Showing papers on "Solenoid published in 1985"

Vehicle suspension apparatus

Abstract: Wheel suspension units each having fluid spring chambers are arranged in a vehicle suspension apparatus. A roll control quantity determined in accordance with the relationship between a vehicle velocity and a steering angular velocity, i.e., inlet solenoid valves and exhaust solenoid valves, are controlled in accordance with a solenoid ON/OFF time, thereby controlling the roll of a vehicle.

Strong and ultrastrong magnetic fields and their applications: introduction

Abstract: Panorama mondial de la recherche experimentale dans le domaine des champs magnetiques intenses et hyperintenses (10 a 1000 T)

Electromagnetic valve with permanent magnet armature

Abstract: A modulating valve is described for controlling the flow of a working fluid through a flow orifice. The valve includes a encapsulated armature having a permanent magnet and a pair of soft iron pole pieces within its interior. The armature is axially movable by the passage of current through one or a dual pair of solenoid coils surrounding the armature. A thin webbed sealing disk is stretched over the end of an armature housing extension and acts to close or modulate flow of working fluid by varying the axial clearance between the disk and a stationary annular seat of the flow orifice. The armature is supported on flexure guide springs that allow armature axial motion when axial magnetic forces are applied to the armature. These axial forces are provided by the interaction of the solenoid coil(s) and the field of the permanent magnet. A magnetic field gradient produced by the permanent magnet allows the coil to apply a force to the armature in either the valve opening or valve closing direction, depending on the coil current polarity. An armature velocity signal is used in a closed loop servo control of valve position to suppress valve oscillation and over shoot when a change in valve position is commanded.

Electrical connector assembly for antiskid braking system

Abstract: A connector assembly for an anti-skid hydraulic braking system comprises a bulkhead connector extending through an aperture in a sidewall of the brake fluid reservoir, a connector harness mounted along the inside of the reservoir sidewalls extending from the bulkhead connector to three solenoid assemblies mounted on the reservoir floor, and a solenoid connector on each solenoid assembly in engagement with the connector harness. The solenoids extend through floor apertures into the master cylinder to respective hydraulic lines extending to brake cylinders in the wheels, one of the solenoids handling both rear wheels. The bulkhead connector mates with a connector outside the reserovir which is terminated to a wire harness connected to the on-board microprocessor to relay current to the solenoids when data from individual wheel speed sensors is processed to determine that a particular wheel is about to skid. The solenoid for that wheel is then instantaneously actuated to momentarily decrease hydraulic pressure in that wheel's brake fluid line. The connector harness is planar and can be bent around corners between adjoining sidewalls of the reservoir. Contact sections on path members of the harness are exposed to be engaged by spring arm contact sections of the bulkhead connector and the individual solenoid connectors. The harness is made by overmolding spaced cover portions over a stamped lead frame and then severing the individual path members from each other, and the path members can be bent between the cover portions.

Ground fault circuit interrupter

Abstract: In a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI), a pair of flexure arms having moveable contacts disposed thereon are deflected in response to the activation of a solenoid having a moveable core. The core of the solenoid causes a pair of cam actuators which are preferably coupled together by a catcher to rotate. The rotation of the cam actuators causes the deflection of the flexure arms, thereby separating the moveable contacts from the stationary contacts and interrupting the flow of current. The activation of the solenoid is controlled by an electronic module. The electromechanical current interrupter and the electronic module are disposed within a housing that can be mounted within a standard electrical receptacle box.

Electric Solenoid operation vehicle hood lock

Abstract: A solenoid activated locking system primarily for hood and trunk manual release systems for vehicles. The solenoid is connected to a cable tied to the latch of a conventional hood or trunk release system. Unless activated, the solenoid prevents manual release of the trunk or hood lids to prevent access to the truck or engine compartment to someone who has obtained unauthorized access to the vehicle interior. The solenoid is automatically actuated for a preselected period of time whenever the ignition is turned on or off or when a reset switch is closed for more than a minimum and less than a maximum period of time. In addition, the solenoid is activated automatically during closure of the hood or trunk lid to permit secure engagement of the corresponding latch mechanism. An emergency release cable, hidden in an obscure location external of the vehicle, is provided for enabling manual release of the solenoid in the event of vehicle battery failure or other otherwise disabling event.

Injector driver fault detect and protection device

Abstract: An injector driver fault detect and protection device for use with fuel injection systems that include at least one solenoid (17) for controlling a fuel injection valve, control means for providing a control signal, injector driver means (14) responsive to the control signal for providing a drive signal, and a current control switch (16) being responsive to the drive signal for selectively closing and opening a power line that includes the solenoid (17) to thereby control the fuel injection valve. The device includes a fault detect and protection unit that receives current sense information regarding the flow of current through the solenoid (17), control signals from the control unit (13), and engine rotation data in the form of CAM degrees from a CAM position sense unit (19). Based upon this information, the fault detect and protection unit (11) can provide a fault protect signal to a fault control switch (12) to open circuit the solenoid (17) under specific fault conditions, and to provide a fault data signal under other fault conditions, as appropriate.

Variable reluctance actuators having improved constant force control and position-sensing features

Abstract: A variable reluctance actuator, of either the linear or rotary type, having a moving element operated by a solenoid, is controlled by a Hall effect sensor signal representative of flux density in the magnetic circuit of the actuator. The actuator may be operated in either a constant-force control mode, or a position-sensing or control mode. Substantially constant force, independent of position of the actuator's movable element, is obtained by varying, rather than stabilizing, the sensed magnetic field during movement. Position sensing, independent of actuator force, is obtained by variably controlling the magnitude of the excitation current of the Hall effect sensor in response to the magnitude of the coil current and Hall sensor output.

Subsurface solenoid latched safety valve

Abstract: A subsurface solenoid well safety valve which is locked in the open position, after being opened mechanically, for preventing the valve from closing. A valve closure member is controlled by a tubular member which is mechanically moved downwardly to open the valve. An armature movable in the housing is actuated by a solenoid coil for locking the tubular member in the open position to the valve housing. Deenergization of the coil releases the armature and the lock and allows the tubular member to be biased to the open position.

An electromagnetic microscopic positioning device for the scanning tunneling microscope

Abstract: We have developed a device that is capable of moving with steps as small as 70 A in any direction over a flat surface. The device that we call the Maggot consists of two permanent magnets attached to the corners of a triangular plate that stands on a flat base with three fixed ball‐bearing feet. The Maggot is propelled across the base by the magnetic fields from two coils that are powered by computer‐controlled current pulses. Steering of the Maggot is made by vector addition of the pulses by the computer. A complete electromagnetic force theory is given in order to find the best magnet and solenoid geometries for maximum performance. The Maggot is UHV compatible, operates from 500 to 4.2 °K, and is most suitable for operation on a vibration‐isolated base. Movement data is measured with both optical and scanning tunneling microscopy.

Electromagnetic directional control valve

Abstract: An electromagnetic directional control valve for changing over flow paths of fluid comprises a plunger disposed in a case and being capable of moving from a neutral position in one axial direction by a first solenoid and in the other axial direction by a second solenoid to participate in the changeover of the flow paths. First and second stoppers bearing against the plunger are moved together with the plunger respectively in one axial direction and the other axial direction. First and second springs bias the first and second stopper respectively in the direction of abutting against the plunger. The plunger is stopped at the first neutral position held by the first and second springs, at a second position to which the plunger is moved in one axial direction by the first solenoid against the first spring and a third position to which the plunger is moved in the other axial direction by the second solenoid against the second spring.

Construction and testing of a 3 m diameter × 5 m superconducting solenoid for the fermilab collider detector facility (CDF)

Abstract: A thin 3 m diameter × 5 m, 15 T superconducting solenoid for the Fermilab collider detector facility (CDF solenoid) was constructed Cool-down and excitation tests of the solenoid were carried out The design current is 5000 A and the stored magnetic energy is 30 × 106 J The solenoid utilizes the forced flow cooling method of two-phase helium and does not have a permanent inner bobbin The material thickness of the solenoid is 085 radiation length in the radial direction An aluminum-stabilized NbTi/Cu superconductor fabricated with the EFT method was used Radially outward magnetic forces must be supported with an outer support cylinder shrink-fitted outside the coil The helium cooling tube of 20 mm in inner diameter and about 140 m in length was welded to the outer support cylinder The maximum excitation current was limited to 2800 A in the present tests without an iron return yoke Thermal response of the solenoid during the cool-down and excitation tests was very steady A series of heater quench tests was attempted by using a heater installed at the outer support cylinder The solenoid did not quench even for a heater input of about 10 kJ In a warm-up test the liquid helium supply was shut off The coil stayed superconducting for about 90 min and then the entire coil became normal very uniformly This result is consistent with the measured heat load of the solenoid of about 35 W The results of the present tests indicate the excellent thermal stability of the solenoid

Hydraulically drive wheelchair

Abstract: A hydraulically actuated, energy efficient wheelchair utilizes a pair of identical wheelchair drive units, with each unit having a constant speed battery powered electric motor driving a hydraulic pump and associated hydraulic motor. Hydraulic fluid flow between each pump and its hydraulic motor is controlled by the operator through the use of a solenoid actuated proportional control valve to determine the speed and direction of rotation of the hydraulic motor. One of these hydraulic motors is mechanically coupled to each wheelchair drive wheel. Means are provided to discharge excess pressurized fluid upstream of the hydraulic motor so as to minimize the backpressure on the pump and to thereby conserve driving energy and increase battery life. A method for hydraulically driving the wheelchair is also disclosed.

Effects of space charge and lens aberrations in the focusing of an electron beam by a solenoid lens

Abstract: The effects of space charge and lens aberrations on a 5‐keV, 80–200‐mA electron beam focused by a solenoid lens are investigated theoretically and experimentally. A third‐order radial trajectory equation is derived with space charge added in the form of discrete annular current elements. This equation is numerically solved for the trajectories of focused electrons in a short solenoid lens. Trajectories launched near the axis are ‘‘reflected’’ from the axis at the waist due to space charge, and trajectories launched farther from axis, cross the axis. The resulting discontinuity is best illustrated in a transverse phase‐space plot where it may be described as a ‘‘tearing’’ of the electron distribution. Due to the combined action of the nonlinear lens forces and the space charge, the initially uniform radial current density distribution becomes markedly nonuniform (hollow or peaked depending on distance) downstream from the lens. Detailed experimental measurements of the density profiles at different positions are found to be in very good agreement with computations.

Automatic demand chlorination system

Abstract: An automatic demand chlorination system for use with a recirculation unit for a body of fluid, the body of fluid has a chemical therein. The automatic demand chlorination system comprises a chemical sensing unit for detecting the amount of the chemical and producing a signal, a chemical feed unit for feeding the chemical into the recirculation unit, an electronics unit for controlling the feeding of the chemical, and a solenoid unit for actuating the chemical feed unit. The electronics unit comprises input signal regulation means for receiving the signal of the sensing unit and generating a regulated signal; comparator means for comparing the regulated signal with a predetermined signal representative of the desired amount of the chemical in the recirculation unit and generating a chemical infeed signal; and solenoid timer means for receiving the chemical infeed signal and activating the solenoid unit.

Combination electrically operated solenoid safety valve and measuring sensor

Abstract: A surface controlled electrically operated solenoid subsurface safety valve is positioned in a well tubing in a well and controlled by an electrical control line extending from the solenoid coil to the well surface. One or more measuring sensors are positioned in the well for measuring a physical property of the well. The input of the sensor is connected to the control line for receiving electrical power and the output of the sensor is connected to the control power for supplying an output signal proportional to the measurement of the physical property. The output signal is distinguishable from the electrical supply current to the solenoid coil. A signal processor at the well surface receives the sensor output. Preferably the sensors are connected in parallel with at least a portion of the solenoid coil.

Coil retainer for solenoid

Abstract: A solenoid operated valve is disclosed having a valve housing including a passage therethrough, a valve seat within the passage, and a valve member movable between an open and a closed position. A solenoid actuator is provided for effecting movement of the valve member. The solenoid includes a coil selectively energizable and de-energizable by a source of electric power for generating a magnetic flux. A tube is provided having a closed outer end and an open inner end disposed generally coaxially with respect to the coil, and with the inner end of the tube being secured to the valve housing. The tube receives the valve member as it moves axially within the tube between its open and closed positions. A housing receives the coil and the housing has an outer face with an opening therein such that with the housing and the coil receiving the tube, the outer end of the tube extends out beyond the outer face of the housing. Specifically, the tube has a circumferential groove therearound adjacent its outer end and the groove is spaced beyond the outer face of the housing. A fastener, such as a spring clip, is provided which is secured to the housing and is carried on the outer face of the housing so as to resiliently cooperate with the groove on the tube as the housing and the coil are installed on the tube so as to secure the housing and the coil relative to the tube.

MRI of the female breast. First clinical results.

Abstract: MRI allows non invasive detection and diagnosis of benign and malignant diseases of the breast. This study, using solenoid surface coils, indicates, in a limited experience, the advantages and disadvantages which this new approach is expected to afford.

Solenoid actuated well safety valve

Abstract: A subsurface solenoid operated well safety valve which is locked in the open position, after being opened by the solenoid, for preventing the valve from closing by various forces overcoming the solenoid. A valve closure member in the bore of a housing moves between open and closed positions and is controlled by a tubular member which is biased in a direction to close the valve. An armature is movable in the housing and a solenoid coil is energized to move the armature. A first releasable lock connects the armature to the tubular member for allowing the movement of the solenoid to open the valve. The first lock is released when the valve is opened. A second releasable lock locks the tubular member to the housing in the open position prior to the release of the first lock means. The de-energization of the coil releases the armature and the second lock to allow the valve to close.

Hydraulic shock absorber (damper)

Abstract: In a single-tube shock absorber (20) or twin-tube shock absorber (30), the various chambers (4, 5; 24, 25, 26) are connected to one another by connections (8, 16; 28, 29), of which there are preferably eight, the passage through which is controlled by solenoid valves (9/11; 30/34; 31/35). Their magnets (11, 19; 34, 35) can be controlled individually or jointly by means of a closed-loop or open-loop control circuit to take account of specified driving conditions. It is possible to change the damping constants of the shock absorber in a fraction of a second.

Hydraulic solenoid valve structure

Abstract: A hydraulic solenoid valve having a self-contained spool positioning spring and washer solenoid tube assembly. The valve body is provided with a novel arrangement of ports providing for minimized pressure differential between the opposite ends of the valve chamber so as to facilitate positioning of the spool and permit utilization of a light biasing spring and high force solenoids. The port configuration permits minimizing the overall height of the valve body while yet providing for a relatively large cross section tank port, providing the desirable low pressure differential between the opposite ends of the valve chamber. The biasing assemblies further provide for reduced effect of the pressure differential on the spool valve end shafts, thereby further facilitating repositioning of the spool in the neutral position by the biasing springs. Any one of a plurality of different strength springs may be utilized in the biasing assembly, wherein the springs are removably retained by a removable lock ring cooperating with the washer which serves as a spring retainer at one end of the spring.

A.C. power control for D.C. solenoid actuators

Abstract: An A.C. power control circuit for a D.C. solenoid actuator which may be used for a solenoid operated valve uses a triac circuit to initially apply A.C. line voltage to energize the solenoid coil of the valve to be actuated to provide valve pull-in power. A capacitor in an RC network is concurrently charged to a D.C. level, and the D.C. voltage on the capacitor is used to control the gate of the triac. After a predetermined delay as determined by the RC network charging time of the capacitor, the triac is phase controlled to produce a change in the current applied to the solenoid coil. In one embodiment, the voltage applied to the solenoid coil changes at this time from the full sine wave voltage of the A.C. source to a voltage pulse which is only a portion of the positive half of the input sine wave. This voltage produces a change in the power applied to the solenoid coil to a hold-in power level. This circuit produces a current pulse phase control of up to 90°. In a second embodiment, a phase control of up to 180° can be achieved by using a full wave bridge circuit for rectifying the A.C. to supply D.C. power to a timing circuit operating in the base circuit of a transistor controlling the energization of a photo-triac. The output of the photo-triac is, in turn, used to control the "on" time of the power triac supplying the current to the solenoid coil.

Lock actuator assembly and card reader

Abstract: An actuator assembly is mounted in a housing and is actuatable by a solenoid carried in the housing. The housing also includes, integral therewith, a card reading arrangement.

Low voltage circuit breaker with remote switching function

Abstract: A low voltage circuit breaker with remote switching function characterized by an insulating housing containing manually actuator for opening and closing separable contacts and a remotely controlled solenoid for opening the contacts, and the solenoid means being spring biased in the closed contact position only when the manually actuator is in the closed contact position.

Valve block test apparatus

Abstract: A test apparatus for measuring activation and deactivation times of solenoid-operated pilot and air-operated cartridge valves in a valve block assembly for an air-operated IS glassware-forming machine. The test apparatus includes pressure transducers for selective individual connection to the outputs of the solenoid and cartridge valves of a valve block assembly, and an array of electrical switches for selectively energizing the solenoid of a solenoid valve to be tested. A first pair of counters measure activation and de-activation times of the solenoid valve under test, and a second pair of counters measure activation and de-activation times of a solenoid/cartridge valve combination under test. The measured times are displayed in milliseconds at associated numeric displays. A flow meter is connected to the exhaust port of a cartridge valve under test for measuring leakage of air past the seals and seats of the cartridge valve.

Fluid pressure regulating valve having adjustable two-stage and natural-LP gas changeover capabilities

Abstract: A fluid pressure regulating valve having a two-stage high and low flow rate control capability combined with a natural-LP gas control pressure changeover uses a spring biased pressure regulating diaphragm controlling a fluid through an orifice defined by a valve seat. A solenoid valve armature is attached to a spring providing the spring bias for the diaphragm and is arranged to be actuated by a selectively energizable solenoid coil. An extension of the armature is captured by a step regulator assembly which is threaded into a valve body containing the regulating diaphragm. The high fire and low fire adjustments in the step regulator assembly are on non-moving threaded members attached to the regulator assembly and bearing on the extension of the armature to vary the energized and deenergized position of the solenoid armature. A positive temperature coefficient material heated by an energizing current for the solenoid operating the valve is located in an energizing circuit of the solenoid coil to provide a change in the energization of the solenoid coil after a threshold temperature of the material is reached. The natural-LP gas pressure changeover utilizes a cam encircling the extension of the armature and a stop means resting on the cam while supporting the end of the armature extension. A screw driver slot is provided for varying the position of the stop member on the cam surface to provide stable natural and LP gas operating positions.

Air-fuel ratio controller for internal-combustion engine

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prevent the formation of the air-fuel ratio in overrich state by supplying the secondary intake air according to the result of judgement for the air- fuel ratio on the basis of the concentration of exhaust components when an engine is in a prescribed operation state, and operating an auxiliary fuel feeding means. CONSTITUTION:An air control valve 24 and a solenoid valve 25 are installed into the secondary intake air feeding passages 22 and 23 communicting to an intake manifold 14 on the downstream of the throttle valve 5 of a carburetor 3 and the vicinity of the air discharge port of an air cleaner 2. An auxiliary fuel control valve 13 is installed into an auxiliary fuel passage 12 formed so as to make detour around a main jet in a main uel passage 10 which opens to a venturi 6, and said valve 13 is controlled according to the pressure in a negative-pressure chamber 13a which can communicate to the atmosphere through a solenoid valve 19. The both solenoid valves 25 and 19 supply the secondary intake air according to the output of an O2 sensor 39, when the engine is in high-load operation, and control the both solenoid valves the supply of auxiliary fuel through driving circuits 36 and 35.

Magnetic angular position sensor

Abstract: A magnetic angular position sensor having a ferrofluid filled spherical chamber in a cylindrical housing, within which floats a body comprising a buoyant core carrying a magnet which aligns itself and the body with the earth's magnetic field, and carrying an odd number of small permanent magnets. Hall effect devices are located in recesses in the ends of the housing. The housing also carries a calibration solenoid.

Design of a High Yield Position Source

Abstract: The Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) requires a positron source with a yield large enough to give equal number of positrons and electrons at the interaction point. In addition, the colliding positrons must have an emittance and bunch length similar to the electron beam. This report describes the design of a high yield positron source to give these characteristics. Reference 1 contains more details of the systems of the SLC and positron source. The overall positron production system in relation to the SLC is shown in Fig. 1. A single bunch of electrons of 33 GeV is extracted from the Linac at the two-thirds point by means of a fast kicker magnet and a pair of septum magnets. The extracted electron beam is transported into the positron vault where it is focused to a spot size of + or -0.6 mm at the target. Spoiler foils are placed in the extracted beam path to increase the emittance so that the spot size cannot be made so small that target damage would occur. Positrons are collected in a focusing solenoid system using an iron shaped solenoidal field of 1 Tesla at the target and a pulsed solenoidal field from a flux concentratormore » with a peak field of 5 Tesla. The positron beam emerging from the focusing solenoid system is accelerated to 200 MeV in a 1.5 meter high-gradient-accelerator of 50 MeV/meter and three 3.05 m standard accelerator sections. The positrons are contained in the accelerator aperture using a 0.5 Tesla solenoidal field in the beginning and quadrupole focusing in the final two standard accelerator sections. The positrons are then transported back to the beginning of the Linac for further acceleration to 1.2 GeV, whereupon they are sent to the positron damping ring. Later they are removed from the damping ring, accelerated to the end of the Linac, and transported around the e/sup +/ arc to the interaction point.« less

Clutch automation device

Abstract: A device for automizing a vehicle clutch having at least one single-action hydraulic jack includes two solenoid valves or an equivalent assembly, two pulse sensors for respectively detecting the speed of the wheels and the engine speed of the vehicle, an actuating contact and an electronic cirucit connected to the solenoid valves, the sensor and the contact. The electronic circuit controls declutching and clutching to provide gradual controlled engaging of the clutch according to data relating to the engine speed and vehicle acceleration.