Showing papers on "Shigella dysenteriae published in 1981"
TL;DR: All invasive shigella strains were found to inhibit protein synthesis in both cell lines with equal efficiency, and S. typhimurium W118, which has not been shown to elaborate a Shiga-like toxin, had little effect onprotein synthesis in infected host cells.
Abstract: The incorporation of [14C]leucine into protein was studied in two mammalian cell lines which had been infected with strains of Shigella dysenteriae 1, Shigella flexneri 2a, or Salmonella typhimurium W118. These cell lines differed in susceptibility to the effects of exogenously applied Shiga cytotoxin. All invasive shigella strains (which synthesize this toxin to a greater or lesser degree) were found to inhibit protein synthesis in both cell lines with equal efficiency. Leucine accumulation continued in these cells, but the labeled amino acid was preferentially incorporated into bacterial protein. S. typhimurium W118, which has not been shown to elaborate a Shiga-like toxin, had little effect on protein synthesis in infected host cells.
113 citations
TL;DR: A strain of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamides, and tetracyclines has caused an epidemic of shiga dysentery in northeast Zaire.
73 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a trisaccharide halide block, obtained from three 2-azido-sugars, was combined with a disaccharid block to give the pentasaccharides.
Abstract: Die verzweigte Pentasaccharid-Sequenz 43, welche die repeating-unit der O-spezifischen Seiten-kette des Lipopolysaccharides von Shigella Dysenteriae der Serotype zwei darstellt, wurde synthetisiert. Dabei wird ein Trisaccharidhalogenid-Block aus drei 2-Azido-Zuckern mit einem Disaccharid-Block zum Pentasaccharid verknupft. Bei allen Verknupfungsschritten werden stereoselektiv α-glycosidische Bindungen hergestellt. Das Azidverfahren, unsere Leitlinien zur α-Glycosidsynthese und die Halogenierungsmethode mit Titantetrabromid haben hierbei ihre Leistungsfahigkeit bewiesen.
Building Units for Oligosaccharides, XXXII. Syntheis of the Branched Pentasaccharide Unit of the O-Specific Side Chain of the Lipopolysaccharide Obtained from Shigella dysenteriae
The Branched pentasaccharide sequence 43 was synthesized. This is the repeating-Unit of the O-Specific side chain belonging to the lipopolysaccharide obtained from Shigella Dysenteriae of serotype two. A trisaccharide halide block, obtained from three 2-azido-sugars, was combined with a disaccharide block to give the pentasaccharide. Each combination step of the synthesis gave α-glycosides stereoselectively. The efficiencies of the azide procedure, our routes to α-glycosides and the titanium tetrabromide halogenation method are shown here.
29 citations
TL;DR: Resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol increased during the period, as did the incidence of multiple resistance, and these findings may indicate the need for better control of antibiotic use, particularly in developing countries.
Abstract: Two thousand three hundred and seventy strains of Shigella dysenteriae, Sh flexneri, and Sh boydii isolated in England and Wales from 1974 to 1978 were tested for resistance to 12 antimicrobial drugs. Eighty per cent of strains were resistant to one or more drugs, with sulphonamide resistance occurring most frequently. Resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol increased during the period, as did the incidence of multiple resistance. Most infections due to Sh dysenteriae, Sh flexneri, and Sh boydii are acquired abroad, and the increasing incidence of drug resistance among these organisms contrasts with the decreasing incidence of resistance among the indigenous Sh sonnei. These findings may indicate the need for better control of antibiotic use, particularly in developing countries.
22 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that immunization with rough mutants produces bactericidal antibodies directed against the closely related parental strain but not against smooth strains of unrelated bacterial species.
Abstract: Specificity of immune response to smooth and rough mutant strains of Salmonella minnesota was investigated. Immunization of mice with Rd and Re rough mutants resulted in formation of bactericidal plaque-forming cells directed against the lipopolysaccharide structure of both the mutants and the parental smooth strain. These antibody plaques, however, were not bactericidal for smooth strains of other gram-negative species, i.e., Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Plaques produced against the smooth strain of S. minnesota or other species were not bactericidal for rough strains. It was concluded that immunization with rough mutants produces bactericidal antibodies directed against the closely related parental strain but not against smooth strains of unrelated bacterial species. The relevance of these observations to the nonspecific protection by rough mutants is discussed.
14 citations
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: In this chapter the virulence properties and pathogenetic mechanisms of these agents will be discussed as well as their interaction with the host and the host’s defenses.
Abstract: From the moment of birth the human gastrointestinal tract is assaulted daily with bacterial organisms; the lower ileum and colon are permanently and heavily colonized with bacterial flora. Certain bacteria when ingested have the ability to cause enteric disease; these include Shigella, Salmonella, and certain Escherichia coli. In this chapter the virulence properties and pathogenetic mechanisms of these agents will be discussed as well as their interaction with the host and the host’s defenses.
12 citations
TL;DR: A total of 199 strains of shigella isolated in Malmö, Sweden, within a 3-year period were tested with the agar plate dilution method for susceptibility to commonly used and newer antimicrobial agents.
Abstract: A total of 199 strains of shigella (1 Shigella dysenteriae, 15 S. boydii, 47 S. flexneri, and 136 S. sonnei) isolated in Malmo, Sweden, within a 3-year period (1977 through January 1980) were tested with the agar plate dilution method for susceptibility to commonly used and newer antimicrobial agents. Mecillinam, nalidixic acid, and trimethoprim had the best in vitro activity. S. flexneri dominated among strains resistant to three or more antimicrobial agents and were less susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and doxycycline than other types studied. Sixty-four percent of the strains were resistant to sulfamethoxazole. In vitro, a synergistic effect with trimethoprim was shown only in strains susceptible to sulfamethoxazole. The amidinopenicillin mecillinam was highly active against shigellae. When resistance occurred, it was linked to ampicillin in 17 of 18 strains. The quinolines, here represented by nalidixic acid, might be the drugs of choice.
12 citations
TL;DR: The pentasaccharide sequence 1, representing the lipopolysaccharide repeating unit from shigella dysenteriae serotype 2, has been synthesised and its methods in selectivega-glycoside synthesis have been confirmed by the synthetic route.
10 citations
TL;DR: The worry that use of a seat belt may harm a fetus is largely engendered by the poor standards of design and fitting of seat belts, which should be educating pregnant women in their correct use.
Abstract: belt crosses the right costal margin, the sternum, and clavicle. Thus no part of the harness is able to compress the uterus. The worry that use of a seat belt may harm a fetus is largely engendered by the poor standards of design and fitting of seat belts. We should be educating pregnant women in their correct use, not encouraging the women to risk trauma due to lack of restraint. The harness used by private pilots and sporting motorists may in some cases impinge on the gravid uterus and needs to be considered individually.
3 citations