Showing papers on "Protein Z published in 2010"
TL;DR: The results of this meta-analysis are consistent with a role for protein Z deficiency in thrombotic diseases, including arterialThrombosis, pregnancy complications and venous thromboembolism.
Abstract: The relationship between protein Z levels and thrombosis is controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available studies to assess the association between protein Z and vascular thrombotic diseases. We conducted an electronic literature search through MedLine, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, bibliographies of retrieved articles and abstracts of congresses up to October, 2009. Studies were included if they analysed protein Z levels in patients with vascular thrombotic diseases. After the review process, 28 case-control studies (33 patient cohorts), including 4,218 patients with thrombotic diseases and 4,778 controls, were selected for analysis. The overall analysis using a random-effects model showed that low protein Z levels were associated with an increased risk of thrombosis (odds ratio [OR] 2.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.05–4.12; p<0.00001). On subgroup analysis, a significant association was found between low protein Z levels and arterial vascular diseases (OR 2.67, 95%CI 1.60–4.48; p=0.0002), pregnancy complications (OR 4.17, 95%CI 2.31–7.52; p<0.00001), and venous thromboembolic diseases (OR 2.18, 95%CI 1.19–4.00; p=0.01). The results of this meta-analysis are consistent with a role for protein Z deficiency in thrombotic diseases, including arterial thrombosis, pregnancy complications and venous thromboembolism.
65 citations
TL;DR: Oral EE administration has a broad impact on the mouse coagulation profile at the level of both plasma and hepatic mRNA levels, and the effects on transcription are rapidly induced, mostly downregulatory, and principally mediated by ERα.
53 citations
TL;DR: Protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI) is present in loco in human breast cancer tissue and may play a role in the development of aggressive breast cancer.
Abstract: Protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI) is present in loco in human breast cancer tissue -
15 citations
TL;DR: The frequency of intron F G79A polymorphism of protein Z gene was higher in patients than controls, and carrying 79 AA genotype could be a risk factor for severe sepsis and septic shock.
Abstract: The aim of the study is to investigate whether the presence of a protein Z polymorphism is a risk factor for the development and outcome of sepsis. Sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by the presence of systemic signs and symptoms of inflammation. When sepsis leads to organ failure, the term severe sepsis and septic shock is used. The genetic causes of severe sepsis are not fully explained. Protein Z is a vitamin K— dependent glycoprotein and a member of the coagulation cascade. The study included 53 patients with severe sepsis and 70 control healthy volunteers without a familial history of thrombosis. The G79A polymorphism of intron F of the protein Z gene was analyzed by the method of polymerase chain reaction—based DNA analysis. The protein Z intron F G79A polymorphism frequencies of the patients and controls were 43.4% and 40%, respectively. Carrying 79 AA genotype could be a risk factor for severe sepsis and septic shock (OR = 4.5, 95% CI: 0.45-46.1), but it could not find any difference betw...
8 citations
TL;DR: The roles of PZ plasma level and PZ gene polymorphisms remain debated with conflicting results in arterial, venous, or placental thrombosis, which can be explained by the heterogeneity of populations chosen as control, by the PZ interindividual variability,by the small size of the cohorts in mainly retrospective studies.
Abstract: Protein Z (PZ) is a vitamin K dependent protein acting as the cofactor of the protein Z dependent inhibitor (ZPI), in the inhibition of activated factor X bound on the phospholipids. Normal plasma protein Z concentrations have wide variations among individuals, partly explained by a genetic control. Several protein Z gene polymorphisms influence plasma concentration, separately and in combination. The role of PZ in blood coagulation regulation has been demonstrated in vitro. The responsibility of low PZ level in the occurrence of thrombosis has been questioned. However, the roles of PZ plasma level and PZ gene polymorphisms remain debated with conflicting results in arterial, venous, or placental thrombosis. These discrepancies can be explained by the heterogeneity of populations chosen as control, by the PZ interindividual variability, by the small size of the cohorts in mainly retrospective studies and perhaps by the lack of real important influence of this protein on coagulation. PZ measurement is not actually considered as a biological marker of thrombophilia. Large prospective studies remain to be done to investigate its possible role in thrombosis.
3 citations
TL;DR: The present article describes the significance of the ZPI-PZ system in venous and arterial thrombosis, adverse pregnancy outcomes and antiphospholipid syndrome complications.
Abstract: Thrombotic complications of unknown etiology remain a serious diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Occurrence of the inherited polymorphisms of genes encoding proteins involved in the coagulation cascade is one of the possible causes of these complications. In recent years, protein Z (PZ) and PZ-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI) have been added to the list of prothrombotic factors. PZ is a glycoprotein serving as a cofactor of ZPI, which is responsible for the inhibition of prothrombinase. Expression of the PZ gene is under the control of many transcriptional factors; several polymorphisms alternate the rate of gene expression. The present article describes the significance of the ZPI-PZ system in venous and arterial thrombosis, adverse pregnancy outcomes and antiphospholipid syndrome complications.
3 citations
01 Dec 2010
TL;DR: Even though there were no clinically detectable thromboembolic complications in the studied children with nephrotic syndrome, the plasma levels of protein Z and antithrombin III activity were significantly decreased in children in the acute stage of the neph rotational syndrome, while those in the remission stage returned to normal values.
Abstract: Background: In children with the nephrotic syndrome, acquired deficiency of anticoagulant proteins due to loss in the urine has been proposed as one of the major thrombogenic alterations. Low levels of protein Z, which is a single chain vitamin K-dependant glycoprotein synthesized by the liver, were reported to be a risk factor for increased incidence of thrombosis. Another biologic antagonist of coagulation is antithrombin III which has a relatively low molecular weight and expected to be lost in urine in patients with nephritic syndrome.Objectives: Evaluation of both plasma protein Z levels, and antithrombin III activity as markers of thrombogenic disorders in children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome, and to elicit the relationship between their plasma levels in nephrotic children and different stages of the disease.Methods: This study was carried out on 30 children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome with no thromboembolic manifestations. They were classified into 2 groups; group (I) included 15 children in the acute stage of nephrotic syndrome, and group (II) included 15 children in the remission stage of nephrotic syndrome under treatment with corticosteroids only. Fifteen healthy age and sex matched children were chosen as a control group; group 111.Results: The mean plasma levels of both protein Z and of antithrombin III activity (%) in children with acute stage (group I) were significantly lower than those of children in remission (group II) and control group (group III) while there was no significant difference in these levels when group II was compared to group III. In group I, there was a significant positive correlation between protein Z and antithrombin III activity (%) (r-value = 0.83, p-value = 0.0001). Also, there were significant positive correlations between both parameters and total serum protein, serum albumin while there were significant negative correlations of both protein Z and antithrombin III to 24 hours protein in urine.Conclusion: Even though there were no clinically detectable thromboembolic complications in the studied children with nephrotic syndrome, the plasma levels of protein Z and antithrombin III activity (%) were significantly decreased in children in the acute stage of the nephrotic syndrome, while those in the remission stage, plasma levels of protein Z and antithrombin III returned to normal values. Thus, children in the acute stage of nephrotic syndrome are still susceptible to thromboembolic complications and need close observation.