Showing papers on "Potassium nitrate published in 1984"

The influence of light and potassium nitrate on the dormancy and germination of avenafatua l. (wildoat) seed and its ecological significance

Abstract: Summary It has been suggested that applications of nitrogen-containing fertilizers can stimulate the germination of dormant Avena fatua L. seed in the field and may be used to reduce numbers of seeds in the soil. However, it is not clear whether a subsequent cultivation imposing a light treatment on a proportion of the buried seeds is also necessary. To study this question potassium nitrate (KNO3) was applied to dormant seed of A. fatua in darkness and in light under controlled laboratory conditions. Potassium nitrate had very little effect on germination in darkness but concentrations of 2 × 10−4, 2 × 10−3 and 2 × 10−2 M stimulated germination in the light. The degree of stimulation by light was related to the proportion of phytochrome that was maintained as Pfr, the physiologically active form. In the presence of 2 × 10−1 M KNO3 no germination occurred either in light or in darkness.

Gas generant for air bag inflators

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention there are provided gas generating compositions comprising sodium azide, silicon dioxide, potassium nitrate, molybdenum disulfide and sulfur.

Thermal conductivity of molten salts, HTS and the lithium nitrate-sodium nitrate system, using a modified transient hot-wire method

Abstract: Mesures realisees jusqu'a 593 K au moyen d'un nouvel appareil avec sonde au mercure. Pour HTS (KNO 3 -NaNO 3 -NaNO 3 , 44-7-49 mol%), les resultats varient peu avec la temperature

Ionic strength dependence of formation constants. Part 4. Potentiometric study of the system Cu2+-Ni2+-citrate

Abstract: The ternary Cu2+-Ni2+-citrate (cit3−) system was investigated potentiometrically in aqueous solution, at different temperatures, 10≤t≤45°C, and ionic strengths, 0.03≤I≤0.8 mol dm−3, using potassium nitrate or tetraethylammonium bromide as background salt. Since the citrate anion forms weak complexes with potassium, the stability constants here reported differ according to whether the potassium association is considered or not. In the presence of both Cu2+ and Ni2+, the mixed metal species, [CuNi(cit)2H−2]4− is formed with citrate in solution, in addition to the various binary complexes. We have obtained the dependence for all the formation constants on ionic strength and temperature. The previous suggestions concerning a general equation for describing the dependence, log β=f(I), are confirmed; from the study of log β=f(T) we have obtained the values of thermodynamic parameters. The dependence of ΔH on ionic strength is discussed.

Conductance studies in amide-water mixtures. VI: Nitrates of sodium, potassium, and ammonium in N,N-dimethylformamide−water mixtures at 25°C

Abstract: Conductance data for the nitrates of sodium, potassium, and ammonium in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) – water mixtures (74.39 ≥ D ≥ 36.11) at 25 °C are reported for the concentration range 0.0003–0.0...

Lithium-boron anodes in nitrate thermal battery cells

Abstract: A thermally activated electrochemical cell utilizes a lithium-boron anode and a molten nitrate electrolyte selected from the group consisting of lithium nitrate, a mixture of lithium nitrate and sodium nitrate, a mixture of lithium nitrate and potassium nitrate, and a mixture of lithium nitrate and sodium nitrate with potassium nitrate, to provide improved cell electrical performance. The electrolyte is contained on a fiberglass separator and the electrolyte adjacent to the cathode may contain silver nitrate as well. Current densities over 300 mA/cm2 with a usable temperature range of over 150° C. have been obtained. Anode open circuit potentials of about 3.2 V were found with little polarization at 100 mA/cm2 and with very slight polarization at 300 mA/cm2.

Process for simultaneously crystallizing components of EAK explosive

Abstract: Improved process for manufacturing an explosive eutectic composition comprising about 46% by weight ammonium nitrate, about 46% by weight ethylene diamine dinatrate, and about 8% by weight potassium nitrate. First, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, water, nitric acid, and ethylene diamine are reacted in aqueous solution to produce the indicated components of the eutectic mixture. Then the solution is cooled to supersaturate each solute thereof and passed through a continuous crystallizer to crystallize the components of the product in eutectic proportions. The product is then separated from the mother liquor, which is recycled. The process can be operated continuously and safely without producing by-products or employing solvents which must be evaporated from the composition or disposed of.

Production of hyaluronic acid

Abstract: PURPOSE: To readily obtain high-molecular weight hyaluronic acid according to a fermentation method by adding an inorganic nitrogen source together with an organic nitrogen source and carrying out fermentation in culturing a microorganism. CONSTITUTION: A microorganism (e.g., bacterium Streptomyces pyogenes) having the ability to produce hyaluronic acid is cultured. In the process, preferably 0.1-1.0wt.% (based on the culture medium) inorganic nitrogen source (preferably ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate or diammonium phosphate), together with an organic nitrogen source (e.g., yeast extract or peptone), is added to produce high-molecular weight hyaluronic acid in the resultant culture solution by fermentation. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO&Japio

Sulfur in History: The Role of Sulfur in “Black Powder”

Abstract: After a short outline of the history of black powder the subject of this article is a discussion of the concerted mechanism of the reactions in exploding gunpowder. Evidently, the first step of the powder reaction is the reduction of potassium nitrate to nitrite by charcoal and/or hydrogen sulfide, which originates from the reaction of sulfur with the minor hydrogen content of charcoal. Sulfur is then inserted into the nitrite to yield potassium thionitrate, KSNO2. The latter causes a rapid ignition of the charcoal/nitrate mixture through its strongly exothermic decomposition into thiosulfate and dinitrogen oxide, which is totally consumed by its explosive reaction with carbon monoxide to yield nitrogen and carbon dioxide.

Treatment of heated belt-like material

Abstract: PURPOSE:To coat uniformly a required amt. of molten salt or an aq. soln. thereof by coating a molten salt consisting essentially of a mixture composed of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide or an aq. soln. thereof on the surface of a heated belt-like material by using rolls. CONSTITUTION:A molten salt 4 consisting essentially of a mixture composed of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide having <=200 deg.C softening point is coated continuously on a heated steel strip 1 traveling downward by coating rolls 2 via supply rolls 3. The mixture prepd. by compounding an oxidizing agent such as potassium nitrate with a salt mixture composed of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide at about 1pt.:1/3-3pts. and having about 150-200 deg.C softening point is adequate as the above-mentioned salt 4 and is preferably coated to about 1mum thickness as a pretreatment for descaling of the strip 1. The rolls lined with rubber or plastic are used for the rolls 2, by which the damage of the strip 1 is prevented in the case of coating said salt in the form of an aq. soln.

Powdered liquid electrolyte

Abstract: A powdered, liquid electrolyte for use in an electrochemical sensor comprises a mixture of a liquid electrolyte and formed silica, the silica comprising not less than 25 wt% of the combination, which mixture has been compacted under pressure. The silica may comprise up to 70wt% of the mixture and the electrolyte is preferably sulphuric acid of concentration 0.1 to 40% but may also be hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, potassium chloride, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or potassium nitrate. The electrolyte 36 may be used in a sensor for carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides or hydrogen, the sensor having three electrodes 20,22,42 as shown or two electrodes.

Raman spectroscopic studies of the structure of supersaturated KNO//3 solutions

Abstract: Laser Raman spectroscopy was used to study the nu //1 (A//1) band of aqueous potassium nitrate solution. The purpose was to establish the relationship between solution structure, nucleation and gro ...

Surface treatment of fin of heat exchanger

Abstract: PURPOSE:To enable fins of a heat exchanger to be treated to be hydrophilic in a single step of simply immersing in a treating liquid, at a low temperature and in a short time. CONSTITUTION:Aluminum fins of the heat exchanger are immersed in a treating liquid containing 0.01-20mol/l of a nitrate such as potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate and made to be basic by adding a base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide, whereby a hydrophilic film is formed on the surfaces of the fins through the aluminum-dissolving action of the base and the action of the nitrate as an oxidizing agent. The surfaces of the fins can be made to be hydrophilic in any treating conditions, and particularly, a highly hydrophilic surfaces can be obtained by setting the concentration of potassium nitrate and the treating temperature to be a little higher.

Nitrate Assimilatiun in Leaf Blades of Eucalyptus

Abstract: The method for assay of in vivo nitrate roduclase (NR) activity was standardised for for Eucalypllls leaf blades. The maximum activlly (m moles NO 3 - reduced g dr wt -1 H -1 was obtained with a 0.1 m phosphate buffer of pH 7.5 and 0.025 potassium nitrate concentration. Among the ten Individual lear blades (in descending order from the tip) maximum NR activity (m moles NO - 3 reduced g dry wt -1 H -1 ) was obServed in the young (juvenile) ones, and further it dedreased with the increase in the age. Whereas, the total NR activity per leaf blade was higher in the middle order leaves (4th to 6th) and lowest in the tenth leaf. An increase in the fresh and dry weights of The leaves was observed upto seventh leaf, thereafter it remained almost constant.

Process for producing and decomposing syngenite for producing k.sub.3h(so.sub.4).sub.2 crystals and potassium sulfate crystals, and for producing potassium nitrate

Abstract: A process for producing K2SO4 from potassium chloride salts, calcium sulphate salts and another sulphate source wherein syngenite is formed and then decomposed. In one embodiment, syngenite is decomposed to produce crystalline K3H(SO4)2. The K3H(SO4)2 crystals are recrystallized to produce K2SO4 crystals. In another embodiment, syngenite is decomposed to produce KNO3 in solution and solid CaSO4. The solution containing the KNO3 is separated from the CaSO4 precipitate and subjected to a crystallization step, followed by recovery of the solid crystalline KNO3.

Process for thermal treatment of workpieces made of thermoplastics

Abstract: Process for thermal treatment of workpieces made of thermoplastics. he workpiece is immersed in a liquid heat-treatment bath, which is formed by a melt of a heated salt or mixture of salts. The melt is heated to the required temperature range for heating the material of the special workpiece and is held in this temperature range - suitably thermostatically controlled. The melt serving as heat-treatment bath is preferably prepared by heating potassium nitrate and/or sodium nitrite and/or sodium nitrate.

Fate of Nitrite in the Mouse after Administration of 15N-Labelled Sodium Nitrite or Potassium Nitrate

Abstract: The fate of nitrate in various tissues of the mouse after administration of Na15NO2 or K15NO3 is described. The method for determining NO3-15N is based on the formation of 4-15NO2-2-sec-butylphenol by the reaction of nitrate and 2-sec-butylphenol in aqueous (5:7) sulfuric acid at room temperature for 15min and subsequent trimethylsilylation to form the trimethylsilyl ester of 4-15NO2-2-sec-butylphenol, which is then determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring (m/e 239). Amounts of 0.3-5.0μg of NO3-15N can be determined. The detection limit of NO3-15N for the whole procedure was 0.08μg/ml. This is a specific method for NO3-15N. We used this method to carry out a metabolic fate study of nitrate in various tissues of mouse following a single oral dose of 100μg or 500μg of NO2-15N or NO3-15N. The NO3-15N concentrations in brain, lung, spleen, heart, the kidney and liver were followed for 180min after oral administration. In the case of Na15NO2 administration, the amounts of NO3-15N detected in various tissues derived from K15NO3 reached the maximum values at 30min after administration, then gradually decreased. In the case of K15NO3 administration, the amounts of NO3-15N detected in various tissues reached the maximum values at 45min after administration, then gradually decreased.

Materials for latent heat storage at 573 k

Abstract: Storage of thermal energy as latent heat of fusion has the advantages of constant temperature operation and reduced volume requirements. Suitable phase change materials (PCMs) can be selected based on thermophysical properties such as melting point, latent heat, density, specific heat, thermal conductivity etc. Thermophysical properties of single, binary and ternary systems of nitrates, hydroxides, halides, chromates, and dichromates of sodium and potassium having melting point in the range of 573 K to 633 K are discussed in this paper. A differential scanning calorimeter was used to determine transition temperature, latent heat and specific heat. Properties were measured for samples subjected to a number of heating and cooling cycles. Correlations were developed for molten salt density of potassium dichromate, potassium chloride-potassium nitrate and potassium chloride-potassium dichromate from experimental data obtained using Archemedean method. An equation for thermal conductivity of sodium nitrate was developed. The results indicate the suitability of sodium hydroxide, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride-potassium nitrate etc., for thermal storage applications around 573 K.