Showing papers on "Peduncle (anatomy) published in 2006"
TL;DR: Balanced partitioning of stem length into upper and lower internodes and internode maximum specific weight are important in genotypic accumulation and mobilization of stem reserves in wheat.
Abstract: Wheat crops grown in dryland areas may depend more on stem reserves for grain filling than on current photosynthesis. We evaluated the hypothesis that internode length, weight, and specific weight of genotypes affect accumulation and mobilization of stem reserves. This knowledge might complement selection in stressful environments. Genotypic variation for internode characteristics and their effects on dry matter accumulation and mobilization were measured at 10-d intervals in 11 diverse wheat cultivars grown under well-watered and droughted field conditions across 2 yr. Relationships among internode characteristics and accumulation and mobilization of stem reserves were determined. The main effect of year, irrigation, genotype, and harvest date and genotype x harvest date interaction were significant. Internode length, weight, and specific weight were reduced under drought. Mobilized dry matter from peduncle, penultimate, and the lower internodes ranged from 43 to 171, 81 to 272, and from 198 to 474 mg, respectively. Mobilized dry matter was less in well-watered than in droughted conditions for peduncle (93 vs. 110 mg) but not for penultimate (173 vs. 143 mg) and the lower internodes (331 vs. 304 mg). Drought increased mobilization efficiency, expressed as percentage of maximum dry mater mobilized, in the peduncle, penultimate, and the lower internodes by 65, 11, and 5%, respectively. Stem maximum specific weight was correlated (r = 0.64) with stem mobilized dry matter. Balanced partitioning of stem length into upper and lower internodes and internode maximum specific weight are important in genotypic accumulation and mobilization of stem reserves in wheat.
156 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that there is neural disruption in the superior cerebellar peduncle in patients with schizophrenia, which may be involved in the cognitive abnormalities found in schizophrenia.
Abstract: Disconnection in the frontal-thalamic-cerebellar circuit is thought to be associated with cognitive abnormality in patients with schizophrenia. The superior cerebellar peduncle is involved in neural connectivity in the circuit. Because diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can detect neural disconnection, we investigated whether there was neural disruption in the superior cerebellar peduncle in patients with schizophrenia. DTI was performed in 21 schizophrenic subjects and 21 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Cognitive cluster scores were attained by using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Schizophrenic subjects had significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right and left superior cerebellar peduncles than healthy subjects. Higher FA in the left superior cerebellar peduncle was associated with worse cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. These findings suggest that there is neural disruption in the superior cerebellar peduncle in patients with schizophrenia, which may be involved in the cognitive abnormalities found in schizophrenia.
72 citations
TL;DR: The valuable variation existing among wild accessions can be exploited following introgression with cultivated lentils, which will help in the flow of useful genes from wild to cultivated lentil for generating wide spectrum of variability and its subsequent use in genetic restructuring of lentil.
Abstract: Exploitation of wild gene pool for breeding is a common practice in an increasing number of cultivated plants. The cultivated lentil could not attain the substantial improvement in the yield potential due to loss of genes for higher productivity and lack of resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. The absence of evaluation data of wild lentils for characters of economic importance, besides biotic and abiotic stresses, is one of the constraints in their use in lentil breeding programme. In the present study, 70 wild accessions from four wild Lens subsp./sp. (L. culinaris subsp. orientalis, L. odomensis, L. ervoides and L. nigricans) along with 3 checks (Precoz, PL-406 and PL-639) were evaluated for phenological and agro-morphological characters, for their reaction to three fungal diseases (wilt, powdery mildew and rust) and screened for tolerance to moisture stress. The wild accessions showed higher performance for branches/plant as compared to cultivated genotypes. Similarly, a few accessions of L. culinaris subsp. orientalis were earlier to flower and had higher seeds and seed yield/plant as compared to cultivated lentil. However, some were comparable with cultivated genotypes for flowers/peduncle, peduncle length and plant height. The mean performance for flowers per peduncle, leaflets per leaf, plant height, seeds and seed yield per plant increased, while decreased for days to flowering and maturity, and branches per plant during the evolution of cultivated lentil from the wild Lens taxa. Of Lens taxa, L. nigricans had the maximum resistant accessions for biotic and tolerance to abiotic stresses. The valuable variation existing among wild accessions can be exploited following introgression with cultivated lentils. It will help in the flow of useful genes from wild to cultivated lentil for generating wide spectrum of variability and its subsequent use in genetic restructuring of lentil.
57 citations
TL;DR: CFRs, evoked by periorbital stimulation and recorded from the cerebellar cortex, could be inhibited by stimulation of two distinct mesencephalic areas and it was concluded that stimulation of the ventral area activated nucleo-olivary fibres.
Abstract: Stimulation around the superior cerebellar peduncle or within the deep cerebellar nuclei is known to inhibit the inferior olive with a very long latency. It has been suggested that this inhibition is mediated by the GABA-ergic nucleo-olivary pathway, but alternative explanations such as activation of an indirect excitatory pathway or a pathway via the red nucleus are possible. A long-latency inhibition via the nucleo-olivary pathway would have profound implications for cerebellar function and the present study was performed to test alternative explanations and to characterize the nucleo-olivary inhibition. Climbing fibre responses (CFRs), evoked by periorbital stimulation and recorded from the cerebellar cortex, could be inhibited by stimulation of two distinct mesencephalic areas. One was located within the superior cerebellar peduncle and the other about 1 mm further ventrally. Inhibition evoked from either area occurred in the inferior olive and was independent of a red nucleus relay. Single Purkinje cell recordings revealed that inhibition from the ventral area was not secondary to olivary activation. It is concluded that stimulation of the ventral area activated nucleo-olivary fibres. The inhibition elicited by stimulation within the peduncle probably resulted from indirect activation on the nucleo-olivary fibres via antidromic activation of the interpositus nucleus. The time courses of the inhibition from the two areas were indistinguishable. The duration of the strongest inhibition was short and had a sharp peak at about 30 ms. It is suggested that the time course of the inhibition is important for temporal regulation of learned responses.
40 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of petiole and floral peduncle anatomical alterations and growth of cotton supplied with deficient and sufficient B in nutrient solution found modifications caused by B deficiency may have impaired B and photosynthate translocation into new cotton growth.
Abstract: The effect of boron (B) on cotton growth and fruit shedding may be due not only to physiological or biochemical effects, but also to vascular tissue malformation. This experiment investigated petio...
28 citations
Patent•
26 Jul 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors described the technology of preparing peduncle with tobacco, comprising group feed preparation, measuring, group cooking peduncle, group pressing peduncle and group cutting peduncle.
Abstract: The invention relates the technology of preparing peduncle with tobacco, comprising group feed preparation, measuring, group cooking peduncle, group pressing peduncle, group cutting peduncle, group storing peduncle, group modifying peduncle, mixing peduncle, humidifying and heating, drying peduncle, air separation peduncle, flavoring peduncle and storing peduncle The method comprises the following characters: replacing the washing the peduncle with cooking peduncle, diminishing the pre-storing peduncle and the second humidifying and heating, but adding the group storing humidifying and heating; carrying out above 2 groups peduncle formulation according to the cigarette card; group supplying peduncle, carrying out the second modification; realizing the mass continuous production, shortening the quality difference; improving the peduncle quality and availability ratio, and extending the range of use
8 citations
Patent•
22 Feb 2006
TL;DR: In this article, an artificial cultured large yellow crocker and the method for culturing it, including increasing the crocker parental generation breeding in the culture process, applying to group breeding technique combined with molecular labeling auxiliary breeding technique, to breeding merit strain rapidly, in such a way the cultured largeyellow crocker provided with good shape, fast growth rate, sound quality and high survivial rate.
Abstract: The invention discloses an artificial cultured large yellow crocker and the method for culturing it, including: increasing the yellow crocker parental generation breeding in the culture process, applying to group breeding technique combined with molecular labeling auxiliary breeding technique, to breeding merit strain rapidly, in such a way the cultured large yellow crocker provided with good shape, fast growth rate, sound quality and high survivial rate, and the habitus parameter: the length of the caudal peduncle/ the height of the caudal peduncle as 3.6, the length of the body the height of the body as 3.9, the biochemical component: 18.34 percent protein contents, 152.0 mg/g total amino acid contents in the muscle, 2.89 percent fat contents, the DNA molecular in the blood provided with 871bp specific tag, and the fin ray isoenzyme provided with a malic enzyme(ME) specific tag.
8 citations
TL;DR: A new sisorid catfish, Exostoma barakensis is described from the Iyei River (Barak drainage) of Manipur, India and is distinguished from E. berdmorei and E. stuarti that synonymised under E. labiatum, and therefore have been resurrected as valid species.
Abstract: Manuscript 1546; © ZOO; Date of publication 21 December 2006 Received 01 April 2006; Revised received 13 November 2006 Finally accepted 08 December 2006 W See Images in the web supplement at www.zoosprint.org ABSTRACT A new sisorid catfish, Exostoma barakensis is described from the Iyei River (Barak drainage) of Manipur, India. It is distinguished from E. berdmorei in having deeper body, its depth 15.6 (14.0-16.5) vs. 10.9 % SL; less numbers of anal fin rays ii, 41⁄2 -5 vs. i, 6; broadly rounded vs. pointed snout; emarginated vs. deeply forked caudal fin. It differs from E. labiatum in having deeper caudal peduncle, its height 49.8 (44.1-56.7) vs. 31.2-38.7 % caudal peduncle length; interdorsal space present vs. absent; less number of pectoral fin rays i, 10-11 vs. i, 12-13; caudal emarginated vs. forked. It differs from E. vinciguerrae in having wider head, its width 88.9 (85.2-91.6) vs.105.1 (105-108) % HL; smaller eye, its diameter 9.6 (7.3-11.6) vs.16.2 (16.0-16.4) % HL. It also differs from E. stuarti in having shallower body, its depth 15.8 (14.2-16.9) vs. 18.1 % SL; longer snout, its length 59.5 (58.1-61.5) vs. 47.6 % HL; larger eye, its diameter 9.6 (7.311.6) vs. 4.7 % HL; deeper caudal peduncle, its height 49.8 (44.1-56.7) vs. 42.8 % caudal peduncle length. Exostoma vinciguerrae and E. stuarti that synonymised under E. labiatum have been examined and found to have distinguishable differences from E. labiatum, and therefore have been resurrected as valid species.
6 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A new species blind loach of the genus Paracobitis is briefhy described in this paper, found from a cave in Nandan County of Guangxi,China and kept in Heilong Tan Reservoir of Shilin,Yunnan,China.
Abstract: A new species blind loach of the genus Paracobitis is briefhy described in this paper.The material was found from a cave in Nandan County of Guangxi,China.Paracobitis posterodorsalus Li,Ran et Chin sp.nov.Type specimens No.041005001,total length 66 mm,standard length 53 mm,collected on October 05,2004 from cave of Nandan County(25°02′N,107°36′E)in Guangxi.Kept in Heilong Tan Reservoir of Shilin,Yunnan,China.Description: D.iii-6;A.ii-4;P.i-13;V.i-5;Branched caudal fin rays 15. Body depth in standard length 7.57,head length 4.42,length of caudal peduncle 5.30,depth of caudal peduncle 17.66.Head depth in its length 1.74,head wide 1.50.Depth of caudal peduncle 3.33 in its length.Diagnosis: the new species is similar to P.longibarbatus Chen et al(1998),but differs from the latter in :①dorsal fin iii-6,Vs iii-8;②Anal fin ii-4,Vs ii-6;③origin of dorsal is posteriority of Ventral;Vs opposite.
4 citations
TL;DR: A sensor was developed to detect Rhizopus stolonifer infected tomatoes using three relative humidity sensors and peduncle scar measurements are more useful as infected tomatoes can be monitored non-dependent on its maturity stage and within all the fruit.
3 citations
Journal Article•
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Through the genetic merit prediction of three parents, it was found that the additive and additiveadditive epistatic effects of C.carpio var.Wuyuanensis could decease the body weight, total length and standard length in progenies.
Abstract: Red common carp are very excellent genetics and breeding materials in aquaculture in China,but the study on their quantitative genetics has not been conducted yet.In this paper,the additivedominanceepistasis genetic model was used to analyzed additive,dominance and epistatic genetic effects for body weight and 10 morphometric traits(total length,standard length,body depth,body width,head length,snout length,eye diameter,iterorbital width,Caudal peduncle length and Caudal peduncle depth) from three variants of red common carp,Cyprinus carpio var.Singuonensis,C.carpio var.Wuyuanensis and C.carpio var.Color,based on F_(2) data from diallel cross experiment.The results indicated: except the trait of body depth,the additive additive epistatic effects were observed in the other traits.In which,the additiveadditive epistatic effects were significant in traits of body weight,total length,standard length,head length,snout length and caudal peduncle length.The proportions of epistasis to phenotype variance of 10 traits were: body weight 11.4%,total length 22.6%,standard length 14.0%,body width 8.3%,head length 24.2%,snout length 17.5%,eye diameter 12.9%,interorbital width 23.1%,caudal peduncle length 5.4% and caudal peduncle depth 20.1%.Through the genetic merit prediction of three parents,it was found that the additive and additiveadditive epistatic effects of C.carpio var.Color could increase the body weight,total length and standard length in progenies,but the these two effects of C.carpio var.Singuonensis and C.carpio var.Wuyuanensis could decease the body weight,total length and standard length in progenies.Epistatic genetic effect could play an important role in genetic selection and breeding in fish.
TL;DR: Paraxenisthmus cerberusi, described from four specimens from Augulpelu Reef, Palau, differs from its only congener (P. springeri from the Solomon Islands) in the following characteristics: pectoral fin rays 15–16 and caudal peduncle with large black blotch.
Abstract: Paraxenisthmus cerberusi, described from four specimens from Augulpelu Reef, Palau, differs from its only congener (P. springeri from the Solomon Islands) in the following characteristics: pectoral fin rays 15–16 (vs. 18); posterior nasal (B) and ventral preopercular (Q′) cephalic lateralis pores absent (vs. present); head, nape, ventral abdomen, and dorsal midline of caudal peduncle naked (vs. scaled); and caudal peduncle with large black blotch (vs. no black blotch).