Showing papers on "Sodium sulfate published in 1971"

Inert gas system for a tanker

Abstract: AN INERT GAS FOR FLOODING COMPARTMENTS OR OTHER OIL CONTAINERS OF A TANKER OR OTHER VESSEL IS PRODUCED BY STRIPPING FLUE GAS OF ITS SO2 CONTENT WITH AN AQUEOUS SODIUM HYDROXIDE OR SODIUM CARBONATE SOLUTION IN A SCRUBBER, AND OXIDIZING THE RESULTING SODIUM SULFITE IN THE SOLUTION WITH ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN IN THE SAME SCRUBBER, WHEREUPON A SODIUM SULFATE SOLUTION IS OBTAINED WHICH MAY BE DISCHARGED OVERBOARD WITHOUT DAMAGE TO MARINE LIFE.

Compositions and a process for preparing water dispersible polymers

Abstract: COMPOSITIONS OF FINELY DIVIDED SOLID, WATER-SOLUBLE, POLYMERSI OF HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT UNIFORMLY COATED WITH A SURFACTANT AND MIXED WITH ANHYDROUS SODIUM SULFATE ARE READILY DISPERSED IN WATER. A METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE WATER DISPERSIBILITY OF A FINELY DIVIDED, SOLID, WATERSOLUBLE POLYMER IS DISCLOSED.

Method for treating reverse osmosis membranes

Abstract: A single phase temperature independent imbibing solution for cellulose ester or ether reverse osmosis membranes consists essentially of (a) 30-60 percent grycerin; (b) 25-55 percent water; (c) 3-10 percent nonionic first surface active agent such as a polythylene glycol ether of C11-C15 linear alcohol; and (d) 0.1-5 percent of a second surface active agent which is either anionic (eg. the dioctyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid, or the sodium sulfate derivative of 7 ethyl-2 methyl -4-undecanol), or cationic (eg. C8-C18 alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride). In the method, a cellulose ester or ether reverse osmosis membrane in a water-wet condition is immersed in the novel imbibing solution, and then is removed and dried under ambient conditions, or by exposing it to heated air.

Measurement of Depolarization Ratios in the Raman Spectra of Powdered Crystalline Solids

Abstract: The change in apparent depolarization ratio as a function of the refractive index of the surrounding liquid medium has been measured for the Raman active vibrational modes of powdered crystalline barium nitrate and sodium sulfate. This method provides an accurate measurement of the refractive index and depolarization ratios for barium nitrate, but fails to do so for sodium sulfate due to birefringent effects. The general applications of this technique for determining depolarization ratios of powdered crystalline solids are discussed.

Assimilatory Sulfate Reduction by the Hemoflagellate Leishmania tarentolae1

Abstract: SYNOPSIS. Continuous growth of one cell line (UCI variant) of Leishmania tarentolae was achieved in the absence of organic sulfur. These cells were able to use sodium sulfate, and, to a limited extent, sodium sulfite as their sole sulfur source and could utilize methionine sulfoxide in place of L-methionine. A related cell line (RU variant) was unable to grow in organic sulfate-free media nor could these cells utilize methionine sulfoxide. UCI promastigotes incorporated significant amounts of 35S sodium sulfate; killed cells did not take up the label. 35S incorporation was inhibited by sodium molybdate (5 × 10−4 M), sodium arsenite (5 × 10−4 M), 2,4-dinitrophenol (1 × 10−4 M), or KCN (5 × 10−4 M). RU promastigotes did not incorporate significant amounts of 35S sodium sulfate. Thin layer chromatographs of protein hydrolysates from UCI cells incubated in 35S sodium sulfate revealed several radio opaque spots, one of which had chromatographic properties of cystine. UCI variants of L. tarentolae were therefore capable of assimilatory sulfate reduction whereas RU cells lacked this ability.

Process of removing sodium chloride from kraft pulping process chemical recovery systems

Abstract: A process of removing sodium chloride which has accumulated in the precipitator catch of the kraft pulping process chemical recovery systems without undue loss of sodium sulfate and other useful chemicals. The process basically comprises leaching precipitator catch, which contains sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, sodium chloride and organic material, with sufficient aqueous sulfuric acid solution to produce a leached slurry of pH 3-6, thereby converting sodium carbonate to sodium sulfate and recovering sodium chloride.

Dry lubricated materials, members and systems with boron nitride and graphite

Abstract: An improved gas turbine regenerator seal system having a new configuration wherein one of the rubbing seal members thereof carries a new material providing an initial working surface comprised of an iron oxide matrix containing an interspersed mixture of boron nitride, nickel coated graphite and sodium sulfate - Na2SO4, sodium phosphate - Na3PO4, or calcium fluoride - CaF2.

Method of copper sulfide ore flotation

Abstract: A novel flotation promoter used in the concentration of copper bearing ores for the efficient selective flotation of copper values, including chalcopyrite, with suppression of iron pyrites; the promoter comprising a sodium sulfate of an aliphatic hydrocarbon having a carbon chain in excess of 12 carbons and chemically combined with at least one mole of the C2-C3 alkylene oxides.

Detergent composition and method of preparing same

Abstract: A detergent composition for automatic dishwashers is prepared by hydrating an alkali metal trimetaphosphate by reaction with a sodium hydroxide solution in the presence of an anionic wetting agent selected from sodium dodecyldiphenyl ether disulfonate or sodium 2-acetamido hexadecane-1-sulfonate or mixtures thereof. The hydrated tripolyphosphate is formulated with an alkali metal silicate, a bleach composition and sodium sulfate to form an excellent detergent composition.

Method for oxidizing the thiosulfate ions in a thiosulfate

Abstract: Method for oxidizing the thiosulfate ions in a thiosulfate waste comprising establishing a liquid aqueous oxidative zone; introducing dilute aqueous Na2S2O3, aqueous NH4OH, and aqueous H3PO4 into the zone; aerating and agitating the result at pH1.41.6 until the Na2S2O3 is oxidized to the hydrolysis products of sodium sulfate and sulfuric acid; and withdrawing aqueous liquid from the zone.

Polymerization of propylene by the three-component system comprising titanium(III) chloride, ethylaluminum sesquichloride, and sodium sulfate

Abstract: Sodium sulfate increases the polymerization activity of the titanium(III) chloride (AA)–ethylaluminum sesquichloride system for the polymerization of propylene. The reaction of ethylaluminum sesquichloride with sodium sulfate at mild conditions isolates diethylaluminum chloride, which is responsible for the polymerization activity. The reaction of these components at severe conditions forms an organometallic compound containing sulfate, (C2H5)4Al2SO4, and this compound is a powerful activator for titanium(III) chloride.

Tritium Fractionation on the Crystal Growth of Sodium Sulfate Decahydrate from Its Tritiated Aqueous Solution

Abstract: The fractionation of tritiated water (HTO) was examined during the crystallization of sodium sulfate decahydrate, Na2SO4·10H2O, from a slightly supersaturated solution which contained a trace amount of tritium. No appreciable fractionation of HTO was found to occur in the crystallization under both stirred and unstirred conditions. The factors which may influence the degree of the fractionation were generally considered in connection with the studies by deuterated water. It was suggested that virtually all of the water of crystallization in sodium sulfate decahydrate should come from free water in its aqueous solution, and should integrate into the crystal in accordance with the volume-diffusion model. This model was supported also by the energetical consideration of the sodium ion in the crystallization.

Flotation of copper sulfide ores

Abstract: A novel flotation promoter used in the concentration of copper-bearing ores for the efficient selective flotation of copper values, including chalcopyrite, with suppression of iron pyrites; the promoter comprising a sodium sulfate of an aliphatic hydrocarbon having a carbon chain of less than 12 carbons.

The Effect of Acid Radical Components of Alkali Salts on Corrosions of Mullite and Zircon by Alkaline Vapors

Abstract: In corrosion of mullite or zircon by alkali carbonate, alkali sulfate and alkali chloride vapor, respectively, there were difference to corrosion products and its mechanisms.The difference was raised from the acid radical components of alkali sulfate and alkali chloride. That is, in the first stage the alkali oxide component (Na2O or K2O) reacted with mullite or zircon, and next the acid radical component decomposed these reaction products into glass and the other compounds. Consequently, for example, in corrosion of mullite by sodium carbonate vapor, most corrosion products were carnegieite-sodium aluminate s.s., but in that by sodium sulfate and sodium chloride vapor, respectively, the needlelike crystals of corundum produced remakably with glass.In the cases of corrosion of mullite by potassium salts vapor and of zircon by sodium salts vapor, there also were similar difference.Their corrosions by alkali chloride vapor were very analogous to that by alkali sulfate vapor.

医薬品の品質に関する研究(第3報) : ガスクロマトグラフィーによる製剤中のナファゾリン及びその他の配合成分の定量

Abstract: Naphazoline contained in mixed eye-lotion was converted into N-acetyl and N-butyryl derivatives and determined by gas chromatography supported on 1.5% OV-17 along with chlorpheniramine maleate and T-caine, the consituents commonly present. The amount of sample corresponding to about 10 mg of naphazoline was taken, made alkaline with ammonia, and extracted with chloroform or carbon tetrachloride. The extract was dehydrated over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure below 40°. The residue was dissolved in 4.0 ml of 0.2% dioctyl phthalate solution, when T-caine was not present. To this solution was added 10 μl of acetic anhydride and shaken for 15 min. Excess reagent was decomposed by adding 2 ml of 10% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. The chloroform layer was separated and dehydrated over anhydrous sodium sulfate, 1.0-2.0 μl of this chloroform solution was injected into gas chromatography. When T-caine was present, the residue was dissolved in 4.0 ml of chloroform solution of 0.2% dicyclohexyl phthalate, added with 20 μl of butyric anhydride, and shaken for 30 min. The excess reagent was decomposed with 2 ml of 10% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. The chloroform solution was treated and applied to gas chromatography in the same manner as N-acetyl derivative. The decomposed products of naphazoline such as ethylenediamine, 1-naphthylacetic acid, and 1-naphtylacetylethylenediamine did not interfere in this method.

Evaporators with inverted circulation loops

Abstract: The evaporator operated under atmospheric pressure and under 620 mm Hg vacuum processing saturated solutions of sodium chloride (direct solubility: solubility increases at highertemperatur e) and sodium sulfate (inverse solubility: solubility decreases at higher temperature). These solutions were evaporated with crystal circulation and also with separation of crystals (clarification) by inserting a removable baffle into the separator to remove large crystals. Solids concentration in the circulated slurry was 20257c and 5%, respectively, for the two modes of operation. Inversion and stabilization of flowwas carriedout by blowing air (steam) into the riser pipe through perforated tubes or by a circulating pump. Air flow during blowing was 156 m3/m 2 (based on pipe active area) or 1-3 wt. % of the secondary steam. This air flow resulted in stable circulation with 1.5-1.6 m/sec maximum velocity [4]. Forced circulation experiments were carried out only under atmospheric pressure with 1.5, 2.7, and 3.4 m/sec velocities. Capacity (water evaporated), circulation rate, superheat in the tubes, and the dynamics of parameter variation with time (run length) were investigated. Washing of the evaporator, when it scaled up, was done "on-stream" by reducing the concentration of the circulating solution: the capacity of the evaporator was restored after 20-30 rain. Experimental resuits are shown in Figs. 2-4. Figure 2 shows that, when air blowing is used, the time for scaling to begin (run duration) depends on the effective temperature difference, the composition of the solution, and the type of solution (direct or inverse solubility). Crystal circulation was benificial only for sodium suIfate solutions at At = 15 ~ and was detrimental for evaporating sodium chloride solutions (crystals were precipitated on the upper tubesheet). Scale formation on the heating surface was different for the two solutions: growths on the tubesheet when evaporating sodium chloride with clean tube surfaces (Fig. 4a, b) and a continuous scale formed during evaporation of sodium sulfate (Fig. 4 c). During evaporation of sodium sulfate solutionwith At = 15~ there was no scaling while the tubesheet was subjected to extensive scaling when sodium chloride was evaporated under sinailar conditions (Fig. 4b). Superheat was 3-3.5 ~ and 1.5-2 ~ respectively, for sodium chloride and sodium sulfate solutions. Similar resultswere obtained in evaporating sodium chloride solutions with air blowing, while rapid (after 2-3 h) scaling was noted with sodium sulfate solutions. Forced circulation experiments demonstrated (Fig. 3) that crystal circulation (operation with clarification) extends the operating cycle only for sodium sulfate solutions, particularly at At = 15 ~ Increasing the circulation velocity to > 3.0 m/sec (not shown in Fig. 3) did not affect the operation of the evaporator. This is evidently due to the incomplete removal of supersaturation due to reduced solution residence time in the separator. Circulation rates > 1.5-2 m/sec for sodium chloride solution do not affect the operation of the evaporator significantly. Evaporation of sodium sulfate without clarification of the solution at At =10 ~