Showing papers on "Shadow (psychology) published in 1968"

The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious

Abstract: Essays which state the fundamentals of Jung's psychological system: "On the Psychology of the Unconscious" and "The Relations Between the Ego and the Unconscious," with their original versions in an appendix.

Protective and preferential import duties

Abstract: A.C. Pigou spent his career in the shadow of Marshall and Keynes and his contributions have seemed small by comparison, but his influence remains significant. He is regarded by many as the father of modern public finance and welfare theory, as the way that economists analyze and justify government intervention in economic affairs stems from Pigou. Following on from A. C. Pigou’s 1903 pamphlet, The Riddle of the Tariff, this book, originally published in 1906, is a more technical treatment, leaning on the Marshalian apparatus and coming out against the policy of Imperial preference.

Learning disabilities: substance or shadow.

Abstract: Recent years have witnessed a growing practice among some educators of classifying certain children as \"learning disabilities.\" This practice undoubtedly came about as a reaction to the many weaknesses inherent in the traditional medical/psychological basis for classification of exceptional children (e.g., \"mentally retarded,\" \"brain injured,\" \"emotionally disturbed,\" etc.). It may also have evolved, in part, 'because of its implication to positive action (Le., What do you do for a child suffering from specific learning disabilities? Why, you teach him, of course!). It may even be a result of the unconscious desire of educators to demonstrate the importance of their discipline to the psychological and medical professions. Without systems and patterns, we have no order, only chaos. If man never learned to generalize, each situation would be unique, and one would never profit from experience. In any categorizing model, we conscientiously seek similarities, while deemphasizing individual differences, hence losing some information. It is possible, then, that any classification system will necessarily possess some limitations. That the practice of classifying children according to specific learning disabilities is thought to possess merits can be seen by the increased literature devoted to that entity. The purpose of this article is to present some of its possible pitfalls.

Little Dorrit (1953)

Abstract: Little Dorrit is one of the three great novels of Dickens’ great last period, but of the three it is perhaps the least established with modern readers. When it first appeared — in monthly parts from December 1855 to June 1857 — its success was even more decisive than that of Bleak House, but the suffrage of later audiences has gone the other way, and of all Dickens’ later works it is Bleak House that has come to be the best known. As for Our Mutual Friend, after having for some time met with adverse critical opinion among the enlightened — one recalls that the youthful Henry James attacked it for standing in the way of art and truth — it has of recent years been regarded with ever-growing admiration. But Little Dorrit seems to have retired to the background and shadow of our consciousness of Dickens.

Ralph Theodore Esterquest (1912–1968)

Abstract: Something about a library breeds anonymity. It is a place for quiet contemplation or lonely discourse with the printed word. The book is the master of the house, and the human reader a shadow only ...

Shadow and Substance: Structural Unity in Titus Andronicus

Abstract: If in our discussion of Titus Andronicus we may put aside the vexed authorship question and to do so is certainly fraught with great difficulties since even the champions of Shakespeare's authorship in the main are reluctant to dismiss in particular the shades of Peele then there is, it seems to me, a dramatic pattern established which tends to belie the theories of co-authorship. As this pattern emerges, it will become evident that it is based on the renaissance topos which frequently finds representation in iconography: the mistaking of the shadow for the substance. This topos was frequently drawn upon by Shakespeare throughout his career. 1 I should like therefore to cite two examples from iconography as a point of reference for my discussion in this paper. The first, from Fables D'Esope (Paris, 1689), shows a wolf mistaking symbol for substance as he attacks a sculptor's representation of a human head. 2 The second, from Geoffrey Whitney's A Choice of Emblemes (Leyden, 1587), illustrates a "greedie dogge" losing his bone when he is deceived by its "shaddow" in the "brooke" (p. 39) . Significantly, Whitney's use of the topos is specifically directed against ambition, which ultimately pulls a man down rather than lifts him up. The result of mistaking the shadow for substance is quite liable to be tragedy, as indeed is the case in Titus Andronicus. When we return to Shakespeare's earliest Roman tragedy with the shadow-substance topos in mind, we must confront a startling fact: Titus in taking "false shadows for true substances" (III.ii.80) 3 is by no means aware that his seeing has all along been at fault and still is. His lack of understanding remains even in the grief-wrought scene consequent on the mockery of his left-handed sacrifice sent back with the heads of his two sons, Martius and Quintus, who are later symbolized by the Clown's two pigeons in a basket. That his eyes "begin to dazzle" (III.iii.85) he fobs off more as the excuse of age than of fault. That his right hand did not know what his left was doing and is thus as useless as the lopped-off hand is ironically reinforced by his using only his mouth and his feet to guide the staff whereby he writes his name in sand "in the dust [he] write[s]/[His] heart's deep languor and [his] soul's sad tears" (III.i.12-13). Like a

The Long Shadow

Abstract: Some of the fervour that was expended in the building of Empires is now diffused in writing about them.