Showing papers on "Solanum incanum published in 2017"

Development and Genetic Characterization of Advanced Backcross Materials and An Introgression Line Population of Solanum incanum in a S. melongena Background.

Abstract: Advanced backcrosses (ABs) and introgression lines (ILs) of eggplant (Solanum melongena) can speed up genetics and genomics studies and breeding in this crop. We have developed the first full set of ABs and ILs in eggplant using Solanum incanum, a wild eggplant that has a relatively high tolerance to drought, as a donor parent. The development of these ABs and IL eggplant populations had a low efficiency in the early stages, because of the lack of molecular markers and genomic tools. However, this dramatically improved after performing genotyping-by-sequencing in the first round of selfing, followed by high-resolution-melting single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping in subsequent selection steps. A set of 73 selected ABs covered 99% of the S. incanum genome, while 25 fixed immortal ILs, each carrying a single introgressed fragment in homozygosis, altogether spanned 61.7% of the S. incanum genome. The introgressed size fragment in the ILs contained between 0.1% and 10.9% of the S. incanum genome, with amean value of 4.3%. Sixty-eight candidate genes involved in drought tolerance were identified in the set of ILs. This first set of ABs and ILs of eggplant will be extremely useful for the genetic dissection of traits of interest for eggplant, and represents an elite material for introduction into the breeding pipelines for developing new eggplant cultivars adapted to the challenges posed by the climate-change scenario.

In vitro Screening for Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B and Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors from Nigerian Medicinal Plants

Abstract: Background/Aim: Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) have been identified as one of the drug target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The current study was designed to screen for PTP1B and DPP IV inhibitors from some Nigerian medicinal plants. Methods: PTP 1 B and DPP IV Drug Discovery Kits from Enzo Life Sciences were used to investigate in vitro inhibitory effect of crude methanolic extract of 10 plants; Mangifera indica, Moringa oleifera, Acacia nilotica, Arachis hypogea, Senna nigricans, Azadirachta indica, Calotropis procera, Leptadenia hastata, Ziziphus mauritiana and Solanum incanum. Results: The result indicated PTP IB inhibition by Senna nigricans (68.2±2.29%), Azadirachta indica (67.4±2.80%), Arachis hypogea (57.2±2.50%), Acacia nilotica (55.1±2.19%) and Moringa oleifera (41.2±1.87%) were significantly (P0.05) different from that of sumarin. The DPP IV inhibition by S. incanum (68.1±2.71%) was significantly higher as compared with a known inhibitor, P32/98. S. nigrican (57.0±1.91%), Z. mauritiana (56.6±2.01%), A. hypogea (51.0±1.30%), M. indica (44.6±2.40%), C procera (36.2±2.00%), A. nilotica (35.4±2.10%) and A. indica (33.6±1.50%) show significantly (P

Potential of Sodom Apple (Solanum incanum L.) Fruit Extracts in the Management of Chilli Root Knot Disease in Nakuru County, Kenya

Abstract: Sodom apple (Solanum incanum L) fruit extracts were tested for their potential to manage root knot disease caused by Meloidogyne spp in chilli (Capsicum annuum L) The effect of sodom apple fruit extracts at different concentrations on the plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, number of galls, and nitrogen and phosphorous levels in chilli infected with root knot nematodes was evaluated The efficacy of sodom apple fruit extracts against the root knot nematodes was tested under glasshouse and field conditions All treatment effects were determined by one-way ANOVA using SAS program (Version 93) Evaluation after treatment of plants with sodom apple fruit extracts showed that there was a significant difference () in plant heights, number of galls, leaf number, and nitrogen levels in chilli In the field experiment, the highest mean heights were recorded in the 100% treatment (T1) during the first and third reading Chilli plants that were treated with the sodom apple fruit extract had a significantly high number of leaves In the greenhouse experiment, the positive control (T6) had the highest mean heights followed by the 50% treatment (T2) Our research results showed that sodom apple fruit extracts have nematicidal compounds with a potential to be used in the management of chilli root knot nematodes

In vitro Anticancer Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants from Oman

Abstract: This paper reports in vitro anticancer activity of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water extracts obtained from twelve (12) medicinal plants including Aloe dhufarensis, Calotropis procera, Juniperus servaschanica, Lawsonia inermis, Maytenus dhofarensis, Moringa peregrina, Polygala senensis, Punica granatum, Rhazya stricta, Solanum incanum, Teucrium mascatense and Zataria multiflora collected from Oman. Crude ethanol extracts prepared by maceration of plant materials in ethanol were Kupchan partitioned to give hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fractions. Cytotoxicities of the prepared fractions were measured by Alamar blue assay against ovarian cancer cell line (MCAS) and breast cancer cell line (MDA MB231). Thirteen extracts from five plants C. procera, J. servaschanica, M. dhofarensis, S. incanum and T. mascatense were found active against MCAS; hexane extract from J. servaschanica was the most active followed by chloroform extract from leaves of S. incanum (IC50 = 8.50 and 10.90 µg/ml, respectively). Furthermore, nine extracts from these plants except C. procera inhibited the growth of MDA MB321; hexane extract from J. servaschanica was again the most active followed by butanol extract of S. incanum. (IC50 = 11.4 and 19.44 µg/ml, respectively). Ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological information on flora growing in this intemperate, hot climate region could provide new chemical entities for development of new and more potent cancer chemotherapeutics.

A Study of Bioactivity of Solanum incanum L. Fruit Extracts onMicroorganisms of the Oral Cavity

Abstract: Tooth decay is an infection due to demineralization and destruction of the hard tissues of the teeth by oral microbes. It is as a result of production of acid by bacterial fermentation of food debris accumulated on the tooth surface. Depending on the extent of tooth destruction, various treatments can be used to restore teeth to normality, but there is no known method to regenerate large amounts of tooth structure. Instead, Dental Health Organizations advocates preventive and prophylactic measures, such as regular oral hygiene and dietary modifications to avoid dental caries. Herbal remedies have a long history of use for gum and tooth problem such as dental caries. Solanum incanum L. fruits are locally used to manage the tooth decay which is caused by mouth microbes. In this study, the effect of Solanum incanum fruit extracts on growth of oral microbes was investigated. When the microbes were treated with Solanum incanum fruit extract at concentration; 10 μl, 20 μl, 30 μl, and 40 μl, 50 μl, 60 μl, 70 μl, 90 μl and 100 μl respectively, the optimum concentration obtained was 70 μl. Similarly, laboratory observations showed that the betadine mouth wash used worked as best as Solanum incanum fruit extract with the optimum concentration attained at 70 μl. There was no significance difference on the inhibitory effects of both betadine mouth wash and Solanum incanum fruit extracts on oral microbes but on close observation of regression analysis models betadine had more inhibitory effects than Solanum incanum fruit extracts.

A Solanum incanum extract (SR-T100) regresses vulvar condyloma acuminatum and induces distinct autophagic and apoptotic responses in different types of HPV-infected cells

Abstract: The Solanum species have been used for the treatment of warts, tumor and cancer in folk medicine. The S. incanum extract is an important traditional Chinese medicine in Taiwan since 1973. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Solanum incanum (synonym: Solanum undatum) extract (SR-T100), a water-soluble product primarily composed of alkaloid solamargine, for the treatment of human condyloma and to study the possible underlying anti-condyloma mechanisms. We conducted a pilot study to test the effectiveness and side effects of SR-T100 gel (2.3% solamargine in Solanum incanum plant extract) for the treatment of external genital warts. We produced different types of human papillomavirus (HPV) E6/E7-infected cells by lentiviral technology and studied the differences in apoptosis and autophagy between these cells under the treatment of SR-T100. Nineteen (73%) of 26 patients using the SR-T100 gel exhibited a response, and 16 (61.5%) patients achieved total clearance. Only one patient showed severe (grade 3-4) skin-related side effects. SR-T100 induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in HPV-infected cells. Cells expressing the high-risk HPV E6/E7 type were resistant to SR-T100-induced apoptosis. SR-T100 induced a greater autophagic response in HPV 16, 18-E6/E7 cells than in HPV 6b, 11-E6/E7 cells. Autophagy inhibition enhanced SR-T100-induced apoptosis in HPV 16, 18-E6/E7 cells, whereas apoptosis inhibition enhanced SR-T100-induced autophagy in HPV 6b, 11-E6/E7 cells. SR-T100 is effective for the treatment of human vulva condyloma, with few side effects. Compared with those with high-risk HPVs, cells with low-risk HPVs were more sensitive to SR-T100 treatment. Autophagy played a protective role in SR-T100-induced apoptosis in HPV-infected cells. NCT01676792 ; Registered: August 29, 2012 (retrospectively registered).

Phytochemical study and biological evaluation of five plants belonging to the family Solanaceae

Abstract: This study aimed at the evaluation of in vitro antibacterial, antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of methanolic leaf extracts and steroidal glycoalkaloids fractions (SGAFs) of Solanum incanum L., S. schimperianum Hochst, S. nigrum L., Physalis lagascae Roem. & Schult. and Withania somnifera (L) Dunal. The sensitivity of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to each extract was variable (IC50 values in the range of 15->1000 µg/mL). The methanolic extract of S. schimperianum leaf demonstrated interesting anti-proliferative activity against the human cell lines tested with IC50 values in the range of 2.69 to 19.83 µg/mL while the highest activity from the SGAFs was obtained from W. somnifera leaf with IC50 values in the range of 1.29 to 5.00 µg/mL. The SGAFs of all species demonstrated higher scavenging activity than their respective methanolic extracts. The SGAF of S. schimperianum displayed the strongest antioxidant activity in both assays with IC50 value 3.5 ± 0.2DPPH and 3.5 ±0.3ABTS µg/mL. GC-MS analysis of methanolic and SGAFs extracts of the studied species revealed the presence of steroidal alkaloids, steroidal saponins, steroids and other compounds like terpenes, phenols and alkanes. Their distribution varied among the species and thus they could provide evidence to assess preliminary chemotaxonomic relationships. Twelve known hydroxycinnamic acid amides were tentatively identified from the methanolic extract of S. schimperianum leaf and N-caffeoyl agmatine appeared with the highest intensity. Moreover, the presence of steroid alkaloids solanopubamine and solanocapsine as well as dehydroderivatives of the 3-amino steroid alkaloids was suggested. Furthermore, three compounds quercetin, kaempferol glycoside and β-sitosterol were isolated and identified. In silico investigation of these three compounds for their potency against cancer revealed that β-sitosterol was found to be the most selective compound against human pregnane X receptor (PXR) and gave the highest binding energy (-11.2 kcal/mol). These results suggested that Solanaceae plants endogenous to Sudan could be a potential source of bioactive agents

Study of the sensitivity of Enterococcus faecalis to the methanolic extracts of Solanum incanum L

Abstract: Context: Enterococci are known germs capable of causing urinary infections, peritonitis, intra-abdominal abscesses, nosocomial bacteremia. These germs are today experiencing several forms of resistance to antibiotics sold on the market in the DRC. Goal: The aim of this work was to determine the sensitivity of enterococcus faecalis to the total extracts of Solanum incanum L., an effective reputed plant in traditional medicine for the treatment of infections caused by Enterococcus faecalis in the city of Lubumbashi, DRC. Material and methods: The preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out on the total extracts for the identification of phytochemicals active in the plant and the strain of Enterococcus faecalismade it possible to carry out the sensitivity tests. Results: The results reveal the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and tannins. Biological tests reveal a sensitivity of Solanum incanum L. to total extracts of this plant. Conclusion: The analyzes carried out show that this plant used in Congolese traditional medicine is effective against the infections caused by Enterococcus faecalis. The subsequent fractionation of the total extracts and the evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the fractions which will be obtained will make it possible to demonstrate the active principles responsible for this antibacterial activity.