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Showing papers on "Obstacle avoidance published in 1983"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Familiarity, ease of access, trust, and awareness of benefits and risks to minimize uncertainty, will be important for the sustained support of existing and new technologies.
Abstract: き,障 害 物 を 回 避 し な が ら作 業 を 行 っ た り,対 象 物 に 回 り込 んで作業 を行 うこ とが可能にな る1).ま た 関節 形 ロボッ トでは,腕 の姿勢によ って 自由度 が退化 し, 特定方向の運動が行 えないよ うな特異な状 況が生 まれ るが,冗 長性は この よ うな特異点におけ る自由度 の退 化を補 う効果があ る2). 関節形 ロボ ッ トの冗長性 を考慮 した 運動 につ い て は,機 械技術研究所で 開発 された,人 間の腕 に類似 し た 自由度構成 をもつ7自 由度 ロボッ トMELARMを 対象 とした研究が あ る.そ こでは 人 間 の 腕 の 冗長性 が,肩 と手 首を結 ぶ直線 の 回 りの 肘 の 回転角度 と し て,定 性的に捉え ることがで きることを用 いて,冗 長 性利用 のた めの肘位 置決定 のアル ゴリズムが示 され て いる3).ま た肘 の回転角度が,MELARMの 第3関 節 の角度 に近似的 に一致 す ることを利用して,運 動 を決 定す る方法が開発 され てい る4).こ れ らは人間腕形 の 7自 由度 ロボ ッ トの機 構的特徴を 利 用 し た 手 法で あ り,人 間腕形で ない一般 の ロボ ッ トや,8自 由度以上 の ロボ ッ トには適用で きない.ま た冗長性 を何 らか の 目的 に利用す る場合,一 旦,肘 の運動 として間接 的に 表現 し直す必要 があ る. そ こで,わ れ われ は一般的な構造を有し,任 意 な 自 由度 数をもつ ロボ ッ トの冗長性を利用す るための理論 的基礎を確立す るために,冗 長性の解析 とその利 用法 について考察 を行 った. 通常,冗 長性 は関節変数で表わ された非線形連 立方 程 式の解 の任意性 と考 え られ,そ の程度 も大域的 な任 意変数の個数で 表わされ る.し か し,こ の大局的 な冗 長性 の とらえ方で は,冗 長性 を積極的に利用す るた め の基本 とな りに くい.そ こで,わ れわれは非線形連 立 方程 式を,基 準状態 か らの 微小変 化 に 対 して 線形化 し,こ れ に基づ いて,局 所 的に冗長性を捉える方法 を 採 る.こ の方法 に従 って,ま ず冗長性 を解析 し,い く つかの基本的な性質 を明 らかにす る.つ いで冗長性 の † IFAC 8th Triennial World Congressで 一 部 発 表 (昭56.8) 京 都 大 学 工 学 部 宇 治市 五 ケ庄 Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University, Uji (Received September 27, 1982) ( Revised February 17, 1983)

32 citations


Proceedings Article
08 Aug 1983
TL;DR: A fast, uniform, parallel search algorithm for robot route planning and obstacle avoidance that is equally applicable to real or synthetic data and overcomes many problems associated with other route finding methods.
Abstract: This paper presents a fast, uniform, parallel search algorithm for robot route planning and obstacle avoidance. The algorithm is equally applicable to real or synthetic data and overcomes many problems associated with other route finding methods. The time taken to generate a route through a an arbitrarily complex environment has been reduced to an insignificant fraction of the time taken for the robot to traverse the route. Furthermore the time taken to create the route is independent of environment complexity and only linearly proportional to route length. Actual results and timings from running the algorithm on the ICL Distributed Array Processor and executing the resultant path on a mobile robot are presented.

19 citations


Patent
15 Feb 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, an obstacle avoidance driving type toy has a housing with a motor located in the housing, and the output of the motor is fed to a switch member which, in turn, conducts the output to either a first transfer mechanism or a second transfer mechanism.
Abstract: An obstacle avoidance driving type toy has a housing with a motor located in the housing. The output of the motor is fed to a switch member which, in turn, conducts the output to either a first transfer mechanism or a second transfer mechanism. The first transfer mechanism transfers output of the motor to a moving member which includes an encounter sensor located on it. An object, under the control of the operator of the toy, is maneuvered with respect to the movement of the moving member, and if the maneuvering of the obstacle is not coordinated with the movement of the moving member, the obstacle will encounter the encounter sensor. When so encountered, a signal from the encounter sensor is fed to the switch member, which switches the output of the motor to the second transfer mechanism. This activates an indicating mechanism to indicate the encounter between the obstacle and the moving member, and additionally, sets a reset mechanism which then resets the switch member such that the output of the motor is once again transferred to the moving member.

8 citations


01 Jun 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, a Westinghouse vision system was added to an existing electronically controllable Army Vehicle to investigate autonomous vehicle navigation in a scenario where targets are either designated by laser spotting or their locations and identities transmitted to friendly forces.
Abstract: : Many groups are now attempting to build autonomous land robots. However, no vehicle fitting this description exists today. The difficult problems that must be solved are obstacle avoidance and scene matching to map coordinates. Autonomous robot vehicles would be used primarily by the military for reconnaissance. Enemy targets would either be designated by laser spotting or their locations and identities transmitted to friendly forces. Westinghouse as a subcontractor to the Computer Vision Lab of the University of Maryland, with the support of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the U.S. Army Night Vision and Electro-Optics Laboratory, is developing a test-bed facility for investigating autonomous vehicle navigation. A Westinghouse vision system will be added to an existing electronically controllable Army Vehicle. (Author)

3 citations