Showing papers on "Residual frame published in 1989"

Method and apparatus for video signal encoding, decoding and monitoring

Abstract: Unique digital codes are encoded on a video signal, the codes are retrieved at receivers and precise information concerning the time of occurrence, length, nature and quality of a monitored broadcast at a frame by frame level, is generated. The codes are inserted on scan lines of the video, and vary either on a field-to-field or frame-to-frame basis. The code has a repeating first part having a unique program material identifier indicating the time, date and place of encoding, and has a second portion that varies in a predetermined non-repeating sequence which varies along the entire length of the tape, thereby uniquely identifying each frame of the video program material. Also encoded upon successive frames is a cyclic counter code with a count corresponding to the sequence of the identifier data on successive frames. When the video signal is processed by a receiver, the first portion identifier data from the various frames is mapped into selected memory locations in accordance with the count of the frame as determined by the second portion. Odd and even fields are encoded with complementary bit sequences to assist in processing the encoded data. Whenever the frame sequence is interrupted a data packet is generated representative of the condition encountered. The data packets are accumulated in log files in a memory in the receiver. The log files are transmitted to a data center, as is a copy of the encoded tape. Reports concerning the broadcast are generated.

Voice decoding device

Abstract: PURPOSE: To improve voice quality of a decoded voice in a interpolation frame in which a coding parameter of the frame cannot be used directly due to an error of transmission path and the like. CONSTITUTION: When a frame received by a parameter separation/interpolation discriminator 101 is not an interpolation frame, a switcher 105 is turned to an (a) side and normal voice decoding is performed by a voice decoder 106. On the other hand, when a frame is an interpolation frame, first, an optimum pitch period for frame interpolation of the frame is decided by an interpolation pitch period decoder 104 using a driving sound source being an output of a driving sound source holder 103 and plural pitch periods of a preceding frame from a preceding frame coding parameter holder 102, after a pitch period parameter of the preceding frame coding parameter holder 102 is replaced, the switcher 105 is turned to a (b) side, and voice decoding for interpolation frame is performed by the voice decoder 106. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO

Scrambling/descrambling method using a memory for storing initial pseudo-random bit patterns respectively for submultiframes

Abstract: In a communications system, a multiframe data signal is sent from a transmit end to a receive end of the system The multiframe is composed of a series of submultiframes each containing a series of frames Each frame in turn comprises a sync word for establishing the start timing of the frame, an identifier for uniquely identifying the submultiframe in which the frame is contained, and a specified number of data bits A pseudo-random scrambling bit pattern, which repeats at intervals of multiframe and varies from one pattern to another at frame intervals, is generated as a scrambling bit pattern with which the data bits of each frame are scrambled prior to transmission At the receive end, the sync word of each frame is detected to establish frame synchronization A memory stores initial bit patterns each of which is identical to the pattern which was generated at the beginning of each submultiframe The identifier is detected when frame sync is established and applied as a read address to the memory The initial bit pattern of the submultiframe which is next to a one in which the establishment of frame sync occurred is read out of the memory into a pseudo-random sequence generator The latter is activated at the beginning of the next submultiframe to generate a pseudo-random sequence, which successively varies at frame intervals and repeats the same pattern at multiframe intervals, for descrambling received data bits

System for assembling playback data frames using indexed frame buffer group according to logical frame numbers in valid subcode or frame header

Abstract: Apparatus and method for assembling data read from a data storage DAT tape into data groups. A tape data processing circuit responsive to the playback of DAT tape for provides for each frame a serial frame information output including a frame header and frame data, and an associated subcode information output, the subcode information output being available in advance of the associated frame information. A processor responsive to the subcode information checks the validity of the subcode information and determines the destination group memory locations of the associated frame data, such destination group memory locations being group frame locations specified pursuant to valid subcode information or temporary storage areas for frames having invalid subcode information. DMA circuitry transfers the frame data to the destination group memory locations. The processor further checks the error status of the stored frame data, verifies the group memory locations specified by the subcode information for frame data stored pursuant to valid subcode information, relocates frame data stored in temporary storage areas pursuant to frame location information contained in the frame headers under certain conditions, and updates a Bad Track Table to indicate the status of the received frame data stored in the group memory.

Dual-mode teleconferencing system

Abstract: In a teleconferencing system, a video encoder at the transmit end of the system includes a frame memory for storing video samples of a frame of a motion-picture signal and reading video samples at frame intervals. For still-picture transmission, an encoder circuit translates video samples read out of each successively shifted location of the frame memory which corresponds to at least one scanning line period of the frame into a signal representative of an intraframe correlation between adjacent video samples and generates a signal of a constant value during remaining line periods of the frame. For motion-picture transmission, video samples of the motion-picture signal for at least one scanning line period are translated into a signal representative of the intraframe correlation and video samples of remaining line periods of each successive frame are translated into a signal representative of the interframe correlation between successive frames. A video decoder at the receive end recovers a video sample from successively received intraframe correlation representative signals, delays it for a frame period to recover a video sample from the delayed sample together with a subsequently received signal which is the constant value signal during the still-picture mode and which is the interframe correlation representative signal during the motion-picture mode. The decoder further delays the last-mentioned video sample for a frame period to repeat the recovery process.

High frame rate ultrasound system

Abstract: A technique for increasing the display frame rate of a medical ultrasound imaging system. The system receives trigger signals, each based upon the occurrence of a predetermined event in a subject's cardiac cycle, such as an R-wave. In one technique, in response to each trigger signal, the ultrasound system acquires a series of frames, each frame comprising data representing an image of a portion of the subject's body at an associated acquisition time. A frame time is determined for each frame, each frame time being the time from the preceding trigger signal to the acquisition time for the frame. Two or more frame series are then played back in order of increasing frame times, thereby producing a display frame rate higher than the acquisition frame rate.

Video signal frame search apparatus for selection of a desired frame

Abstract: A video signal frame search apparatus for selecting a frame from a video signal recorded on a magnetic tape, e.g. for supplying the frame to a video printer, is based on a system controller which controls playback and rewind operations of a VTR during a frame search operation. When a desired frame is displayed during such a frame search operation, actuation of a switch by the user causes a plurality of frames adjcent to and including the desired frame to be stored in a memory and then displayed simultaneously, enabling the user to specify to the system controller the precise position of the desired frame.

Speech processing system

Abstract: A speech processing system such as a variable frame length type vocoder and a pattern matching vocoder of the same type capable of improving the reproduced speech. Representative frames replacing a plurality of frames in a given section are developed from among the frames in the given frame, or the frames in the given frame and the final representative frame developed in the preceding section. First frames to be replaced by the representative frames, and second frames, located between the neighboring different representative frames, which are to be approximated by interpolation between the neighboring different representative frames, are determined under the condition the lengths of the first and second frames be variable. In the pattern matching vocoder, the representative frames are compared with reference pattern frames and the most similar reference pattern frame is selected on the basis of measure which is obtained by summing a time distortion and a quantum distortion caused by the replacement of the frames with the representative frame and the reference pattern frame.

Multi-frame transmission control for token ring networks

Abstract: A method and apparatus for enabling the transmitter to decide the number of variable length frames that can be trasmitted within the token holding timer (THT) window. The last frame decision algorithm enables the transmitter to set the intermediate frame bit in the ending delimiter to the right state to indicate the status of each frame in the transmitted frame sequence. A look-ahead technique is used to check the remaining transmit time available in the THT time window, therefor, no ring bandwidth is wasted on partially transmitted aborated frames, effectively optimizing the throughput of the network. Since key variables in the last frame decision algoritm are softwar programmable, the algorithm is independent of ring speed. The algorithm counts transmitted octets instead of measuring transmission time in deciding whether to transmit an additional frame. The algorithm can be applied to either signal frame or multi-frame transmit mode and to either normal or early token release. It is applicable to both the IEEE 802.5 local area network standard for token ring networks and the AnSI X3T9.5 standard for FDDI.

Frame memory control system

Abstract: A frame memory control system includes independent row address counters for generating first and second row addresses, and selectors for selecting one or the other of these addresses, enabling data to be transferred to the frame memory at one rate and read out of the frame memory at another rate. For interlaced scanning, field detection circuits detect even and odd fields and generate signals which can be substituted for the most significant bits of the row addresses under control of an interlaced-mode signal, so that even-field data can be stored in one half of the frame memory and odd-field data in the other. This frame memory control system utilizes the frame memory efficiently, and can be employed with both sequential-scanning and interlaced-scanning raster display devices.

A method of specifying frame number

Abstract: A method of specifying each of the frame numbers of image frames (188, 54) of an elongated photographic film (18) when the film is fed to be positioned in a printing position at which the film is to be subjected to printing. Position specifying areas are set at even intervals in the longitudinal direction of the film in such a manner as to include in the areas frame numbers. The frame number within one of the position specifying areas is specified as the frame number of one of the image frames (183, 54) if the center of the one image frame is present in the one position specifying area. Non-specifying areas which are in the vicinity of the boundaries of the position specifying areas but which do not belong to any of the frame numbers are also set. If the center of one of the image frames is present in one of the non-specifying areas, the number of this image frame is specified by referring to the frame numbers of the image frames ahead of and behind that one image frame. The method is therefore capable of specifying each of the frame numbers in such a manner that they form a sequence of numbers or a series of symbols that possesses a certain regularity throughout the length of one photographic film.

Video transfer method using time-spaced interleaved fields

Abstract: An improved method is disclosed for transferring motion pictures from film to videotape, with an improved video image quality for moving objects. In the preferred embodiment, the motion picture is filmed at twice the video frame rate, and alternating scanning fields from each pair of film frames are transferred to interleaved fields on a single video frame. The method is also applicable to the direct transfer of computer generated artwork and the like directly to video storage, without an intermediate film stage; a pair of time-spaced line fields are generated and interleaved for each video frame. The method substantially eliminates image jitter and smearing of moving objects, and is particularly adapted to a new 3-D television technique. Various alternate transfer systems are described, as well as a generalization of the invention to account for different film speeds or numbers of fields per frame.

Method and apparatus for image frame length control

Abstract: Image frame length control apparatus and methods are disclosed which have particular utility in a printing or reproduction apparatus that writes one or more images on a transported photosensitive media such as a photoconducting drum or continuous-loop web. When an electronic writing system or optical exposure system is used to expose a driven media on a line-by-line basis, a variation in media thickness causes the latent image frame to be written with an inaccurate frame length. Consequently, a degraded print is produced. The latent image frame length is corrected during exposure, by adding or omitting one or more lines in the image frame. Alternatively, the exposure of an image is offet by an interval corresponding to one-half of the total length discrepancy between the uncorrected image frame length and the image frame length that would be written if the media surface speed was at a median level. The overall image length error is thereby reduced by half and distributed to the upper and lower extremities of the image frame. In another embodiment, the rotation rate of the media is increased or decreased when a respectively thin or thick portion of the media passes over the driving apparatus. The corrected image fames are written with greater fidelity to the original and, after development and transfer to a receiver, are particularly well-suited for use in forming an accurate multicolor reproduction.

Screen-splitting system for a video recording and reproducing apparatus

Abstract: A video tape recorder having provisions for erasing a desired fraction of each frame of a composite picture signal on a magnetic tape and for recording substitute picture information on the erased fractions, thereby making it possible to split the screen into two windows for the simultaneous display of different images. Included is a window size input device to be operated upon by the user for specifying a desired fraction of each frame of the composite picture signal recorded on the tape. A frame fraction signal generator circuit responds to the output from the window size input device, as well as to horizontal and vertical sync pulses derived from the composite picture signal being reconstructed from the tape, for generating a frame fraction signal indicative in real time of the specified fraction of each frame of the composite picture signal to be erased from the tape. A mode-setting circuit responds to the frame fraction signal for connecting an erase oscillator to a pair of video transducers thereby causing erasure of the specified fraction of each frame of the composite picture signal on the tape. The mode-setting circuit also responds to the frame fraction signal for permitting substitute picture information to be recorded at the erased fractions of the prerecorded picture signal on the tape.

Frame synchronization methods based on channel symbol measurements

Abstract: The current DSN frame synchronization procedure is based on monitoring the decoded bit stream for the appearance of a sync marker sequence that is transmitted once every data frame. The possibility of obtaining frame synchronization by processing the raw received channel symbols rather than the decoded bits is explored. Performance results are derived for three channel symbol sync methods, and these are compared with results for decoded bit sync methods reported elsewhere. It is shown that each class of methods has advantages or disadvantages under different assumptions on the frame length, the global acquisition strategy, and the desired measure of acquisition timeliness. It is shown that the sync statistics based on decoded bits are superior to the statistics based on channel symbols, if the desired operating region utilizes a probability of miss many orders of magnitude higher than the probability of false alarm. This operating point is applicable for very large frame lengths and minimal frame-to-frame verification strategy. On the other hand, the statistics based on channel symbols are superior if the desired operating point has a miss probability only a few orders of magnitude greater than the false alarm probability. This happens for small frames or when frame-to-frame verifications are required.

System and device for picture data transfer reproducing

Abstract: PURPOSE: To eliminate picture quality deterioration generated at the time of changing a scene, and to record/reproduce a moving picture at a high picture quality as a whole by delecting a part of a huge code data quantity generated at the time of changing the scene, and forward feeding ahead of a scene change frame. CONSTITUTION: A scene change frame number generating circuit 19 always checks the data quantity of encoded data 9 in a current frame, which are generated by a moving picture encoding circuit 8 and written into code memories 12-1 to 12-5, judges that the frame where the encoded data quantity over a certain threshold is generated as the scene change frame, then internally holds the frame number for an N frame period, and outputs it as a scene change frame number signal 20. A selecting circuit 16 reads the contents of (k+1)-th code memory determined by the scene change frame numb er signal 20 as the encoded data of the scene change frame part by part. (k) is a remainder obtained by dividing the scene change frame number by N. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO&Japio

A New Coding Method For Low Bit-Rate Video Signals

Abstract: In this paper, a hybrid motion evaluation coder for low bit-rate (64 Kb/s) video sequence transmission is studied. More than one previous frames are used to estimate the temporary motion behavior in the motion evaluation process (rather than conventional motion estimation methods in which only the immediate former frame is used). The motion sequence is therefore estabished alongside the image data sequence. Through investigating and analysing the previous frame of this motion sequence, which are available to both the coder and the decoder, the moving objects can be identified from the background. The current image frame to be encoded is then divided into two types of regions: the background region which may not he transmitted at all but simply repeated with the data of the previously decoded frame, and the moving region which is encoded by compensating the motion information. The moving region is reconstructed in the normal frame sampling frequency while the background data are treated coarsely by refreshing them in a much lower frequency. The relative impact of the moving region with regard to the background region is also evaluated for assigning bits to the two separated regions. As long as this impact is significant enough, the background data may remain unchanged. The final reconstructed image frame is then the coarsely processed background superimposed by the decoded moving objects.