Showing papers on "Occupancy published in 2000"

Chief Kerry's moose :a guidebook to land use and occupancy mapping, research design, and data collection

Abstract: Aboriginal peoples in Canada have been mapping aspects of their cultures for more than a generation. Indians, Inuit, Metis, non-status Indians and others have called their maps by different names at various times and places: land use and occupancy; land occupancy and use; traditional use; traditional land use and occupancy; current use; cultural sensitive areas; and so on. I use “land use and occupancy mapping” in a generic sense to include all the above. The term refers to the collection of interview data about traditional use of resources and occupancy of lands by First Nation persons, and the presentation of those data in map form. Think of it as the geography of oral tradition, or as the mapping of cultural and resource geography. (PDF contains 81 pages.)

Population turnover and habitat dynamics in Notonecta (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) metapopulations.

Abstract: Simple metapopulation models assume that local populations occur in patches of uniform quality habitat separated by non-habitat. However field metapopulations tend to show considerable spatial and temporal variation in patch quality, and hence probability of occupancy. This may have implications for the adequacy of simple metapopulation models in describing and predicting regional population dynamics of natural systems. This study investigated the effects of habitat characteristics on landscape-scale occupancy dynamics of two species of backswimmer (Notonecta, Hemiptera: Notonectidae) in small freshwater ponds. The results demonstrated clear links between habitat, pond occupancy and population turnover, particularly local extinction. There were considerable changes in the habitat of individual ponds between years, but local changes were not spatially correlated and the frequency distribution of habitat conditions at the landscape level remained similar in different years. Stable occupancy levels of Notonecta species appears to result from a balance of the rates of creation and loss of suitable habitat due to spatially uncorrelated habitat change. Systems such as this, where turnover is driven by habitat dynamics, demonstrate the potential value of incorporating the dynamics of habitat change into metapopulation models. Such developments are likely to improve predictions of landscape-scale occupancy dynamics, whilst also allowing patch-level predictions of occupancy, based on local habitat conditions.

An evaluation of state enterprise zone policies

Abstract: Our analysis looks at the impact of state enterprise zones in six states (California, Florida, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Virginia) on housing values, occupancy rates, and economic well-being of zone residents. Zones did not lead to increased housing prices or occupancy rates, nor did they positively impact income and employment.

An analysis of daily occupancy performance: a basis for effective hotel marketing?

Abstract: Time series analysis of daily room occupancy rates in 91 hotels in England from January 1992 to December 1994 is used to analyse within‐week occupancy performance in the English hotel industry. Two major temporal patterns are identified: one features a midweek peak and Saturday sub‐peak; the other features a broader weekend peak and midweek trough. Both are represented in the occupancy profiles of most hotels. They are used to define a two‐dimensional daily occupancy performance space. The positioning of hotels within this space is explained in terms of location, market and other characteristics of the hotels, in a stepwise regression analysis. The implications of the findings are discussed in a marketing context.

Monitoring hotel performance using occupancy time-series analysis: the concept of occupancy performance space.

Abstract: Time series factor analysis is used to identify four temporal dimensions of occupancy performance in 279 English hotels over the period January 1992 to December 1994 These dimensions referred to as reference curves differentiate hotels on the basis of overall occupancy level (RC1), seasonality (RC2), long-term trend (RC3) and length of season (RC4) The reference curves are used to define the dimensions of occupancy performance space in which the 279 hotels are positioned, with the hotels differentiated by hotel situation type It is shown that the positioning of a hotel in occupancy performance space can provide a precise and effective basis for hotel marketing

A four‐year investigation into the efficacy of domiciles for enhancement of bumble bee populations

Abstract: 1 Eighty four-unit domiciles for introduced bumble bees (Bombus spp) were placed in 16 field margins at Lincoln, New Zealand in the 1995–96 southern summer Fifty-five were placed in the margins of intensively managed fields, with the remaining 25 being in less disturbed habitats, which had more spring/summer floral resources 2 The number of nests founded over the four-year study period increased from one to 27 Bombus hortorum was a much more frequent colonist than was B terrestris, with B ruderatus colonizing only in the fourth year 3 In the ‘intensive’ sites, mean four-year occupancy was only 2%, whereas in the less disturbed sites it was 13% 4 There was a positive association between bumble bee occupancy of the domicile compartments in the previous year and occupancy in the current year No association was found between previous occupancy by mice and subsequent occupancy by bumble bees 5 The potential for adding Bombus nest sites to agricultural land to enhance local populations, and, potentially, pollination of seed crops, is discussed Adding domiciles in intensively managed landscapes may not be very effective unless spring floral resources are enhanced as well

Reducing and Mitigating Impacts of Lane Occupancy During Construction and Maintenance

Abstract: This synthesis report will be of interest to programming and planning, design, contract, construction, and maintenance engineers, and others interested in reducing and mitigating the impacts of lane occupancy during construction and maintenance activities. It describes the current state of the practice for reducing and mitigating the impacts of lane occupancy during construction and maintenance. Information for the synthesis was collected by surveying U.S. and Canadian transportation agencies and by conducting a literature search to gather additional information. This report of the Transportation Research Board provides information on programming and planning, design, contract, construction, and maintenance techniques, methods, and processes used to reduce lane occupancy during construction and maintenance activities. Information on their relative impact and the type of facilities they are used for is included. In addition, information on the measures transportation agencies use to evaluate the effectiveness of the various techniques, methods, and processes is also included.

Survey on the fire safety requirements in karaoke establishments

Abstract: A preliminary study on the fire safety aspects for karaoke establishments is reported. Two field surveys on the building nature, fire safety parameters and awareness of fire safety management in 45 karaokes with total floor areas from 502 m 2 to 2,900 m 2 were carried out in May 1998 and December 1999. For building nature, the size, shape, use of the building where the karaoke is located, period of construction, number of levels, and number of exits to the outside were surveyed. The two key parameters, fire load density and occupant load factor, in the fire safety requirements in local codes were studied with the movable fire load density and transient occupancy characteristics surveyed. Also, fire protection systems installed were inspected and the number of staff having fire safety training was surveyed to assess the awareness of fire safety management. The 20-point fire safety ranking system proposed earlier was used to assess the karaokes surveyed. However, the scores are not so high though slight improvement is found in the second survey. Conducting high-level research on karaoke fires should be a long-term plan. An immediate action is to enhance the fire safety management, at least by appointing a Fire Safety Officer.

Changed southwest forests: resource effects and management remedies

Abstract: Over 150 years of occupancy by northern Europeans has markedly changed vegetative conditions in the Southwest. Less fire due to grazing and fire suppression triggered a shift to forests with very high tree densities, which in turn contributed to destructive forest tires. Options to deal with these changes include prescribed fire, thinning and timber harvest to mimic natural disturbances and conditions. However, there are barriers to implementing these activities on a scale large enough to have a significant benefit.

Morning vehicle occupancy rate entering the city center.

Abstract: This research aimed at the study of morning peak's vehicle occupancy rate of passenger cars entering into Bangkok's city center through the city's at-grade road network. Occupancy rate of pick-up vehicle was included into its investigation due to its popularity for passenger usage especially during the peak hours period. Analysis data was collected on 24 entrances into the city center along Ratchadapisek ring road which was used as Cordon line surround the city center. Vehicle occupancy rates were analyzed for different types of these passenger vehicles, which were classified into private passenger car, private pick-up, and public taxi. The difference between occupancy rate of private and public passenger vehicles were analyzed together with the overall vehicle occupancy rate for all of the vehicle types. Time series analysis of occupancy rate of each type of vehicle was also presented in this paper. For the covering abstract see ITRD E108910.

Economic impacts of the use of occupancy sensors to control lights and ventilation systems in high rise office buildings

Abstract: This paper describes results of energy simulations that assess the economic benefits of the use of occupancy sensors in high rise office buildings. Motion sensors control both lighting and exhaust fans in the building's toilet rooms and corridors. The sensors turn the lights and ventilation/exhaust fans on immediately when motion is sensed within the space and off after the space is unoccupied for a given delay period. The basis of the study was a case study office building with monitored data from motion sensors. Simulations were then extended to six other climates in order to assess the economic benefits of such controls on a worldwide basis. Results demonstrate whole-building energy savings of more than 10% when the motion sensors control only 20% of the building's internal space. Investment paybacks are shown to be immediate for new building designs and under 1.5 years for retrofit projects.