Showing papers on "Potassium dichromate published in 1983"
TL;DR: From the failure to select lymphocytes directed specifically against a chromium determinant of a particular valence it is concluded that by sensitization with chromium salts of different valences a common determinant or closely related determinants are formed.
345 citations
TL;DR: EDTA significantly reduced the number and severity of patch test reactions to nickel sulphate but not those to potassium dichromate or trivalent chromium, and the minimum level of each metal required to provoke a patch test reaction was considerably greater than that found in fabric washing powder solutions.
Abstract: Minimum eliciting levels of nickel have been estimated in 25 nickel-sensitive subjects, and of chromium in 14 chromium-sensitive subjects by patch tests with aqueous solutions of the respective metals. The minimum level of each metal required to provoke a patch test reaction was considerably greater than that found in fabric washing powder solutions and was in the majority of patients tested of the order of 112 ppm nickel (0.05% nickel sulphate) or 885 ppm hexavalent chromium (0.25% potassium dichromate). One nickel-sensitive subject and one chromium-sensitive subject reacted to 1 ppm of the respective metal. Fabric washing powder did not significantly alter the patch test reaction to nickel sulphate or provoke reactions in nickel- or chromium-sensitive subjects. EDTA significantly reduced the number and severity of patch test reactions to nickel sulphate but not those to potassium dichromate or trivalent chromium.
87 citations
TL;DR: Results indicate that LMCr plays an important role in the detoxification and excretion of chromium in mammals and remarkably reduced the mortality rates of mice acutely poisoned with chromium chloride.
59 citations
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: Surface chemical analysis by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was undertaken on 316 LVM stainless steel in the attempt to better understand corrosion occurring in vivo and it was demonstrated that the corrosion products generated by fretting in saline had an oxidation state similar to that of chronic chloride.
Abstract: Surface chemical analysis by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was undertaken on 316 LVM stainless steel in the attempt to better understand corrosion occurring in vivo. Samples were dipped in saline or in blood serum, corroded in serum or saline by the application of a 5 volt anodic potential, or corroded by fretting. The products produced by fretting corrosion were also examined. XPS analysis revealed rapid protein coating of the stainless steel surfaces exposed to serum, changes in the oxidation state of the surfaces, and changes in the chlorine on the surface. In addition it was demonstrated that the corrosion products generated by fretting in saline had an oxidation state similar to that of chronic chloride whereas the corrosion products generated in serum had an oxidation state similar to that of potassium dichromate. These findings may have important implications since the chromium in dichromate is more biologically active than that in chronic chloride.
28 citations
TL;DR: The chromatographic procedure was applied to study the effects of hexavalent chromium (potassium dichromate) on purine metabolism, causing a marked unbalance of both the guanylate and adenylate pool, which was seen as a strong decrease in the level of triphosphates and accumulation of their precursors.
Abstract: A rapid, sensitive, and reproducible separation of purine bases, nucleosides and nucleotides by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography is described. A multi-step gradient of acetonitrile in 0.1 M potassium phosphate was used to detect picomole amounts of each compound within 22 min. The high sensitivity of the method made it suitable for the analysis of purine nucleotide pools extracted from 1--2 × 106 hamster fibroblasts grown as monolayer (BHK line) and for the detection of purine bases and nucleosides leaked form the cells into the incubation media. The chromatographic procedure was applied to study the effects of hexavalent chromium (potassium dichromate) on purine metabolism. Several steps are affected by this treatment, causing a marked unbalance of both the guanylate and adenylate pool, which was seen as a strong decrease in the level of triphosphates and accumulation of their precursors.
23 citations
TL;DR: The ingestion of potassium dichromate is highly toxic and may rapidly lead to death and Hemodialysis and charcoal hemoperfusion appear to have little role in the management of chromium intoxication.
Abstract: A fatal case of oral ingestion of potassium dichromate is presented. Following an initial presentation of abdominal pain and vomiting, the patient had a rapid progression to coma with the development of methemoglobinemia, coagulopathy, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and respiratory distress syndrome. A blood concentration of chromium on admission was 5,800 mcg/dL, 80% of which was found to be in the intracellular fraction. Supportive treatment was also initiated as a four-hour period of hemodialysis followed by a one-hour period of charcoal hemoperfusion. Neither of these treatment modalities was found to significantly remove chromium from whole blood and neither seemed to affect the progression or outcome of this intoxication. We conclude that the ingestion of potassium dichromate is highly toxic and may rapidly lead to death. Hemodialysis and charcoal hemoperfusion appear to have little role in the management of chromium intoxication.
17 citations
TL;DR: Mouse blastocysts and egg cylinders were treated in vitro with potassium dichromate and the effects on postimplantation development and induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were determined.
Abstract: Mouse blastocysts and egg cylinders were treated in vitro with potassium dichromate (K/sub 2/Cr/sub 2/O/sub 7/, 5 X 10/sup -7/ to 2 X 10/sup -6/ M), and the effects on postimplantation development and induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were determined.
16 citations
TL;DR: Isoxazole alcohols can be oxidized by potassium dichromate in neutral organic media to give the corresponding aldehydes, without destruction of the isoxazole ring as mentioned in this paper.
14 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The DNA synthesis test seems to be a reliable in vitro method to aid in the diagnosis of chromium sensitivity, as measured by increased DNA synthesis.
Abstract: Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 31 patients with a positive patch test to potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and from 24 healthy controls were stimulated with various concentrations of chromium chloride (CrCl3) and/or chromium basic sulphate (Cr4(SO4)5(OH)2), sodium chromate (Na2CrO4) or K2Cr2O7 on various days of culture. Both trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds could induce lymphocyte transformation, as measured by increased DNA synthesis. The response occurred in the T-enriched population and was monocyte dependent. Lymphocytes from 11 of these patients could not be stimulated with the chromium compounds in vitro, whereas the in vivo serial dilution test (SDT) was positive in 4 and negative in 7 of them. Lymphocytes from 2 patients with a negative in vivo SDT showed a positive response in vitro. The strength of the in vivo SDT results did not correlate well with the height of in vitro responses. The DNA synthesis test seems to be a reliable in vitro method to aid in the diagnosis of chromium sensitivity.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the dissolution rate of millerite (β-NiS) in sulphuric acid solutions containing potassium dichromate has been determined by measurement of the rate of nickel ion formation.
14 citations
TL;DR: 194 patients were standard photopatch tested with Wastar® as is (coal tar 5%) and 161 patients were photopatched tested with para‐aminobenzoic acid (PABA) 5% in alcohol, potassium dichromate 0.5 in petrolatum, and a mixture of balsams of Peru as is.
Abstract: 194 patients were standard photopatch tested with Wastar® as is (coal tar 5%) and 161 patients were photopatched tested with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) 5% in alcohol, potassium dichromate 0.5 in petrolatum, and a mixture of balsams of Peru as is. The photopatches were irradiated with UVA.
40 patients (25%) had phototoxic reactions to Waxtar® and 4 of them showed pigmentation after 7 days. Only a few patients had photocontact urticaria. I patient had a late-reaction to PABA and showed a cross-reaction to glyceryl PABA but a negative reaction to paraphenylenediamine (PPD) and benzociane 5% in the standard test.
No patients had positive photopatch reactions to potassium dichromate when irradiated with UVA.2 patients had phototoxic reactions to balsam of Peru. None had photoallergic reactions.
Standard photopatch testing is a time consuming procedure which creates problems both for the staff and for the patients. The yield of unexpected, relevant positive reactions is insignificant.
From a cost-benefit view, photopatch testing is only warranted in cases giving rise to a clinical suspiction of photodermatitis.
Patent•
31 Oct 1983TL;DR: In this article, the surface preparation of a sample of n-type silicon material in preparation for measurements for determining the minority carrier diffusion length by the surface photovoltage method comprises applying a strong oxidizing agent to an appropriately prepared surface of a semiconductor material such as silicon.
Abstract: A method of treating the surface of a sample of n-type silicon material in preparation for measurements for determining the minority carrier diffusion length of the material by the surface photovoltage method comprises applying a strong oxidizing agent to an appropriately prepared surface of a semiconductor material such as silicon. The oxidizing agent is taken from the group consisting of potassium permanganate [KMnO4 ], potassium dichromate [K2 Cr2 O7 ], and ammonium dichromate [(NH4)2 Cr2 O7 ]. The surface preparation assures a consistently large surface photovoltage that is stable during the surface photovoltage measurement for minority carrier diffusion length.
TL;DR: A modification of Gomori's hexamine silver technique is given as a simple, reliable method for the nonspecific demonstration of Legionella pneumophila in paraffin sections and when tested against serogroups I to VI it was found that pretreatment with potassium dichromate rendered L. pneumophILA demonstrable by theGomori-Burtner hexaminesilver solution when buffered to pH 7.8.
Abstract: A modification of Gomori's hexamine silver technique is given as a simple, reliable method for the nonspecific demonstration of Legionella pneumophila in paraffin sections. When tested against serogroups I to VI it was found that pretreatment with potassium dichromate rendered L. pneumophila demonstrable by the Gomori-Burtner hexamine silver solution when buffered to pH 7.8. Tissue was fixed in 10% buffered formalin and sections were cut at 3-5 microns. After treatment with 10% potassium dichromate for 1 hour at room temperature, sections are placed in the silver solution at 56 C until they develop a pale golden yellow color, at which point they are checked periodically under the microscope for optimal staining (approximately 3-4 hours). Sections are then toned, fixed and counterstained in 1% neutral red. The L. pneumophila coccobacilli stain black against a clear background, while nuclei stain red/black.