Showing papers on "Perspective (graphical) published in 2001"
1,906 citations
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01 Dec 2001
1,293 citations
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01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present organizational behavior from a marketing perspective, offering examinations of standard topics, areas that deserve more attention and emerging issues that will affect the future of organizational behavior.
Abstract: Presents organizational behaviour from a marketing perspective, offering examinations of standard topics, areas that deserve more attention and emerging issues that will affect the future of OB. Subjects that contribute to expanding demand for OB theory, approaches and results are explored.
1,226 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors move beyond that perspective and study the infrastructures in the context of acquisitions, examining issues such as performance and implementation problems, instead of focusing on acquisitions per se.
Abstract: Research on acquisitions has typically focused on acquisitions per se, examining issues such as performance and implementation problems. This study moves beyond that perspective and studies the inf...
1,163 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that the right inferior parietal, precuneus and somatosensory cortex are specifically involved in distinguishing self-produced actions from those generated by others.
Abstract: Perspective taking is an essential component in the mechanisms that account for intersubjectivity and agency. Mental simulation of action can be used as a natural protocol to explore the cognitive and neural processing involved in agency. Here we took PET measurements while subjects simulated actions with either a first-person or a third-person perspective. Both conditions were associated with common activation in the SMA, the precentral gyrus, the precuneus and the MT/V5 complex. When compared to the first-person perspective, the third-person perspective recruited right inferior parietal, precuneus, posterior cingulate and frontopolar cortex. The opposite contrast revealed activation in left inferior parietal and somatosensory cortex. We suggest that the right inferior parietal, precuneus and somatosensory cortex are specifically involved in distinguishing self-produced actions from those generated by others.
1,102 citations
TL;DR: This chapter examines all three forms of social perception that lead directly to corresponding overt behavioral tendencies and elaborates the direct relation between perception and behavior and specifically on one consequence of this relation—namely, the imitation.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the functional relation between perception and behavior It presents a general perspective on perception and action along with elaborating the direct relation between perception and behavior and specifically on one consequence of this relation—namely, the imitation The chapter describes the core concepts of social perception Furthermore, the chapter examines all three forms of social perception that lead directly to corresponding overt behavioral tendencies The cognitive approach that has dominated psychology for over 30 years has changed psychology's perspective on perception Certainly, perception is essential for us to comprehend our environment but that does not mean that this understanding is an end in itself The chapter concludes with a discussion on the perception-behavior link from a functional perspective In specific, perception provides an understanding of the world Social perception refers to the activation of a perceptual representation, which generally has a direct effect on social behavior Perceptual inputs are translated automatically into corresponding behavioral outputs
1,038 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a comprehensive view of the case study process from the researcher's perspective, emphasizing methodological considerations, as opposed to other qualitativistic concerns.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive view of the case study process from the researcher's perspective, emphasizing methodological considerations. As opposed to other qualitativ...
657 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the book "Role Transitions in Organizational Life: An Identity-Based Perspective,” by Blake E. Ashforth, focusing on the role transitions in organizational life.
Abstract: The article reviews the book “Role Transitions in Organizational Life: An Identity-Based Perspective,” by Blake E. Ashforth.
626 citations
TL;DR: Pioneering applications in areas ranging from the development of custom integrated circuits to theDevelopment of custom foods show that user toolkits for innovation can be much more effective than traditional, manufacturer-based development methods.
608 citations
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this article, R.J. Sternberg, E.L. Boyatzis, C.A. Mainemelis, and D.S. Walker, Conceptions, Styles, and Approaches within Higher Education: Analytical Abstractions in Everyday Experience.
Abstract: Contents: Preface. R.J. Sternberg, E.L. Grigorenko, A Capsule History of Theory and Research on Styles. J.S. Renzulli, D.Y. Dai, Abilities, Interests, and Styles as Aptitude for Learning: A Person-Situation Interaction Perspective. R. Riding, The Nature and Effects of Cognitive Style. J. Biggs, Enhancing Learning: A Matter of Style or Approach? N. Entwistle, V. McCune, P. Walker, Conceptions, Styles, and Approaches Within Higher Education: Analytical Abstractions in Everyday Experience. G.M. Boulton-Lewis, F. Marton, L.A. Wilss, The Lived Space of Learning: An Inquiry Into Indigenous Australian University Students' Experiences of Studying. D. Watkins, Correlates of Approaches to Learning: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis. L-F. Zhang, R.J. Sternberg, Thinking Styles Across Cultures: Their Relationships With Student Learning. D.A. Kolb, R.E. Boyatzis, C. Mainemelis, Experiential Learning Theory: Previous Research and New Directions. R.J. Sternberg, Epilogue: Another Mysterious Affair at Styles.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors take a resource-based view to develop and test hypotheses that relate managers' perceptions of causal ambiguity to their firm's performance and examine relationships between firm performance and causal ambiguity regarding the link between competencies and competitive advantage, and causally ambiguous characteristics of competencies.
Abstract: Resource-based theory argues that resources must be valuable, rare, inimitable, and lack substitutes to confer competitive advantage. Inimitability is a lynchpin of resource-based theory and central to understanding the sustainability of competitive advantage.
Although scholars recognize a positive relationship between causal ambiguity and inimitability, the relationship among critical resources called competencies, causal ambiguity, and firm performance remains an unresolved conundrum. One perspective suggests that causal ambiguity regarding competencies and performance is necessary among internal and external managers for sustainable competitive advantage because it severely limits imitation. Causal ambiguity, therefore, enhances firm performance. Another view holds that causal ambiguity places a constraint on the transfer and leveraging of these competencies within a firm. In this case, causal ambiguity may adversely influence firm performance.
This paper takes a resource-based view to develop and test hypotheses that relate managers' perceptions of causal ambiguity to their firm's performance. The hypotheses examine relationships between firm performance and (1) causal ambiguity regarding the link between competencies and competitive advantage, and (2) causally ambiguous characteristics of competencies. Research involving 224 executives in 17 organizations provides valuable insights into the relationships between causal ambiguity and firm performance. A model is then developed based on these findings. Particular consideration is given to the differing ways top and middle managers in a firm may experience causal ambiguity and to how these differences may be understood and managed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TL;DR: In this article, a methodology for analyzing the collective learning of the classroom community in terms of the evolution of classroom mathematical practices is described, and a sample analysis taken from a 1st-grade classroom teaching experiment is presented to illustrate how we coordinate a social perspective on communal practices with a psychological perspective on individual students' diverse ways of reasoning as they participate in those practices.
Abstract: In this article, we describe a methodology for analyzing the collective learning of the classroom community in terms of the evolution of classroom mathematical practices. To develop the rationale for this approach, we first ground the discussion in our work as mathematics educators who conduct classroom-based design research. We then present a sample analysis taken from a 1st-grade classroom teaching experiment that focused on linear measurement to illustrate how we coordinate a social perspective on communal practices with a psychological perspective on individual students’ diverse ways of reasoning as they participate in those practices. In the concluding sections of the article, we frame the sample analysis as a paradigm case in which to clarify aspects of the methodology and consider its usefulness for design research.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the investment patterns of a large number of clients of a major Israeli brokerage house during 1994 and compared the behavior of clients making independent investment decisions to that of investors whose accounts were managed by brokerage professionals.
Abstract: In this paper, we analyze the investment patterns of a large number of clients of a major Israeli brokerage house during 1994. We compare the behavior of clients making independent investment decisions to that of investors whose accounts were managed by brokerage professionals. Our main objective is to investigate whether the disposition effect (i.e., the tendency to sell winners quicker than losers), demonstrated in the US only for individual investors, also holds for professional investors. This analysis is important, as accepted financial theory predicts that prices are determined mainly by decisions made by professionals. We show that both professional and independent investors exhibit the disposition effect, although the effect is stronger for independent investors. The second objective of our study is the comparison of trade frequency, volume and profitability between independent and professionally managed accounts. We believe that these comparisons not only provide insights of their own, but also help to put the differences in the disposition effect in a wider perspective. We demonstrate that professionally managed accounts were more diversified and that round trips were both less correlated with the market and slightly more profitable than those of independent accounts.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effect of supplier perspective taking on team leader ratings of employees' contextual performance and suggested two ways to enhance supplier perspective-taking and hence contextual performance: increase employee interaction with suppliers and enrich job content.
Abstract: Supplier perspective taking, whereby an internal customer adopts the perspective of an internal supplier, was investigated. Two dimensions were assessed: positive attributions and empathy. Supplier perspective taking was associated with team leader ratings of employees' contextual performance. Production ownership and integrated understanding predicted supplier perspective taking and were in turn predicted by job autonomy. Interaction with suppliers contributed to supplier perspective taking directly and indirectly. These findings suggest two ways to enhance supplier perspective taking and hence contextual performance: increase employee interaction with suppliers and enrich job content.
01 Jan 2001
Abstract: Preface: Reversing Language Shift 1. Why is it so hard to save a threatened language? Joshua A. FishmanTHE AMERICAS: 2. Reversing Navajo Language Shift, Revisited Tiffany Lee (Stanford Univ) & Daniel McLaughlin (Dine College) 3. How Threatened is the Spanish of New York Puerto Ricans? Ofelia Garcia (Long Island Univ) Jose Luis Morin (City Univ of New York) & Klaudia Rivera (Long Island Univ) 4. A Decade in the Life of a Two-in-One Language - Yiddish in New York City Joshua A. Fishman 5. Reversing Language Shift in Quebec Richard Y. Bourhis (Universite du Quebec a Montreal) 6. Otomi language shift and some recent efforts to reverse it Yolanda Lastra (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico) 7. Reversing Quechua language shift in South America Nancy H. Hornberger (Univ of Pennsylvania) & Kendall A. King (New York Univ).EUROPE: 8. Irish Language Production and Reproduction 1981-1996 Padraig O Riagain (Institiuid Teangeolaiochta Eireann) 9. A Frisian Update of Reversing Language Shift Durk Gorter (Fryske Academy) 10. Reversing Language Shift: The Case of Basque Maria-Jose Azurmendi (Univ of the Basque Country), Erramun Bachoc (Basque Cultural Institute), Francisca Zabeleta (Public University of Navarre) 11. Catalan A Decade Later Miquel Strubell (Universitat Oberta de Catalunya) .AFRICA AND ASIA: 12. Saving Threatened Languages in Africa: A Case Study of Oko Efurosibina Adegbija (Univ of Ilorin, Nigeria) 13. Andamanese: Biological Challenge for Language Reversal E. Annamalai & V. Gnanasundaram (C.I.I.L, Mysore) 14. "Akor Itak" Our Language, Your Language - Ainu in Japan John C. Maher (International Christian Univ, Tokyo) 15. Hebrew After a Century of RLS Efforts Bernard Spolsky (Bar-Illan Univy) & Elana Shohamy (Tel Aviv Univ).THE PACIFIC: 16. Can the Shift from Immigrant Languages be Reversed in Australia? Michael Clyne (Monash Univ) 17. Is the Extinction of Australia's Indigenous Languages Inevitable? Joseph Lo Bianco & Mari Rhydwen (National Language and Literacy Institute of Australia) 18: RLS in Aotearoa/New Zealand 1989-1999 Richard & Nena Benton (Waikato University).CONCLUSIONS: 19: From Theory to Practice (and Vice Versa): Review, Reconsideration and Reiteration Joshua A. Fishman
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between irrational ideas, emotion and resistance to change and found that irrational ideas and emotion together explain 44 percent of the variance in intentions to resist change.
Abstract: Most previous studies of organizational change and resistance take an organizational perspective as opposed to an individual perspective. This paper investigates the relationship between irrational ideas, emotion and resistance to change. Nine organizations implementing major change were surveyed providing data from 615 respondents. The analysis showed that irrational ideas are positively correlated with behavioural intentions to resist change. Irrational ideas and emotion together explain 44 percent of the variance in intentions to resist. Also outlines an intervention strategy to guide management in developing a method for approaching resistance when implementing major change.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that research conducted by physicists who are actively engaged in teaching can be the key to setting high (yet realistic) standards, to helping students meet expectations, and to assessing the extent to which real learning takes place.
Abstract: Research on the learning and teaching of physics is essential for cumulative improvement in physics instruction. Pursuing this goal through systematic research is efficient and greatly increases the likelihood that innovations will be effective beyond a particular instructor or institutional setting. The perspective taken is that teaching is a science as well as an art. Research conducted by physicists who are actively engaged in teaching can be the key to setting high (yet realistic) standards, to helping students meet expectations, and to assessing the extent to which real learning takes place.
TL;DR: This article discusses the topic of learning objects in three parts, identifying a need for learning objects and describing their essential components based on this need, and drawing on concepts from recent developments in computer science to describe learning objects from a theoretical perspective.
Abstract: This article discusses the topic of learning objects in three parts. First, it identifies a need for learning objects and describes their essential components based on this need. Second, drawing on concepts from recent developments in computer science, it describes learning objects from a theoretical perspective. Finally, it describes learning objects in practice, first as they are created or generated by content authors, and second, as they are displayed or used by students and other client groups.
TL;DR: exciting new findings in monkeys that identify neurons in the prefrontal cortex that are primarily responsible for categorizing objects are discussed.
Abstract: Categorizing the objects that we see is a fundamental property of our brain and the brains of other mammals In their enlightening Perspective,
Thorpe and Fabre-Thorpe
discuss exciting new findings in monkeys (
Freedman
et al) that identify neurons in the prefrontal cortex that are primarily responsible for categorizing objects
TL;DR: In a qualitative study of negative supervision, 13 master's and doctoral trainees were interviewed about a supervision experience that had a detrimental effect on their training as discussed by the authors, and most participants reported ongoing power struggles with angry supervisors, and most relied on peers, other professionals, and therapists for support.
Abstract: In a qualitative study of negative supervision, 13 master's and doctoral trainees were interviewed about a supervision experience that had a detrimental effect on their training. Many supervisors were described as not being invested in the relationship and as being unwilling to own their role in conflicts. Many trainees described being overworked without proper supervision, some felt expected to support their supervisors, and many underwent extreme stress and self-doubt. Most participants reported ongoing power struggles with angry supervisors, and most relied on peers, other professionals, and therapists for support. Qualitative themes were consistent with trainees' high scores on the Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity Inventory (M.E. Oik & M.L. Friedlander, 1992) and with their low ratings of their supervisors' attractiveness and interpersonal sensitivity on the Supervisory Styles Inventory (M.L. Friedlander & L.G. Ward, 1984).
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare three definitions of earnings management used by accounting researchers and three methods of estimating it: aggregate accruals, specific accrual and discontinuities in earnings distribution.
Abstract: Compares three definitions of earnings management used by accounting researchers and three methods of estimating it: aggregate accruals, specific accruals and discontinuities in earnings distribution. Discusses evidence relating to the reasons for income‐increasing earnings management, income‐decreasing earnings management and specific contexts, e.g. financial institutions with regulatory constraints. Concludes that, although the evidence is limited, managers are more likely to manipulate income up rather than down; and identifies some opportunities for further research.
TL;DR: Empathy is the ability to understand the patient's situation, perspective, and feelings and to communicate that understanding to the patient and the effective use of empathy promotes diagnostic accuracy, therapeutic adherence, and patient satisfaction, while remaining time-efficient.
Abstract: In clinical medicine, empathy is the ability to understand the patient's situation, perspective, and feelings and to communicate that understanding to the patient. Certain well-timed words and sent...
TL;DR: In this paper, a normative framework for organizing the relationship between supply chain management and third-party logistics service strategies has been developed to fill a gap in the understanding of how thirdparty logistics providers should offer their services more effectively and efficiently to different types of supply chains.
Abstract: Outsourcing of logistics services has increased rapidly during the last few years. Accordingly, third‐party logistics and supply chain management as a research phenomenon has gained increased attention from academia. However, a strategic view focusing on the relationship between supply chain management and third‐party logistics service strategies has gained little attention. This paper focuses on alternative supply chain strategies and their relationship to different types of third‐party logistics services. A normative framework for organizing these relationships is developed. The strategic view adopted in this paper fills a gap in the understanding of how third‐party logistics providers should offer their services more effectively and efficiently to different types of supply chains.
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of 10 Chinese EFL readers' metacognitive knowledge of strategies in learning to read EFL in the People's Republic of China (PRC), a typical acquisition-poor environment.
Abstract: Although studies on L2 learning strategies are a major strand of second-language research, recent research interest has focussed on language learners' metacognitive knowledge or awareness of strategies. Previous research has shed important light on the amelioration in L2 educational practices, but little research is focused on EFL learners in input-poor environments. This paper reports on a study of 10 Chinese EFL readers' metacognitive knowledge of strategies in learning to read EFL in the People's Republic of China (PRC), a typical acquisition-poor environment. The EFL readers' metacognitive knowledge of strategies was analysed and interpreted from a broad metacognitive perspective within Flavell's model (1987), which has been adopted in L2 studies by researchers such as Wenden (1991; 1998) and Goh (1998) to analyse learners' strategies or their metacognitive knowledge of language learning. EFL readers' knowledge of reading strategies was examined through analysing the mentalistic data (Cohen, 1996) obt...
TL;DR: In this paper, three research theories used to explain firm boundaries are transaction cost economics, an options perspective, and a resource-based view of the firm, and the authors' integrated model addresses the degree to which each of these three perspectives explains firm boundaries for technology sourcing is contingent on managerial risk taking, which is partly determined by organizational context.
Abstract: Three research theories used to explain firm boundaries are transaction cost economics, an options perspective, and a resource-based view of the firm. The authors' integrated model addresses the degree to which each of these three perspectives explains firm boundaries for technology sourcing is contingent on managerial risk taking, which is partly determined by organizational context. The authors' results suggest that, in general, management stockholdings, firm risk orientation, and slack resource availability moderate the extent to which the perceived threat of opportunism, the threat of commercial failure, and opportunity for sustainable advantage all influence firm boundaries.
TL;DR: This paper reviewed three major controversies in the micro finance field: vehicles, technologies, and performance assessments for financial service delivery and proposed that these controversies be resolved by a perspective emphasizing institutional plurality and external and internal efficiencies for individual programs.
Abstract: The article reviews three major controversies in the microfinance field: vehicles, technologies, and performance assessments for financial service delivery. Then it proposes that these controversies be resolved by a perspective emphasizing institutional plurality and external and internal efficiencies for individual programs. Questions for further research are discussed in the conclusion.
TL;DR: In this article, a critical review is followed by a field study conducted to examine reaction to the idea, based on exploratory, in-depth interviews with HR directors, concluding that the idea is flawed.
Abstract: Within the theme of contemporary innovative work arrangements and new psychological contracts, a new buzzword has been introduced: employability. This paper offers an analytical assessment of the idea, how it came into life, and the prospects of its adoption by organizations. A critical review is followed by a field study conducted to examine reaction to the idea, based on exploratory, in-depth interviews with HR directors. Based on a theoretical and management development perspective, as well as logical analysis, the paper concludes that the idea is flawed. Views expressed were mostly negative. It is implied that, though the concept of employability is beneficial for individuals, it would be unacceptable for organizations to 'sell' it to employees as a replacement for long-term commitment or loyalty and trust-based relationships.