Showing papers on "Spark (mathematics) published in 1969"
TL;DR: In this article, major developments in the understanding of the physics and chemistry of the atmospheric pressure spark discharge are presented and commented upon, including work in the areas of equipment, initial gap breakdown, spark channel formation, electrode sampling phenomena, sample propagation phenomena, excited state production, related plasma physics, and counter electrode phenomena.
Abstract: Major developments in the understanding of the physics and chemistry of the atmospheric pressure spark discharge are presented and commented upon. These include work in the areas of equipment, initial gap breakdown, spark channel formation, electrode sampling phenomena, sample propagation phenomena, excited state production, related plasma physics, and counter electrode phenomena.
56 citations
Journal Article•
28 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a data acquisition system based on the use of a sonic spark counter at the focal position of a magnetic spectrograph is described, where the output of the spark counter is fed into a computer which processes the events on-line, presents a cathode ray display for continuous monitoring during experiments, controls the recording of the reduced data on magnetic tape, and, by use of an incremental recorder, on paper, in graphical form.
26 citations
TL;DR: Triggered spark source for multiply charged carbon ions applied to collision cross section measurements as mentioned in this paper, which is used for collision cross-section measurements in collision detection and collision crosssection measurements.
Abstract: Triggered spark source for multiply charged carbon ions applied to collision cross section measurements
16 citations
16 citations
Patent•
08 Jul 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, an inter-combustion engine with a cyclinder, a spark plug and a fuel injector is shown to have two orifices, one directed NEAR the SPARK Plug and the other further from the SPark Plug.
Abstract: AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE HAS A CYLINDER, SPARK PLUG AND FUEL INJECTOR APPARATUS WHICH DIRECTS FUEL NEAR TO THE SPARK PLUG AT LOW LOADS AND FURTHER FROM THE SPARK PLUG AT HIGH LOADS. IN ONE EMBODIMENT, TWO ORIFICES ARE PROVIDED, ONE DIRECTED NEAR THE SPARK PLUG AND THE OTHER FURTHER FROM THE SPARK PLUG, FUEL MIAY BE SUPPLIED TO EITHER OR BOTH. IN ANOTHER EMBODIMENT, THE INJECTOR APPARATUS INCLUDING A DIRIGIBLE INJECTOR IS PROVIDED.
15 citations
15 citations
Journal Article•
14 citations
Patent•
29 May 1969TL;DR: In this paper, a variable reluctance voltage generator is used for an internal combustion engine to generate a spark to ignite fuel in the engine by varying the rate of change of flux through selectively shaping the portion of the core which is adjacent to the path of the magnet.
Abstract: A spark advance mechanism for an internal combustion engine is included in a variable reluctance voltage generator comprised of a magnet embedded in a member rotating in synchronism with the engine which moves the magnet passed a sensor coil having a shaped core. When the voltage generated in the sensor coil by the rate of change of flux from the magnet rises to a given threshold amplitude it triggers an ignition circuit thereby producing a spark to ignite fuel in the engine. Spark advance is accomplished by varying the rate of change of flux through selectively shaping the portion of the core which is adjacent to the path of the magnet.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the first results of a holographic investigation of a laser spark with radiation containing both the fundamental laser wavelength and its second harmonic were described, and the results were used for the first time.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors constructed and used Spark chambers with crossed wire-planes and ferrite core memories for electron-nucleon-scattering experiment at DESY, and measured their spatial resolution for a wire spacing of 1 mm is ± 0.20 mm and ± 0.28 mm fwhm at the grounded and the high voltage electrode respectively.
Patent•
03 Apr 1969TL;DR: An ignition system providing a continuous source of spark ignition pulses for igniting a fuel-air mixture is defined in this article, which includes solid state circuit means for providing a substantially constant spark repetition rate and constant spark energy over a wide range of input voltages.
Abstract: An ignition system providing a continuous source of spark ignition pulses for igniting a fuel-air mixture. The ignition system includes solid state circuit means for providing a substantially constant spark repetition rate and constant spark energy over a wide range of input voltages.
Patent•
01 Apr 1969TL;DR: In this article, the operation of the basic multiplate spark chamber is described, and the evolution of the wide-gap spark chamber and the streamer chamber discussed, as well as the recording systems that have been used in conjunction with narrow-gap chambers.
Abstract: In this review the operation of the basic multiplate spark chamber is described, and the evolution of the wide-gap spark chamber and the streamer chamber discussed. Some attention is paid to the spark mechanism in noble gases and also to the recording systems that have been used in conjunction with narrow-gap chambers.
Patent•
30 Jun 1969TL;DR: A spark-type seismic sound source for use in water-covered areas was proposed in this article, where electrical power is discharged through a plurality of electrodes without the use of a ground plate.
Abstract: A spark-type seismic sound source for use in water-covered areas wherein electrical power is discharged through a plurality of electrodes without the use of a ground plate.
Journal Article•
CERN1
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a theoritical investigation into the phenomenon of electrical breakdown along particle trajectories in a wide gap spark chamber and show that the development of the inclined spark can be explained on the basis of known values of the primary ionization coefficient, electron drift velocity and diffusion coefficient.
TL;DR: In this paper, a system for using a medium scale computer in real time data acquisition, analysis, and control of high energy physics experiments utilizing wire spark chambers is described for real-time data acquisition and analysis.
Abstract: A system is described for using a medium scale computer in real time data acquisition, analysis, and control of high-energy physics experiments utilizing wire spark chambers.
Patent•
15 Oct 1969
TL;DR: In this article, an ignition system for internal combustion engines utilizing a capacitive discharge to supply energy to the spark plugs is described, charging and discharging of the capacitor is controlled by a circuit utilizing a silicon controlled rectifier which operates in response to the contact breaker for turning on and in response positive back-biasing for turning off.
Abstract: An ignition system for internal combustion engines utilizing a capacitive discharge to supply energy to the spark plugs. Charging and discharging of the capacitor is controlled by a circuit utilizing a silicon controlled rectifier which operates in response to the contact breaker for turning on and in response to positive back-biasing for turning off. The system automatically adjusts spark characteristics to accommodate changes in engine environment and running conditions.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the effects of gender stereotypes on gender stereotypes in the context of gender diversity in the media and show that gender stereotypes can affect the perception of gender.
Abstract: 高周波スパーク型イオン源を備えた二重収束質量分析器による分析の定量精度および正確さの向上を目的として,イオン加速電圧,スパーク電圧,パルスくりかえし周波数およびパルス幅などの測定条件がイオン強度に与える影響について,低合金鋼,耐熱合金,銅合金,アルミニウム合金および亜鉛合金の市販標準試料を用いて検討した.その結果,測定条件の影響は試料物質および元素によって異なり,精度のよい,より正確な分析を行なうには,測定条件を一定に保ち,分析試料と同じ組成の標準試料を用いて,両者を同一条件で測定して感度補正を行なう必要があることがわかった.また,スパーク電圧およびパルスくりかえし周波数によるイオン強度の変化は,主元素と各成分元素の昇華熱に関係あることがわかった.
TL;DR: In this paper, a summary of some missing mass techniques for triggering spark chambers or recording data with counters in high energy physics experiments is presented, and new methods for use with systems including magnets are shown.
TL;DR: In this paper, a spark chamber is described where the sound wave exited by the spark in the metal electrodes is detected and can be used for calculation of the spark position, which can be given any desired form and its operation is not influenced by magnetic fields.
TL;DR: The survey analysis capabilities of spark source mass spectrography have proved to be very important in the determination of very low concentrations of elements in nonconductors and semiconductors.
Abstract: The survey analysis capabilities of spark source mass spectrography have proved to be very important in the determination of very low concentrations of elements in nonconductors and semiconductors. Some of the methods devised for the special handling and sparking of the poor conductors have been reviewed by Guthrie1. In general, attempts to initiate and sustain a radio frequency spark between nonconductor self-electrodes require inconviently high spark voltages and considerable operator time and attention. Moreover, the low ion yields often characteristic of the nonconductor self-electrode spark compel exposure times commonly in excess of one hour for exposure levels requisite for the detection of impurities at 1 part-per-million concentrations.