Showing papers on "Rust published in 1982"

The Electrochemical Reduction of Rust Films on Weathering Steel Surfaces

Abstract: α-, γ-, δ- und amorphes FeOOH wurden als synthetische Pasten auf die Stahlsubstrate aufgegetragen.

Resistance to rust and late leafspot diseases in some genotypes of Arachis hypogaea.

Abstract: Resistance to rust (Puccinia arachidis Speg.) and late leafspot (Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton) in some peanut genotypes was studied under field conditions. Late leafspot development was also assessed in the glasshouse and the parameters lesion diameter, defoliation percentage and sporulation gave highly significant correlations with the field disease scores. Several genotypes were found to be resistant to both rust and late leafspot and should be useful sources of multiple disease-resistance in a breeding program.

Novel boron-containing compositions useful as lubricant additives

Abstract: Reaction products of boric acid or boron trioxide with an epoxide having at least 8 carbon atoms (especially a straight-chain aliphatic epoxide) are useful anti-wear, friction modifying and rust inhibiting additives for lubricants. They are particularly useful in lubricants containing relatively large amounts of basic alkaline earth metal phenates or salicylates and/or free hydroxy group-containing alkenylsuccinic acid ester dispersants.

Interaction between barley yellow dwarf virus and rust in wheat, barley and oats, and the effects on grain yield and quality

Abstract: SUMMARY In three separate experiments, the upper leaf surface of the fifth formed leaf of wheat cv. Highbury, the fourth and fifth leaves of barley cv. Julia and the third and fourth leaves of oat cv. Mostyn were inoculated in a spore settling tower with wheat brown rust (Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici), barley brown rust (P. hordei) or oat crown rust (P. coronata f. sp. avenae), respectively. Fewer pustules developed on distal portions of leaves of plants infected with barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) than on similar portions of leaves from virus-free plants. There were no significant differences in the number of pustules on proximal leaf portions. In barley and oats, the number of pustules on distal leaf portions was negatively correlated with the amount of yellowing of the leaf areas scored. In wheat, symptoms of BYDV were mild and leaves were little affected by yellowing. The latent period of rust on wheat and oats was not affected by BYDV. In barley, BYDV reduced the latent period of rust on leaf 5, but not on leaf 4, and reduced it on proximal, but not distal, leaf portions. In other experiments, BYDV reduced the yield of wheat and oats by 44% and 66%, respectively, while BYDV-infected barley was almost sterile. The appropriate rust reduced the yield of wheat, barley and oats by 33%, 13% and 86%, respectively. When infected with both BYDV and rust, yield of wheat and oats was reduced by 63% and 91%, respectively. Neither BYDV nor rust affected the percentage crude protein content of wheat grain, nor did rust affect that of barley. In oats, BYDV and rust each significantly increased crude protein of grain, but rust infection of BYDV-infected plants tended to reduce it.

Rust removal process

Abstract: Rust is removed from metal surfaces by applying a coating of an aqueous solution of vinylpyrrolidone/maleic acid copolymer. The rust becomes incorporated into the coating during drying and the coating detaches itself from the metal surface for easy removal.

Process for producing iron oxide weighting material from iron chloride solutions

Abstract: A process for producing an iron oxide weighting material from an iron chloride solution. The iron chloride solution is introduced into an elevated temperature reactor as an atomized mist. The moisture is evaporated from the mist to form iron chloride solids which then react with the steam produced during the evaporation to form particulate iron oxides and hydrogen chloride gas. The iron oxides then are compacted and introduced into a calcination zone maintained at a temperature in the range of from about 400° C. to about 1300° C. The compacted iron oxide is calcined to reduce the surface area of the particles. The calcined iron oxide then is ground to a predetermined particle size.

Studies of the incidence, severity and distribution of false rust (Synchytrium psophocarpi), leaf spot (Pseudocercospora psophocarpi) and powdery mildew (Oidium sp.) on winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) in Papua New Guinea.

Abstract: SUMMARY The incidence, severity and distribution of false rust, (Synchytrium psophocarpi), leaf spot (Pseudocercospora psophocarpi) and powdery mildew (Oidium sp.) on winged beans (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) were evaluated on pure lines and mixed stands grown in Papua New Guinea between 1976 and 1978. Almost all of the 148 pure lines were susceptible to false rust and leaf spot and the incidence of these diseases increased with plant age. Standard area diagrams were superior to disease keys in evaluating disease severity. Levels of false rust on 10 promising agronomic lines differed according to the locality where the lines were grown. Two Thai lines showed resistance to false rust but P. scandens was immune to false rust and leaf spot. Surveys of 51 sites containing mixed stands of winged beans in the Eastern Highlands, Western Highlands, East New Britain, East Sepik, Madang and Morobe Provinces of Papua New Guinea indicated that leaf spot and false rust were present in both the wet and dry seasons and the apparent absence of disease was probably due to time and size of samples. The diseases appeared to be present in all the traditional winged bean growing areas of Papua New Guinea. It was difficult to obtain evidence of differences in palatability of tissues infected with false rust. The value of surveys and disease assessment in relation to evaluation of crop losses of winged bean caused by these pathogens and selection for resistance is discussed.

Compositional stability of an oat multiline

Abstract: Mixtures of genotypes are frequently unstable in composition when propagated over succesive generations This study was designed to test whether a multiline cultivar of oats (Avena sativa L) created to control crown rust disease (caused by Puccinia coronataCda) would reflect differential near-isogenic line survivals when propagated under conditions of either presence or absence of rust An oat multiline cultivar synthesized from near-isogenic lines that had different genes for resistance to crown rust was propagated under rust-free and rust epiphytotic conditions for four successive generations In the rust-free environment, one near-isogenic line CI 9192, which was inferior in yielding ability, was reduced significantly from 20% to 10% of the mixture, and CI 9184, which has no yield deviation from normal, increased from 20% to 38% The other three near-isogenic lines were stable at about 20% Also, in the rust line of descent CI 9192 and CI 9184, respectively, decreased and increased significantly

Breeding for Resistance to Faba Bean Rust

Abstract: Uromyces viciae-fabae (Pers.) Shroet. (Syn. Uromyces fabae (Grev.) de Bary et Fuckel) is known to be world wide (5). The rust is common throughout the Mediterranean region and is considered one of the most serious diseases of faba beans in Egypt (3). Crop losses as high as 50% have been reported in the North Delta region but losses normally range from 5–20% (7). Williams (14), found that in Australia, severe early rust infestations could result in yield losses as high as 45%. In Europe, in regions where winter beans are usually grown, rust has not been a problem. Since the introduction of small-seeded faba beans into Western Canada some 10 years ago, rust has been reported at several locations in the provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan (1) (11). In Manitoba, rust was first observed only occasionally in trial plots on some cultivars. By 1974, rust was prevalent in late sown plots with some lines showing moderate to severe infection. Although the commercial cultivars were not affected by rust, it now appeared that rust might be serious if infection started early in the season and the acreage of the crop increased. Furthermore, rust was also found to occur on native vetches throughout the region and could act as a source of early inoculum.

An evalution of the nitrous acid – 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride – ferric chloride assay for chitin in rust fungi and rust-infected tissue

Abstract: The growth of the bean rust and cowpea rust fungi was examined in cultivars of French bean and cowpea using light microscopy and the nitrous acid – 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride – ferric chloride assay for chitin. Comparison of the results indicated that the chitin assay did not detect changes in vegetative growth but only detected substances present in mature and developing urediospores. Examination of urediospores indicated that the reactive component(s) was hexosamine, probably glucosamine, but not chitin. The presence of strongly reactive substances in the urediospores, and the apparent low level of chitin in vegetative mycelium compared with that in the mycelium of the commercial mushroom, suggest that this chitin assay is of little value in estimating rust fungus growth in infected plant tissue.

Phellinus (Fomes) pini decay associated with sweetfern rust in sapwood of jack pine

Abstract: Phellinus (Fomes) pini (Thore ex Fr.) A. Ames was associated with cankers and discolored wood caused by the rust fungus Cronartiumcomptoniae Arth. in sapwood of young jack pines (Pinusbanksiana Lam...

Groundnut rust—its survival and carry-over in India

Abstract: Groundnut rust has become an important disease in India, particularly in the South, probably because of extensive and continuous cultivation of the crop. Uredospores present on crop debris in the field, and on pods or seeds in storage at ambient temperatures, lost viability within 6 weeks. They retained viability for long periods when stored at −16° C. Neither teliospores nor any collateral or alternate hosts were found. Seeds heavily contaminated with viable uredospores and sown in sterile soil gave rise to disease-free seedlings. There should be no risk of spread of rust from properly treated seed samples.

Occurrence and effect of Chrysomyxa pirolata cone rust on Picea pungens in Utah

Abstract: In a rare 1969 epidemic, spruce cone rust caused by Chrysomyxa piwlata infected 40-100 percent of trees and 20-67 percent of cones on riparian Colorado blue spruce on plots located in a 2200-2400 m elevational zone in Huntington Canyon of central Utah. Uredinial and telial sporulation on Ptjrola spp. began in mid-June, a time closely correlated with opening of pistillate spruce cones. Cone phenology and host habitat, as influenced by elevation, are apparently important factors in the restricted niche of the cone rust fungus in Utah. Several preceding consecutive years with extended periods of spring and fall moisture were associated with occurrence of the epidemic, although no cause-and-effect relationship was established. Weather records indicate that these events are infrequent in this climatic zone, and there was no detectable recurrence of cone rust for at least 9 years following 1969. Outwardly normal seeds developed in diseased cones, but seed germinability was reduced by 25 percent. Aecial spore masses between cone scales, cone resinosis, and distortion of cone scales prevented seed dispersal to the extent that the seed crop was effectually destroyed. Our discovery of a rare outbreak of spruce cone rust caused by Chrysomyxa pirolata (Komike) Wint. on Picea pungens Engelm. in central Utah (Nelson and Krebill 1970) afforded the opportunity to study the nature of the disease. Mycological collection records provide insight into its distribution; but information on the effect, ecological nature, and epidemiology of the disease is limited, especially for the contiguous western United

High toughness high-mn steel with superior weather and rust resistance

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a high-toughness high-Mn steel with superior weather and rust resistances, by adding specified amounts of C, Mn, Si, Cr, Cu, Al and N to steel so as to regulate the weather and rust resistance index, AR value to a specified value or above. CONSTITUTION: To steel are added, by weight, 0.1W1% C, 16W35% Mn, 0.2W3% Si, 0.5W18% Cr, 0.01W2% Cu, 0.01W7% Al and <0.3% N, and the weather and rust resistance index, AR value represented by the equation is regulated to ≥3wt%. It is preferable to add <1.5% Sn or one or more among <1% Co, <1% Mo, <2% Ti and <2% Zn besides said components. COPYRIGHT: (C)1983,JPO&Japio

Clutch disk for a clutch and method of treating a facing of a clutch

Abstract: A clutch disk for a clutch used in an automobile having facings on both sides thereof. The facing is made of sintered steel with a porous structure. A rust preventive is impregnated in the facing. The rust preventive is dicyclohexylammonium nitrite.

Relative importance of components affecting the leaf rust progress curve in wheat.

Abstract: The relative importance of various components (latent period, uredium area, infectious period, infectibility, sporulation and weather) affecting the progress of leaf rust (Puccinia recondita) in wheat, in the field, was determined by calculating the effect of equivalent changes in the individual components. The effect was calculated in terms of the period of delay in the epidemic reaching 100 per cent severity of leaf rust. Only four components viz., latent period, infectibility, sporulation and weather were found to be important. Further, it was found that these four components were equally important and that they collectively determined the rate of progress of leaf rust in an additive manner.

Further Studies on the Incidence and Genetics of Rust Resistance in Sorghum

Abstract: The incidence of rust is higher under humid condition of Dharwad consequently increasing the susceptibility of the hypersensitive parents and frequency of susceptibles in F2. There is no evidence for the existence of more than three genes even at Dharwad leading to the conclusion that the differential behaviovr is due to the increased inoculum attributable to favourable environment rather than the occurrence of different physiological races of the fungus The segregation pattern in tan x tan, tan xpurple and purple x purple crosses is similar Rust resistance is confirmed to be trigenic recessive of the r1r1r2r2r3r3 genetic constitution. Modifying factors appear to push a hypersensitive reaction towards susceptibility under more favourable conditions for disease development. SPV-34 and CS 3541 are better sources of resistance.

Recent advances in the chemical control of cereal rust diseases

Abstract: The eradication of plant disease after the organism is established in the host tissue only became a practical possibility with the discovery, in recent years, of fungicidal compounds with systemic ...