Showing papers on "Physical disability published in 1981"
TL;DR: The Framingham Disability Study was designed to investigate the nature and magnitude of disability among non-institutionalized elderly, and the results support the well known relationship between physical disability and age.
Abstract: The Framingham Disability Study (FDS), a recent component of the Heart Disease Epidemiological Study in Framingham, Massachusetts, was designed to investigate the nature and magnitude of disability among non-institutionalized elderly. From September 1976 through November 1978, 2,654 individuals aged 55 to 84 years from the original Framingham cohort were interviewed in person or by telephone (94 per cent of the potential participant pool). The findings support the well known relationship between physical disability and age. The magnitude of disability, however, is not as great as conventional wisdom might suggest. This paper presents the physical disability prevalence findings and compares these results to earlier epidemiological investigations of disability in the elderly.
399 citations
TL;DR: After initial efforts to maintain the traditional posture towards learning disabilities in the rewriting of the Rehabilitation Comprehensive Services and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (PL 95–602), the Rehabmentation Services Administration yielded to a new conceptualization which will now allow the severely learning disabled (SLD) access to rehabilitation services.
Abstract: Historically, learning disabled (LD) individuals have been excluded from vocational rehabilitation services because of eligibility criteria that did not recognize learning disabilities as a mental or physical disability. Several significant events including the recognition of learning disabilities by the Diagnostic Statistical Manual III of the American Psychiatric Association, the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases, and the California Department of Rehabilitation created an atmosphere of acceptance in the rehabilitation community. After initial efforts to maintain the traditional posture towards learning disabilities in the rewriting of the Rehabilitation Comprehensive Services and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (PL 95–602), the Rehabilitation Services Administration yielded to a new conceptualization which will now allow the severely learning disabled (SLD) access to rehabilitation services.
18 citations
TL;DR: The most important role of the psychiatrist in management was in helping rehabilitation staff use their own skills to deal effectively with the inevitable emotional disturbances which occur in this setting.
Abstract: Over an 18 month period, 49 patients in a physical rehabilitation hospital were referred to an attached psychiatrist Formal psychiatric disorder was uncommon, and the mood changes and behaviour disturbances observed often resulted from a poor adjustment to recent physical disability by patients or their families The most important role of the psychiatrist in management was in helping rehabilitation staff use their own skills to deal effectively with the inevitable emotional disturbances which occur in this setting
10 citations
Book•
30 Nov 1981
TL;DR: General Considerations for Evaluating and Counseling the Physically Handicapped.
Abstract: 1 General Considerations for Evaluating and Counseling the Physically Handicapped.- The Stigma of Disability.- The Process of Adjustment to Disability.- Psychological Characteristics and Problems Commonly Associated with Disability.- Helping Relationships with the Physically Disabled.- Suggestions about Process.- Labeling, Normalization, and Mainstreaming.- Milestones.- References.- 2 Hemophilia.- The Physical Disability.- Definition and Incidence.- Manifestations.- Treatment.- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems.- The Family.- Intelligence-Schooling.- Emotional Adjustment.- Vocation.- Evaluating Persons with Hemophilia.- Intervention Methods.- Trends and Needs.- Appendix: Sources of Information.- References.- 3 Diabetes Mellitus.- The Physical Disability.- Classification.- Prevalence.- Genetic Factors.- Clinical Characteristics.- Treatment.- General Effect on Physical Development.- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems.- General Consequences of Chronic Conditions.- Psychological Characteristics Unique to Diabetes.- Evaluating Diabetic Patients.- Evaluating the General Level of Cognitive Functioning.- Evaluating the Patient's Emotional Status.- Evaluating the Patient's Adaptive Behavior.- Intervention Methods.- Trends and Needs.- Management and Self-Care.- Clinical and Laboratory Research.- Appendix: Sources of Information.- References.- 4 Other Genetic Disorders.- Genetic Disorders.- Mechanisms of Inheritance.- Autosomal and X-Linked Recessive Disorders.- Autosomal Dominant Disorders.- Chromosomal Abnormalities.- Genetic Counseling.- Phenylketonuria.- The Physical Disability.- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems.- Evaluating Persons with Phenylketonuria.- Intervention Methods.- Turner's Syndrome.- The Physical Disability.- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems.- Evaluating Persons with Turner's Syndrome.- Intervention Methods.- Klinefelter's Syndrome.- The Physical Disability.- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems.- Evaluating Persons with Klinefelter's Syndrome.- Intervention Methods.- Huntington's Disease.- The Physical Disability.- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems.- Evaluating Persons with Huntington's Disease.- Intervention Methods.- Trends and Needs.- Appendix: Sources of Information.- References.- 5 Cerebral Palsy.- The Physical Disability.- Definition.- Incidence.- Motor.- Speech.- Hearing.- Vision.- Intelligence.- Seizures.- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems.- Family.- Intellectual and Emotional Functioning.- Speech.- Self-Concept.- Social and Work Adjustment.- Evaluating Persons with Cerebral Palsy.- Interview.- Psychological Testing.- Intervention Methods.- The Family.- Realistic Expectations, Self-Appraisal, Self-Concept.- Identity and Competence.- Employment and Vocational Counseling.- Behavior Modification.- Trends and Needs.- Appendix: Sources of Information.- References.- 6 Epilepsy.- The Physical Disability.- Classification of Epileptic Seizures.- Prevalence.- Etiology.- Current Treatment Procedures.- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems.- Impact of Seizures.- Misperceptions or Fears Associated with the Diagnosis of Epilepsy.- Epilepsy and Predicaments.- Employment.- Epilepsy and Intellectual Impairment.- Epilepsy and Personality Disorders.- Evaluation of Individuals with Epilepsy.- Impact of Epilepsy on the Adjustment of a Child.- Specialized Assessment for Evaluation of Seizure-Related Transient Mental Deficits.- Intellectual and Cognitive Assessment of Individuals with Epilepsy.- Specialized Neuropsychological Assessment.- Assessment of Issues Pertaining to Epilepsy and Employment.- Intervention Methods.- Trends and Needs.- Appendix: Sources of Information.- References.- 7 Mental Retardation.- The Physical Disability.- Definition.- Levels of Mental Retardation.- Mental Retardation as "Reversible".- Prevalence.- Etiology.- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems.- Impact of Diagnosis.- Altered Feedback.- Peer Relations.- Adult Adjustment.- Evaluating Persons with Mental Retardation.- Recurring Assessment Questions. Infancy, School Years, Adult Years.- Types of Assessment Instruments.- Selection of Assessment Procedure.- Special Considerations.- Intervention Methods.- Intervention: A Framework.- Interdisciplinary Care.- Residential Treatment.- Trends and Needs.- Appendix: Sources of Information.- References.- 8 Spinal Cord Injury.- The Physical Disability.- Incidence.- Acute Care.- Rehabilitation Care.- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems.- Stages of Reaction.- Personality Patterns.- Social and Sexual Adjustment.- Evaluating Persons with Spinal Cord Injury.- Interview.- Psychological Testing.- Intervention Methods.- Early Stages.- The Family.- Independence.- Psychotherapy.- Sex and Marital Counseling.- Vocation.- Trends and Needs.- Appendix: Sources of Information.- References.- 9 Myelomeningocele (Spina Bifida).- The Physical Disability.- Definition.- Incidence and Etiology.- The Decision to Treat.- Associated Problems.- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems.- Family Impact.- Intelligence and Schooling.- Emotional Adjustment.- Vocation.- Evaluating Persons with Myelomeningocele.- Evaluation of the Environment.- Evaluation of the Person.- Intervention Methods.- Intervention Goals.- Intervention with Parents.- Intervention with School Personnel.- Direct Intervention with the Myelomeningocele Patient.- Trends and Needs.- Training of Professional Care Personnel.- Appendix: Sources of Information.- References.- 10 Progressive Muscle Disorders.- The Physical Disability.- Diagnostic Methods.- The Anterior Horn Cell or Lower Motor Neuron.- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems.- Childhood Onset.- Adolescent and Early Adult Onset.- Adult Onset.- Evaluation of Patients with Progressive Muscle Disorder.- Interview.- Psychological Testing.- Intervention Methods.- Trends and Needs.- Appendix: Sources of Information.- References.- 11 Congenital Heart Defects.- The Physical Disability.- Definition and Incidence.- Associated Conditions.- Manifestations.- Diagnosis and Treatment.- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems.- Emotional.- Cognitive.- Evaluating Persons with Congenital Heart Defect.- Intervention Methods.- Trends and Needs.- Appendix: Sources of Information.- References.- 12 Coronary Heart Disease.- The Physical Disability.- Definition and Incidence.- Risk Factors.- Diagnosis.- Treatment.- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems.- Type A Personality.- Post-Coronary.- Evaluating Persons with Coronary Heart Disease.- Intervention Methods.- Trends and Needs.- Appendix: Sources of Information.- References.- 13 Visual Handicaps.- Physical Disability.- Overview.- Incidence and Causation.- Definition of Blindness.- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems.- Parent-Child Interactions.- Early Development and Learning.- Development of Communication Skills.- Psychological and Behavioral Reactions to Blindness.- Evaluating the Blind.- Parental and Environmental Evaluation.- Evaluation of Development and Intelligence.- Evaluation of Personality.- Intervention Methods.- Medical Intervention.- Parent Training and Child Training.- Training the Blind Person.- Rehabilitative and Therapeutic Intervention.- Trends and Needs.- Appendix: Sources of Information.- References.- 14 Hearing Disorders.- The Physical Disability.- Definition and Incidence.- Principal Causes and Medical Treatments for Hearing Loss.- Problems in Identifying Hearing Impairment.- Hearing Aid Amplification.- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems.- Overview.- Family Effects.- Individual Effects.- Evaluating the Hearing-Impaired Person.- General Problem: Communication.- Evaluating Cognitive Ability.- Measurement of Personality.- Evaluation Interview.- Intervention Methods.- The Multidiscipline Approach.- Intervention with the Family.- Educational Methods.- Personal Counseling.- Trends and Needs.- Electrical Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve.- Electrophysiological Audiometry.- Regional Resource Centers.- Public Attitude.- Preventive Procedures.- Appendix: Sources of Information.- References.
10 citations
TL;DR: The process of assimilation of physical disability and of patient management strategies in medical rehabilitation are analyzed in behavioral terms and contingency management strategies for helping are presented.
6 citations
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: Pomerantz and Marholin this paper argue that when individuals are consistently excluded from the environments where socially appropriate behavior and skills are learned, their development will become increasingly retarded, and that deviant behavior and skill deficits lead to exclusion from society.
Abstract: Deviant behavior and skill deficits lead to exclusion from society. … When individuals are consistently excluded from the environments where socially appropriate behavior and skills are learned, their development will become increasingly retarded [Pomerantz & Marholin, 1977, p. 130].
4 citations
4 citations
Journal Article•
3 citations
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: Patients suffering from injury or chronic illness appear to experience greater disability than one would expect from the nature of their physical lesion, and their personality structure places them at risk for developing chronic psychological invalidism.
Abstract: Many patients suffering from injury or chronic illness appear to experience greater disability than one would expect from the nature of their physical lesion. Although one suspects that emotional problems are complicating their somatic illness, the defence of counterdependence masks an overt show of emotional disturbance. Furthermore, their personality structure places them at risk for developing chronic psychological invalidism, the prevention of which requires (1) an early diagnostic recognition of patients characterologically at risk for psychological complications, and (2) behavior of caretakers designed to foster the drive of each patient toward independence and to minimize the regression towards psychological invalidism. Language: en
TL;DR: This article describes how a sex counseling team conducted structured interviews with 26 men and 26 women with spina bifida in regard to their self-image, interpersonal relationships, and psychosexual development.
Abstract: There is considerable evidence of biased attitudes and inappropriate assumptions of expertise concerning sexuality in the physically disabled. For example, at a panel discussion of sexuality and disability at the American Psychological Association convention in 1977, none of the six participants were themselves disabled. One might imagine the outrage that would have ensued if six male "experts" had conducted a comparable panel discussion on female sexuality at a professional gathering in that same year. As another illustration, one sex counseling team conducted structured interviews with 26 men and 26 women with spina bifida (a congenital disability) in regard to their self-image, interpersonal relationships, and psychosexual development. They published their article under the title ,TThe human tragedy of spina bifida"; and upon seeing this article, a young woman sex educator in training, whose spina bifida necessitated that she use a wheelchair, indignantly retorted, "I'm going to write an article
TL;DR: In this paper, physical disability as a determinant of criminal behavior is discussed. But the authors do not consider the effect of mental health on criminal behavior. And they do not address the role of race in criminal behaviour.
Abstract: (1981). Physical Disability as a Determinant of Criminal Behaviour. Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 26-32.