Showing papers on "Shadow (psychology) published in 1994"

Using Shadow Wages to Estimate Labor Supply of Agricultural Households

Abstract: With few exceptions, most studies of the labor demand and supply decisions of agricultural households in developing countries have relied on the empirical advantages of separability. Given the questionable nature of some of the assumptions sufficient for separability, I apply a recent methodology that accounts for the simultaneity between the production and consumption decisions of a farm household. Using data from rural India, direct estimates of the marginal productivities (shadow wages) of family male and female labor are derived from a Cobb-Douglas agricultural production function. The estimated shadow wages and income are then used as regressors in a structural model of labor supply.

Anzac Memories: Living with the Legend

Abstract: n this highly original book, Alistair Thomson poses salient questions about the Anzac legend and its effects on those who lived under its shadow. How was the legend created and what form has it taken since Charles Bean's seminal work? What was its changing significance for Australianpolitics and society? Most crucially, how has it served the men whose lives it represents - the survivors of the Great War?

Measuring the Size and Development of the Shadow Economy. Can the Causes be Found and the Obstacles be Overcome

Abstract: In this chapter the various methods to measure the size and development of the shadow economy are shortly discussed and criticized. Then the results of two methods, the currency demand and model approach are presented and it is shown that for the year 1978 and for 16 of 24 OECD-countries the size of the shadow economy is more than 5% of the GNP. The next step is to analyze the effects of policy change on the shadow economy, like a major decline of the direct tax burden in the year 1989 in Austria with the expectation of a decreasing shadow economy. However, one observes an increasing shadow economy in the years 1989 to 1991 in Austria, because other important factors, why people work in the shadow economy, like regulation, have increased during this time, which offset the lower tax burden.

Fatal Women: Lesbian Sexuality and the Mark of Aggression

Abstract: In this major contribution to lesbian theory/cultural studies, Lynda Hart analyzes the way violent women have been represented in literature, plays, film, and performance Starting from the historical link between criminality and sexual deviancy, Hart builds a complex and original theory in which the shadow of the lesbian animates representations of violent women from the Victorian novel to the recent proliferation of films depicting women who kill This cross-disciplinary study critiques constructions of gender, race, class, sexualities, and the cultural politics of the 1990s in one of the first book-length contributions to lesbian theory "Fatal Women" is certain to be read widely by scholars, students, and anyone interested in the politics of representationHart's introductory chapter constructs a theory of female violence across the discourses of sexology, criminology, and psychoanalysis Subsequent chapters detail this theory in the Victorian novel and stage sensation "Lady Audley's Secret, " Frank Wedekind's "Lulu Plays, " which introduced the "invert" onto the European stage, the popular films "Thelma and Louise," "Mortal Thoughts, " and "Basic Instinct, " the political intersection of race and gender in "Single White Female, " the performance art of Karen Finley in the context of the censorship debates, the fate of Aileen Wuornos, dubbed the first "female serial killer" by the FBI, and the Split Britches' performance "Lesbians Who Kill"

Judging others in the shadow of suspicion

Abstract: Previous research has found that when perceivers have reason to be suspicious of the motives underlying an actor's behavior, they are likely to draw inferences about the actor's true disposition that reflect a relatively sophisticated style of attributional processing. The present research was designed to examine some of the negative consequences that suspicion can have on perceivers' judgments. In each of the three studies reported, some subjects were made suspicious about the motives of an actor on the basis of contextual information surrounding the actor's behavior, rather than the behavior itself. Results of these studies suggest that, particularly when perceivers believe that the actions or motives of the actor could affect them, suspicion may cause perceivers to see the actor in a more negative light, even if the perceivers are not convinced that the actor's behavior was indeed affected by ulterior motives.

The Possibility of Popular Justice: A Case Study of Community Mediation in the United States

Abstract: ""The Possibility of Popular Justice" is essential reading for scholars and practitioners of community mediation and should be very high on the list of anyone seriously concerned with dispute resolution in general. The book offers many rewards for the advanced student of law and society studies." --Law and Politics Book Review"These immensely important articles--fifteen in all--take several academic perspectives on the [San Francisco Community Boards] program's diverse history, impact, and implications for 'popular justice.' These articles will richly inform the program, polemical, and political perspectives of anyone working on 'alternative programs' of any sort." -- IARCA Journal"Few collections are so well integrated, analytically penetrating, or as readable as this fascinating account. It is a 'must read' for anyone interested in community mediation." --William M. O'Barr, Duke University"You do not have to be involved in mediation to appreciate this book. The authors use the case as a launching pad to evaluate the possibilities and 'impossibilities' of building community in complex urban areas and pursuing popular justice in the shadow of state law." --Deborah M. Kolb, Harvard Law School and Simmons CollegeSally Engle Merry is Professor of Anthropology, Wellesley College. Neal Milner is Professor of Political Science and Director of the Program on Conflict Resolution, University of Hawaii.

Learning, Realism, and Alliances: The Weight of the Shadow of the Past

Abstract: This article presents and tests a theory of learning in international politics. Drawing primarily from social psychology and organization theory, the learning theory proposes that lessons tend to be drawn only from high-impact events in world politics, such as large wars and economic depressions. Lessons drawn tend to be simple and are oriented around the question of which policies are likely to be successful and which policies are likely to fail. This learning theory is tested on the alliance choices of small powers in the twentieth century. The predictions of two learning hypotheses are compared with those of a leading realist explanation of alliance choices, balance of threat theory. Quantitative analysis of small powers' alliance choices reveals that a small power's experience in the previous world war is a very powerful explanation of its peacetime alliance choices after that war, whereas the level of threat in the international environment has only marginal effects on the small power's alliance choices. Further, these threat effects may be in the opposite direction of that predicted by balance of threat theory.

The Labour Party Since 1979: Crisis and Transformation

Abstract: The Labour Party since 1979: Crisis and Transformation challenges the claim that Labour's only real hope for the future lies in shedding its ideological baggage. It rejects the notion taht the 'shadow budget' was the prime cause of its 1992 defeat and argues that the strategyof seeking an image of 'responsibility' and 'respectability' - which under the new leadership has become a paramount concern - does not offer the best route forward for the party.The effect of this strategy - of abandoning traditional tenets, and adopting a policy profile more to the tastes of its critics in business and the media - will be to deprive Labour of its sheet-anchor; and even if successful electorally, the price will be that the hopes and aspirations of its supporters will be highly unlikely to be fulfilled.

The Return of the Dangerous Classes: Drug Prohibition and Policy Politics

Abstract: The "war on drugs" in America continues to be fought with old "weapons". Harsh punishments continue to be handed out to offenders, but these measures fail to control the most dangerous forms of illicit drug use. This text identifies a "shadow agenda" sustaining the war on drugs, in which fighting drugs offers an opportunity for both political elites and ordinary citizens to create "enemies" - blacks, youths, immigrants - who can be blamed for American social and economic ills. These are the "dangerous classes", whose return is polarizing American society. This text describes how America is now paying the price for continuing with failed efforts at eradicating the drug problem, efforts that only intensify racial and generational conflict, decimate constitutional protections for criminal suspects and ignore the deeper social problems of deprivation, disease and inequality.

The Shadow of the Panther : Huey Newton and the Price of Black Power in America

Abstract: In the most ambitious, engaging, and balanced examination of the myriad forces that gave rise to Huey Newton and the Black Panther Party, Pearson provides an unsparing, often shocking, portrait of brutality, self-destruction, and precipitous decline, and offers a racial reevaluation of their legacy. Photos.

Overcoming resistance to resistance: insights from a study of the shadows

Abstract: INTRODUCTION This article analyzes how students of organizations have used the concept of resistance Its purposes are twofold First, the authors seek to deepen understanding of the concept of resistance by discussing certain lacunae in treatments of this topic Second, by exploring the origins and nature of these lacunae, they seek to gain insights into fundamental assumptions that are associated with significant limitations in contemporary thought about organization development and related branches of applied social science The analysis develops from an application of Carl Jung's concept of the Shadow The authors apply the idea of the Shadow to two sets of treatments of resistance--the treatments by writers whom we describe as managerialist in their view of the study of change and those by another group that have been highly critical of the managerialist views In addition to deepening our understanding of resistance and sources of shortcomings in the approaches of both of these groups, the analysis leads to suggestions for improvement THE SHADOW Although Jung's (1969) metaphor of the Shadow originally referred to the parts of an individual's personality that s/he refused to accept, the term recently has been used to deepen our understanding of organizations For example, Denhardt (1981:vii) employs the concept to call attention to "the ethic of existence of an organization" that pervades contemporary life Bowles (1991:400) demonstrated the value of "the Shadow" metaphor for revealing detrimental effects that organizational management can have on "human, moral and social concerns" The authors suggest that similar insights can be gained through application of the Shadow metaphor to frameworks of thought in the social sciences Bowles (1991:388), following Jung, observed: "The Shadowrepresents the inferior part of the personality, the sum of all the personal and collective psychic elements which, because of their incompatibility, are banished to the unconscious" It also includes information from the outside world which does not carry sufficient energy to be recorded in consciousness The Shadow has a symbiotic relationship with the individual's ego As Bowles (Ibid, 389) put it: "Qualities or characteristics which the ego does not need or cannot make use of are set aside or repressed" In other words, the content of the Shadow is a function of the ego--what the ego rejects comes to rest in the Shadow If the ego were different, so would the Shadow be different Often, coming to terms with reality requires that the latent element of the personality be brought out of the Shadow The authors suggest an analogue of this process operates in social theories The manifest content of a theory predisposes its users to exclude elements systematically from their consciousness that, in some circumstances, are important in order for the theory to provide a useful guide to reality Moreover, given the symbiotic relationship between the manifest and latent aspects of a theory, exploration of the Shadow side is as important to understanding a perspective as is analysis of its manifest contents It also seems likely that critics of a theory will be concerned with both its manifest and latent content Thus we might be able to learn about the Shadow side of a theory by looking at its critics Of course critics will have Shadow sides as well Therefore, we might also expect to find clues about the critics' Shadow side in the manifest content of the theory they critique If, however, we find that two conflicting approaches have relegated the same elements to their respective Shadows, it may be that we have uncovered parts of a Collective Shadow Discovery of such widely repressed components could lead us to insights about major barriers to progress in thought For example, if all theorists of a certain subject, even those who appear to be holding conflicting positions, are making common, erroneous assumptions, uncovering these could be an important step to progress …

Jung and the Jungians on Myth: An Introduction

Abstract: Carl Gustav Jung (1875- 1961) was never more insightful and intriguing than when he discussed mythology. The key to understanding the Jungian approach to mythology lies in the concept of the image, which provides the basis for his theory of the unconscious. By emphasizing the image over the word, Jungian psychology distinguishes itself dramatically from Freudian, Lacanian, and other psychologies that stress the task of interpreting the language - the words - of the unconscious. In Jung and the Jungians on Myth , Steven Walker carefully leads the reader through the essential lines of thought in Jungian psychology before developing his method for using Jungian ideas to approach mythological texts. Whether one is sympathetic toward Jung's ideas or critical of them, one will find in Walker's discussion a lucid introduction to Jungian perspectives on myth and psychology

The Work of City Politics: Citizenship through Employment in the Local Response to AIDS:

Abstract: In this paper I examine the public sphere as it has come to be theoretically framed in city politics. My focus is on the distinction between citizen and bureaucrat. Working from ethnography and oral histories of individuals involved in AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) issues in Vancouver, I explore the social processes through which citizenship is structured and expressed. Identity politics and the politics of urban services are found to overlap considerably. Specifically, people's paid employment in the state and shadow state is relayed in several ways as one channel for their citizenship. Social and political restructurings in British Columbia concurrent with the AIDS crisis are traced to show how and why some people have come to exercise their politics through their work. The political and theoretical implications of (shadow-)state employment as a location of citizenship are then considered.

Forests: The Shadow of Civilization

Abstract: 1. First the Forests 2. Shadows of Law 3. Enlightenment 4. Forests of Nostalgia 5. Dwelling

Essays on economic psychology

Abstract: 1. Introduction to Essays on Economic Psychology.- 2. Psychology + Economics = Economic Psychology?.- 3. The Evolutionary Biology of Economic Behavior.- 4. Rationality: The Formalist View.- 5. Cognition and Economic Psychology.- 6. Psychological Aspects of Strategic Management.- 7. Economic Psychology and Telecommunications Research.- 8. Distributive Justice. A Behavioral Theory and Empirical Evidence.- 9. Public Choice - Economic Theory of Politics: A Survey in Selected Areas.- 10. Measuring the Size and Development of the Shadow Economy. Can the Causes be Found and the Obstacles be Overcome?.- 11. Why People Vote: The Role of Inter- and Intragroup Interaction in the Turnout Decision.- 12. How to Avoid Intrapersonal Strategic Conflicts in Game Theory?.- Author Index.

Children's observations, ideas, and the development of classroom theories about light

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction between children's observations of light and shadows and their developing theories in the context of a series of lessons in a third-grade classroom. Detailed analysis of videotapes of the children's discussions of their investigations into light and shadows led to the finding that the children's observations of light led to the development of a limited theory about light that was largely useful in explaining classroom investigations. However, this theory of light was less helpful in helping them understanding shadow phenomena and was too limited to explain out-of-classroom observations of light and shadows.

The Condor's Shadow: The Loss and Recovery of Wildlife in America

Abstract: Introduction - the arrival the forest primeval a wilderness to the west a sea of grass troubled waters the coastlines of a continent a bounty at the border too gentle for this world? the condor's shadow.

At War in the Shadow of Vietnam: U.S. Military Aid to the Royal Lao Government, 1955-1975.

Abstract: Neutrality that does not work conflict, diplomacy and covert operations the Geneva facade - see, hear and speak no evil SECSTATE theatre of war William Sullivan's war changing war, changing rules the denouement of US military aid to the Royal Lao Government.

Women's paid/unpaid work and health: exploring the social context of everyday life.

Abstract: Literature from various disciplines was reviewed to obtain a description of the working lives of Canadian women. This analysis drew on the work of Smith (1987, 1990) and other feminist and critical theorist authors who have argued that much of women's work remains invisible and undervalued. Patterns of normative thought or social ideology may obscure the extent and value of women's contributions. It is suggested here that an "ideology of separate spheres" operates in the designation of paid activity in the public sphere as work, whereas activities pursued in the private sphere of the home are overlooked. It is further argued that women's heavy involvement in unpaid activities that support and sustain others results in a state of lesser citizenship, and women's own prerequisites of health are often compromised. Women's work often takes place outside the formal economy, within a "shadow" or subsistence economy (Illich, 1981) which is essential for the continued health of others.

Up Against the Wal-Marts: How Your Business Can Prosper in the Shadow of the Retail Giants

Abstract: "What counts is not necessarily the size of the dog in the fight - it's the size of the fight in the dog." Dwight D. Eisenhower uttered those words, but they could be a wake-up call for every small business owner in America who's cowering under the glare of the big dogs' teeth. The fact is, you CAN stand up to the superstores, and you can win the fight. "Up Against the Wal-Marts" coaches you each step of the way. You'll find inside a potent arsenal of strategies, tips, and advice to combat cut-throat pricing, regain customer focus, identify and seize profitable niches - in short, to turn your unique knowledge into market share. Plus, it recounts the heartening and enlightening stories of 12 businesses who survived - and thrived - in the shadow of a retail giant.

In the shadow of the deconstructed metanarratives : Baudrillard, Latour and the end of realist epistemology

Abstract: Both postmodern theory and the sociology of scientific knowledge seek to put an end to realist epistemology and accompanying correspondence theories of truth (see Rorty, 1979; Baudrillard, 1983; Collins, 1985; Latour, 1988a).’ Both of these lines of thought reject the traditional epistemological quest to find a philosophically privileged vantage point from which to mirror reality and the argument that