Showing papers on "Real image published in 1976"

Electronic optical transfer function analyzer

Abstract: An electronic optical analyzer for use in systems such as optical transfer function analyzers eliminates mechanical scanning systems and comprises entirely electronic image dissection means for dissecting an image transmitted by an optical system under test and producing an electric output signal representative of the beam intensity at a selected element of the image. The image dissection means is preferably (in the case of visible light) an image dissector tube whose positioning coils serve as an image element addressing means. The system is useable with any optical system including visible light, other electromagnetic radiation or charged particles (ions or electrons) so long as the image dissection means is responsive to the beam in question. The optical system under test must produce a real image at the image dissection surface of the image dissection means in order for readily evaluatable data to be obtained. The entire system is preferably computer controlled in order to obtain the necessary data quickly and accurately and to calculate the optical transfer function of the optical system under test on line. With this system both the modulation transfer function and the phase transfer function may be calculated. The digital computer can control the analyzer in any of several modes such as single scan, multiple scan with averaging of values to improve the signal to noise ratio and pass/fail production testing. output from the computer can be in any of several forms, such as displays on display devices, printouts or process control commands such as accept/reject commands in production testing.

X-Ray Holographic Microscopy

Abstract: Applications of the holography to the X-ray region are described. Two types of the image-reconstructing process are attempted. In-line holograms of line-like objects of chemical fibers and point-like objects of red blood cells are made by using Al Kα radiation (8.34A) from a two-stage fine focus X-ray generator. Magnified real images are reconstructed from the negative holograms using a He-Ne laser (6328A) . A resolution of about 4 μm is obtained in this imaging process. On the other hand, a lensless Fourier-transform hologram of a model object like a row of slits is made by using an electron synchrotron radiation (60A) . A magnified real image is reconstructed by a Fourier-transform method, where a magnification factor of 158 is obtained. Several factors limiting the image resolution are discussed.

View finder optical system

Abstract: A view finder optical system suitable for use in a single or twin lens reflex camera, using an image erecting-and-reflecting optical element. This optical element functions to change the image to be photographed appearing on the focusing plate of the camera to an erect real image which stands at a proper distance from the eyepiece of the camera. This makes it possible to increase the magnification of the view finder as much as required simply by using a short focal length eyepiece.

Electron image detection system

Abstract: An image detection system in which a subject is supported in a position for a source of electromagnetic rays to traverse at least a portion of the subject and have the traversing rays picked up by a photointensifier which directly converts the electromagnetic rays to light rays by use of a fiber optic type scintillator converter, directly converts the light rays to a projected electronic image by a cathode face, intensifies the projected electronic image, converts the intensified electronic image back to light rays and finally displays the converted light rays on a display surface to provide a positive and vivid photographic type image of the traversing rays on the display surface.

Light pipe image display

Abstract: Apparatus for displaying at a screen area a light image taken from an image source using light pipes to transmit component elements of the source image which are arranged in a pattern at the screen area to compose the display image on an enlarged scale, the light pipes being spaced apart at the screen area to provide the desired enlargement of the displayed image and to leave interstices through which sound can pass from a loudspeaker behind the screen, the image source being either a complete image whose component elements are continuously present, a scanned image where only part of the elements are actually present at the source at one time, or scanned series of individual image elements appearing successively in time, the necessary persistence to compose a complete image being in the observer's eye or being present in the apparatus as a luminescent substance added to the display screen or to the light pipes.

High speed wide angle objective lens system

Abstract: An extremely high speed wide angle objective lens system, wherein a reducing Newtonian finder telescope is arranged in front of an objective lens group which produces a real image on an image plane. Rules or conditions are stated, and several specific examples are given. In many of the examples, the back focus distance is relatively large, thus making the lens system suitable for use with a mirror reflex camera where room is needed for swinging the reflex mirror.

System to augment magnification of optical microscope - has sets of plane convex and concave mirrors reflecting UV light to electronic receiver

Abstract: The optical microscope develops a real image which is electronically surveyed and amplified The product of the modulation functions of the optical and electrical amplifications is held as a constant function of the band frequency of the image former The optical system uses ultra-violet light The object field may be light, dark, phase-contrast, interference contrast or fluorescent In the optical system incident light is reflected by a 45 deg angle mirror (20) to a convex reflector (21) and a pair of concave reflectors (22) through the object (1) and thence through aperture stops (25) and a similar set of mirrors (26, 27) to the pick-up device

Three-dimensional imaging from a unidirectional hologram: wide-viewing-zone projection type.

Abstract: In ordinary holography reconstructing a virtual image, the hologram must be wider than either the visual field or the viewing zone. In this paper, an economical method of recording a wide-viewing-zone wide-visual-field 3-D holographic image is proposed. In this method, many mirrors are used to collect object waves onto a small hologram. In the reconstruction, a real image from the hologram is projected onto a horizontally direction-selective stereoscreen through the same mirrors. In the experiment, satisfactory 3-D images have been observed from a wide viewing zone. The optimum design and information reduction techniques are also discussed.

Automatic image focusing system for cameras

Abstract: A light refracting optical element such as a prism is inserted in the optical path of the objective of a camera substantially on the focal plane of the objective. The light refracting optical element is mounted on a transparent plate and periodically moved in a plane perpendicular to the optical path. A photodetector is provided on which an image of the real image formed by the objective is focused by way of a focusing lens. The photodetector is connected to an electric circuit which amplifies an alternating current component of the output of the photodetector. When the real image of the objective is formed on the light refracting optical element, the output of the photodetector does not contain an alternating component. When the real image of the objective is formed on a plane displaced from the light refracting optical element, the output of the photodetector contains an alternating current component having the same frequency as that of the periodical movement of the light refracting optical element.

Indicator in a finder

Abstract: In the disclosed single lens reflex camera a focusing screen presents exposure information in addition to an image of the scene to be photographed. The image area of the screen is surrounded by walls protruding upward from and integral with the screen to prevent dust from entering the image area and to space the viewfinder lens from the screen in a dust tight manner along all or most of the periphery. Also disclosed is a pointer in a second area adjacent to one wall outside the image area which indicates information on a scale or a sliding plate. A fresnel lens, angled edge, or other means formed on the upper and/or lower side of the screen directs light to both the image area and the second area.

Very bright wide angle objective lens having back focal length at long image side

Abstract: An extremely high speed wide angle objective lens system, wherein a reducing Newtonian finder telescope is arranged in front of an objective lens group which produces a real image on an image plane. Rules or conditions are stated, and several specific examples are given. In many of the examples, the back focus distance is relatively large, thus making the lens system suitable for use with a mirror reflex camera where room is needed for swinging the reflex mirror.