Showing papers on "Sodium sulfate published in 1976"

Built detergent compositions

Abstract: Dry powder laundry detergent compositions which contain an anionic, nonionic, ampholytic or zwitterionic synthetic detergent, a sodium carbonate, bicarbonate or sesquicarbonate, amorphous sodium silicate and sodium sulfate, used in certain ranges of proportions.

Physical Properties of Pyrimidine and Purine Antimetabolites. I. The Effects of Salts and Temperature on the Solubility of 5-Fluorouracil, 1-(2-Tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil, 6-Mercaptopurine, and Thioinosine

Abstract: The effects of sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, and sodium iodide on the solubility of 5-fluorouracil, 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil, 6-mercaptopurine, and thioinosine were studied. Sodium chloride and sulfate salted-out these antimetabolites while sodium iodide salted-in them. The solubility of these antimetabolites at various temperatures was also measured. There was no indication of the transition in the stable form in the temperature range studied.

Process for treating waste water containing polyvinyl alcohol

Abstract: A process for treating waste water containing polyvinyl alcohol (designated hereinafter as P.V.A.) comprising separation of the P.V.A. in the form of a compound with boric acid which is produced at pH 8 to 10 by a reaction with boric acid or borax added in the presence of an inorganic salt such as sodium sulfate, and using thus regenerated liquid repeatedly, and a process of utilizing waste containing P.V.A. for desizing textile.

Method for recovering and exploiting waste of the chromic anhydride production

Abstract: A process of recovering and exploiting wastes from chromic anhydride production, wherein the slurry comprising a water suspension of solid waste residue from chromic anhydride processing is subjected to a first reaction stage with sodium chromate solution at a constant flow rate and such a density as to avoid precipitation of sodium sulfate, setting pH to 2-8 by adjusting the slurry flow rate, and finally separating by filtering insoluble chromium chromate formed from the sodium bichromate and sodium sulfate solution.

Aqueous solvents for extracting glanded cottonseed protein without gland rupture

Abstract: The presence of pigment glands has thwarted attempts to extract edible cottonseed protein aqueously from glanded seeds or gland-rich meals, probably because of the widely held belief that glands rupture on contact with aqueous media. We found several aqueous salt solutions in which glands did not rupture. Glands remained intact in saturated (2m) sodium sulfate, but not in saturated 2m or 4m solutions of sulfates, chlorides, and nitrates of other Group IA elements as well as sodium chloride and sodium nitrate. Glands also remained intact in saturated solutions of sulfates of aluminum, ammonium, cadmium, copper, magnesium, nickel, and zinc, and chlorides of calcium, iron, and magnesium. Some of these solutions were diluted to <50% saturation before glands started rupturing. Cottonseed protein in the liquid cyclone underflow fraction (gland-rich fraction) was soluble in sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, but not in calcium chloride or sodium phosphate. Its solubility in sodium sulfate was investigated further with the following results: Alkalinity of sodium sulfate solution had no effect on solubility; ratio of solid to solvent had no effect in the range of 1:3.5–1:60 (wt:vol); 80% saturated sodium sulfate was optimal for solubility without gland rupture; the period of contact of meal and solvent had no effect on protein solubility in the range of a few minutes to 2 hr. These results indicate that the extraction of cottonseed protein with aqueous solvents in the presence of pigment glands appears technically feasible.

Process for removing nitrogen oxides from gaseous mixtures

Abstract: Gaseous mixtures containing nitrogen oxides are contacted with an aqueous solution containing sodium sulfite, trisodium imidobissulfate and sodium sulfate while adjusting the pH thereof by sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate, and sulfur dioxide is contacted therewith simultaneously or thereafter to produce therein disodium imidobissulfate and sodium hydrogensulfate, and then sodium hydroxide is added therein to deposit sodium sulfate 10 hydrate firstly and trisodium imidobissulfate 1 hydrate secondly, and thereafter the mother liquor is recycled as the absorption medium for nitrogen oxides.

Removal of sulfate from industrial wastewaters

Abstract: In many countries, the amount of sulfate that can be disc arged to a sewer is limited to 300 to 600 mg/1. It is restricted because of the effect of sulfate ions on the wastewater-reticulation system. They form sulfate-aiuminate complexes that swell and crack concrete made from nonresistant cement.1 Apart from this, the concentra tion of sulfate is proportional to the amount of hydrogen sulfide that can be generated under conditions favoring septicity.2 In the wool textile industry, two pro cesses are the main sources of sulfate in effluents: dyeing and carbonizing. In dye ing, considerable amounts of ammonium and sodium sulfate are used for buffering and levelling, respectively. The actual sul fate concentration of the effluent depends on the amount of salt used and the degree of dilution with rinse waters. In carboniz ing, wools containing large quantities of vegetable matter are treated with sulfuric acid after scouring, and the two waste waters may then be combined. The char acteristics of typical Australian scouring, carbonizing and combined effluents are shown in Table I.3 The sulfate level can be reduced eco nomically only by precipitation as calcium sulfate by addition of lime. Reduction be low 1,300 mg/1 in this way is impossible because of the solubility of calcium sulfate. However, when solutions of aluminum sul fate, calcium sulfate, and calcium hydroxide are mixed at room temperature, a precipi tate of formula 3CaO-Al203-3CaS04-31 H20 is formed immediately.4 It seemed possible that such a precipitation could be used to remove sulfate ions from an effluent.

Method of obtaining caustic soda from a sodium chloride liquor containing sulphate ions recovered from an electrolytic cell

Abstract: A method of obtaining caustic soda and pure sodium chloride from an electrolytic cell liquor containing also sulfate ions including the steps of concentrating the liquor through multiple effect evaporation, cooling the concentrate obtained, separating the sodium chloride and the salt containing sulfate and recovering the caustic soda, whereby during a first stage the liquor is evaporated so as to precipitate only sodium chloride which is removed, in a second stage a solid phase is formed of sodium chloride, sodium sulfate and triple salt of caustic soda, sodium chloride and sodium sulfate, with said solid phase being contacted with a caustic soda solution of less than about 35% by weight concentration, so as to decompose said triple salt, removing the salt containing sulfate, and in a third stage the solution from the second stage is cooled to precipitate said triple salt of caustic soda, sodium chloride and sodium sulfate, which is separated from the caustic soda which does not crystallize and is removed from the system, and the resulting solid phase which remains is collected and is recycled into the initial electrolytic cell liquor.

Effects of Various Salts on the Mechanical Properties of Homogeneous Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Hydrogels

Abstract: Dynamic mechanical measurements were carried out by a longitudinal vibration method on homogeneous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) hydrogels with added sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, and sodium iodide. Complex tensile moduli were measured at frequencies between 0.006 and 0.6 Hz and at various temperatures between 0 and 40°C. The effects of the addition of salts to PHEMA hydrogels on the shape of moduli and compliances and on the monomeric friction coefficient ζ were studied. It was found that the addition of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate to PHEMA hydrogels causes an increase in ζ and, that, on the other hand, sodium iodide acts as a plasticizer in the gels. The latter behavior was explained as due to specific ion—polymer interactions. The time—concentration superposition was performed for the system with added salts and the PHEMA gels without added salts, which were studied previously. The concentration reduction which was used in the superposition of the main transition region cannot be applied to the rubber-like region. The values of the reduced compliance in the rubber-like region decrease in the order of NaI—water>water>NaCl—water, Na2SO4water. This effect was interpreted in terms of the difference in the influence of the added salts to a diluent-induced structure in the PHEMA gels.

Process for the desulfurization of flue gases

Abstract: Flue gas having a content of sulfur dioxide is passed upwardly through a scrubbing tower against a descending flow of recycled aqueous sodium aluminate-sodium hydroxide liquor. The sulfur dioxide in the gas is converted to sodium and aluminum sulfates and sulfites and the liquor removes any fly ash present in the gas. Underflow is continuously discharged from the tower and is sent to an evaporator for removal of excess water. Make-up solutions of sodiuum hydroxide, sodium sulfate and aluminum sulfate are added, as necessary. Carbonaceous reducing agent is added to the discharge from the evaporator. The mixture is continuously fed into a reducing furnace where the sulfates and sulfites are reduced to sulfides. The product of the furnace (molten sodium and aluminum sulfides) is charged into a continuous hydrolyzer. Hydrogen sulfide is evolved and collected, and, if desired, its sulfur content is converted to elementary sulfur. The underflow from the hydrolyzer is filtered. The filtrate is aqueous sodium aluminate-sodium hydroxide solution which is recycled to the scrubbing tower.

[Comparison of the digestive utilization of methionine, of its hydroxylated analog, and of sodium sulfate in goats using 35s compounds].

Abstract: 35S and 35S free and protein bound amino acids were estimated in goats' abomasal contents and blood after ruminal injections of sulfer labelled compounds: methionine, methionine hydroxy analog (M.H.A.) and sodium sulfate. 35S incorporation into microbial and plasma proteins was higher with methionine than with M.H.A. or sulfate. 35S.M.H.A. utilisation seems to be less different from Na2 35SO4 utilisation than from 35S methionine utilisation.

Process for producing powdery water-soluble polymer

Abstract: Title of the Invention: PROCESS FOR PRODUCING POWDERY WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMER Abstract of the Disclosure The aqueous gel of water-soluble acrylic polymer is mixed with a water-unsaturated salt such as anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the water component of aqueous gel is dehydrated as crystal water of said salt, then the polymer is easily powdered

A study of soil cement with chemical additives

Abstract: The best practical method of stabilization for construction of flexible pavements in Rhode Island was determined by investigating 17 soils with nine different chemical additives. The study was conducted both in the laboratory and in the field. The laboratory study dealt mainly with the selection of the most effective chemical additive for the cement-stabilized Rhode Island soils. The field study was essentially an evaluation of the effectiveness of cement stabilization with and without a chemical additive based on pavement performance. Results indicated that sodium sulfate is the most effective chemical additive. Addition of 1 percent sodium sulfate can significantly increase strength and durability and decrease frost heaving. Pavements containing soil cement plus 1 percent sodium sulfate base possess greater rigidity than those with soil cement alone. Soil cement test pavements developed cracks; an addition of 1 percent sodium sulfate did not appear to significantly influence the cracking behavior of pavement.

Drying of dialkyl peroxydicarbonates

Abstract: Dialkyl peroxydicarbonates are prepared in aqueous reaction media, washed with water, and then dried with sodium sulfate, calcium chloride, or the like. Peroxydicarbonates, particularly heat-sensitive peroxydicarbonates, may be dried safely and more effectively with the use of molecular sieves by contacting substantially phase water free peroxydicarbonate with sieves. Contact between heat-sensitive peroxydicarbonate and sieves should be effected in a way that avoids abrupt, excessive warming of peroxydicarbonate.

Method for the production of lead storage battery electrodes

Abstract: Positive electrodes for lead storage batteries are produced by "forming" the electrodes in an alkaline electrolyte containing an anion which forms a very slightly soluble lead compound The electrode may also be immersed, prior to forming, in pure water, an aqeuous solution of sodium sulfate, and/or sodium hydroxide