron-rich bauxite and red mud, there are a lot of technical and cost problems, which are serious impediments to industrial development. Applying red mud as construction materials like cement, soil ameliorant applications face the problem of Na, Cr, As leaching into the environment. However, the high-temperature reduction, smelting and alkaline leaching process is a feasible method to recover iron and alumina from iron-rich bauxite and red mud. This chapter intends to provide the reader an overview on comprehensive utilization technology of the low-grade iron-rich bauxite and Bayer red mud sources.
01 Jan 2018
18 Mar 2018
TL;DR: The case studies of processing of low grade iron ore fines from iron ore mines, processing of iron ore beneficiation plant tails have been discussed where in the pellet grade concentrate was produced at 87.5 wt% of ROM.
Abstract: The case studies of processing of low grade iron ore fines from iron ore mines, processing of iron ore beneficiation plant tails have been discussed where in the pellet grade concentrate was produced at 87.5 wt% of ROM. This indicated that the low grade mine dumps and plant tailing quantum can be reduced to 25 and 50% area respectively reducing waste management cost, besides generating value earning concentrates and hence is being industrially implemented. Proper characterization of wastes in secondary steel unit and processing has led to increasing the reuse by 50% from base level. Tunnel kiln brick making using clayey wastes from iron ore mines silts from tank beds, reprocessed plant tails and solid wastes from DR plants has led to nil waste sustainable process where all the wastes from mine, mineral processing plant tails and solid wastes from DR Iron plants from Ballari area, Karnataka, India, are used. Key words; Iron ore beneficiation, nil waste process, iron industrie’s waste utilization
TL;DR: In this article, the physical properties and the aggressive action resistance, as well as the effect of suppression agent feed in recycling water on the apatite-nepheline ore flotation performance are tested on a laboratory scale.
Abstract: The methods of deactivation and reclamation of tailings ponds are studied. The engineeringgeological investigations of apatite–nepheline ore flotation tailings in the sites applied with chemicals at ANOF2 processing plant of Apatit Company are carried out. The monitoring of the bonding surface generated by dust suppression agents Alcotact DS1, Dustbind and Floset S44 is performed. The physical properties and the aggressive action resistance, as well as the effect of suppression agent feed in recycling water on the apatite–nepheline ore flotation performance are tested on a laboratory scale. The Dustbind is recommended as the optimal suppression.
Patent•
28 Sep 2018
TL;DR: In this article, a roasting-magnetic-bulk-flotation combined beneficiation method for multi-metal associated tailings after beneficiating iron, and belongs to the field of mineral processing engineering and resource comprehensive recycling.
Abstract: The invention relates to a roasting-magnetic-bulk-flotation combined beneficiation method for multi-metal associated tailings after beneficiating iron, and belongs to the field of mineral processing engineering and resource comprehensive recycling. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out fluidized and magnetic roasting on the multi-metal associated tailings after beneficiating ironunder a reducing atmosphere, and carrying out low intensity magnetic separation on a roasted material to obtain concentrates of low intensity magnetic separation and tailings of low intensity magneticseparation; carrying out fluorite and rare earth bulk flotation on the tailings of low intensity magnetic separation to obtain concentrates of bulk flotation and tailings of bulk flotation, carryingout high intensity magnetic separation on the concentrates of bulk flotation, and carrying out rare earth flotation on concentrates of high intensity magnetic separation to obtain concentrates of rareearth flotation and tailings of rare earth flotation; carrying out fluorite flotation on tailings of high intensity magnetic separation to obtain concentrates of fluorite flotation and tailings of fluorite flotation; and carrying out acid pickling and solid-liquid separation on tailings of bulk flotation to obtain niobium-enriched slag and tailings of acid pickling. By iron concentrates, fluoriteconcentrates, rare earth concentrates and niobium-enriched slag which are obtained finally, multi-metal associated tailing resources after beneficiating iron are comprehensively recycled.
Patent•
07 Dec 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, a special grinding aid for ore crushing is described, which consists of a surfactant, ammonium nitrate, an inorganic salt, a crystal water compound, a coupling agent, isocyanate and amine grafted modified graphene oxide.
Abstract: The invention discloses a special grinding aid for ore crushing, and belongs to the technical field of ore processing. The special grinding aid for ore crushing comprises a surfactant, ammonium nitrate, an inorganic salt, a crystal water compound, a coupling agent, isocyanate and amine grafted modified graphene oxide. A preparation method for the special grinding aid comprises the following stepsof: mixing and pouring the surfactant, the ammonium nitrate, the inorganic salt, the crystal water compound, the coupling agent and the amine grafted modified graphene oxide into a mixer, adding absolute ethyl alcohol with mass 1.0-2.0 times that of the inorganic salt, stirring and mixing for 2-4 hours at a temperature of 10-20 DEG C, and vacuum freeze-drying to obtain a material mixture; and mixing and stirring the material mixture and isocyanate at a temperature of 4-6 DEG C, and discharging to obtain the special grinding aid for ore crushing. The special grinding aid for ore crushing prepared by the technical scheme has excellent grinding efficiency, and has a wide prospect in development of the ore processing technical industry.
TL;DR: In this article, the material composition and process properties of hematite-braunite iron-manganese ore from Yuzhny Khingan deposit of Russian Far East are studied.
Abstract: The material composition and process properties of hematite–braunite iron–manganese ore from Yuzhny Khingan deposit of Russian Far East are studied. The source of manganese in the ore is mostly braunite. The mineralogy and petrography of the ore and products of its processing are characterized. Noble metal minerals are found in the ore; the gold contains platinum and silver admixtures. Producibility of manganese concentrates of 37.85–46.46% Mn grade using the circuit of multi-stage magnetic separation in weak and strong magnetic fields and gravity concentration is experimentally proved.