Showing papers on "State-Trait Anxiety Inventory published in 2000"
TL;DR: Infertile women showed significant increases intrait anxiety and depressive symptoms than the fertile women, and demographic factors such as religion and husband cooperation were not related to the experience of stress.
Abstract: Purpose: The objectives of this study were to compare average stress levels in infertile women to fertile women, to determine the stress levels whether the patients was pregnant or not pregnant, and to examine for a cross-section of infertile patients in different stages of medical investigation for the infertility. Methods: One hundred thirty-eight women receiving medical treatment for infertility attended the program. The State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) ofperceived stress associated with the infertility was the outcome measure. Results: Infertile women showed significant increases in trait anxiety and depressive symptoms than the fertile women. Anxiety and depression in the in vitro fertilization (IVF)-failed women were significantly higher than the IVF-success women. According to the duration of infertility, STAI and BDI were moderately elevated in the first stage (< 3 year). There was a trend of a decreasing psychological stress with an advanced infertility duration. On depression scales, the intermediate and final duration of infertility patients showed less symptomatology than the first-stage patients. Contrary to the expectation, demographic factors such as religion and husband cooperation were not related to the experience of stress. Conclusions: We must pay an attention to the infertile patient, especially from the initial infertility workup. We recommend psychological counselling for IVF-failed patients.
140 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of variance revealed each treatment condition to be equally effective in producing significant changes in anxiety and perceived relaxation from the pre to posttest period, and mean score differences revealed decreases for all conditions with M + PMR eliciting the greatest amount of change.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of music assisted progressive muscle relaxation (M + PMR), progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), music listening, and silence/suggestion on measures of anxiety and perceived relaxation. The study also examined participant responses to a posttreatment questionnaire to identify relationships between musical and nonmusical elements in relaxation techniques. Sixty university students participated in the study. Fifteen participants were randomly assigned to each treatment condition. Subjects were tested individually using the same relaxation script for M + PMR and PMR conditions. One-way analyses of covariance were computed to compare pre and posttest differences among groups. Results of the ANCOVA revealed no differences among groups for the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) or the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Analysis of variance, however, revealed each treatment condition to be equally effective in producing significant changes in anxiety and perceived relaxation from the pre to posttest period. Additionally, mean score differences revealed decreases for all conditions with M + PMR eliciting the greatest amount of change. A content analysis of posttreatment questionnaire items revealed detailed information about each participant's relaxation experience, state of mind, and use of self-generated relaxation techniques.
109 citations
TL;DR: The present study examines relationships between regional brain chemistry (as identified by localized in vivo three-dimensional single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and anxiety and found direct evidence that the OFC chemistry is associated with anxiety in healthy humans.
Abstract: The present study examines relationships between regional brain chemistry (as identified by localized in vivo three-dimensional single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and anxiety (as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) in 16 healthy subjects The relative concentrations of N-Acetyl aspartate, choline, glutamate, glutamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, inositol, glucose and lactate were measured relative to creatine within six 8-cm3 brain voxels localized to: thalamus, cingulate, insula, sensorimotor, dorsolateral prefrontal, and orbital frontal cortices (OFC) in the left hemisphere Analysis of variance, across brain regions, chemicals, and high and low anxiety groups, showed a relationship between anxiety and chemical composition of OFC, with high anxiety subjects demonstrating 32% increase in overall chemical concentrations within OFC, as compared to the lower anxiety group (F = 608, P < 10−7) Other brain regions, including cingulate, showed no detectable anxiety dependence The combination of the state and trait anxiety was highly correlated with the concentration of OFC chemicals (r2 = 098), and N-Acetyl aspartate in OFC was identified as the strongest chemical marker for anxiety (changed by 432% between the two anxiety groups, F = 215, P = 0000005) The results provide direct evidence that the OFC chemistry is associated with anxiety in healthy humans The method can be used as a neuroimaging/behavioral tool for documentation of OFC chemistry changes in relation to anxiety per se and anxiety disorders The presented relationship between regional brain chemistry and anxiety reflects the functional/behavioral state of the brain, pointing to possible mechanisms of the neurobiology of anxiety
82 citations
TL;DR: C cautious use and interpretation of one particular item (Trait Item 14 = "I try to avoid facing a crisis or difficulty"), and cautious application of the STAI to Filipino adolescents (particularly Filipino males).
Abstract: Anxiety disorders are said to be universal across all cultures and recent reviews have found relatively high prevalence rates across different countries. However, the experience and interpretation of anxiety are strongly influenced by cultural factors. Demonstrating crosscultural equivalence of measures of anxiety is essential to assure that comparisons between cultures will result in meaningful interpretations. Despite the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory being the most researched of anxiety measures from a cross-cultural basis, there is a lack of empirical studies on the psychometric properties of the STAI with adolescent Asian/Pacific Islanders. The present study examined the STAI using a large sample of ethnically diverse high school students in Hawaii. In general, a four-factor model (State-Anxiety Absent, State-Anxiety Present, Trait-Anxiety Absent, and Trait-Anxiety Present) provided the best fit based on a series of confirmatory factor analyses. Indicators of internal consistency supported the reliab...
72 citations
TL;DR: In this article, three questionnaires with multiple choice questions were applied in groups of 10 children to test fear, anxiety and control related to dental treatment, and the results indicated that younger children reported higher percentages than older ones.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to test fear, anxiety and control related to dental treatment. The subjects were 364 children with ages between 7 and 13 years. Three questionnaires with multiple choice questions were applied in groups of 10 children. The first instrument was the 15-item dental subscale from the Childrens Fear Survey Schedule9. The subjects rated their level of fear on a 5-point scale. The second survey instrument was the 20-item subscale from the State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children16. This measure was used to capture how anxious the child was, in general. The third instrument was the Child Dental Control Assessment19. It contained 20 items to assess perceived control and 20 items to assess desired control. The results of the survey indicated that dental fear and anxiety were slightly higher for females when compared with male subjects (P < 0.05). Older children (11 to 13 years old) obtained higher fear scores than younger ones (7 to 9 years old). Concerning perceived control, the results indicate that younger children perceive more control than older ones. For desired control, the results indicate that younger children reported higher percentages than older ones. In this study, patients who had undergone anesthesia during treatment revealed higher fear scores when compared with those who had not. Dental fear etiology seems to be related to a procedure that may involve pain or lack of control.
53 citations
TL;DR: The findings suggested that apparent ethnic differences in anxiety levels may be due to causal variables related to other sociodemographic variables.
Abstract: This study examined the association between anxiety and 5 predictor variables: ethnicity (Caucasian, Native Hawaiian/part Hawaiian, Japanese, other), gender, grade level (9-12th), main wage earners' educational level, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; C D Spielberger, R L Gorsuch, & R E Lushene, 1970) factors for a diverse group of students Hawaiian students were found to have significantly higher levels of anxiety than Japanese students; however, ethnicity was not a significant predictor when gender, grade level, and main wage earners' education were statistically held constant An interaction between ethnicity and STAI factor scores indicated an atypical pattern for Caucasians Female students scored significantly higher than male students, and main wage earners' education predicted amount of anxiety In general, these 2 associations remained significant when ethnicity and grade level were held constant An interaction between gender and STAI factor scores indicated that the difference between female and male students was relatively larger for positively (as opposed to negatively) worded State items and for negatively (as opposed to positively) worded Trait items Overall, the findings suggested that apparent ethnic differences in anxiety levels may be due to causal variables related to other sociodemographic variables Factor scores in the form of positively versus negatively worded items should be considered an important variable; using only a global STAI composite as a measure of anxiety will mask the differential effects of the STAI factor scores Further research is needed to determine the generalizability of these findings to other groups and to provide knowledge on direct causal variables that may account for a greater percentage of variance
43 citations
TL;DR: Findings suggest that individual assessment of support person needs may allow more focused counseling of support persons during predictive genetic HD testing and collaboration with health care providers may facilitate symptom management following testing.
Abstract: Although a support person is required by many centers during the predictive testing protocol for Huntington disease (HD), little is known about the psychosocial impact of predictive testing on persons serving in this role. Eighteen adults who were support persons during predictive HD testing in one HD testing center completed a semi-structured interview to describe their experiences. Participants also completed the Impact of Events Scale (IES) to assess perceptions of emotional distress regarding predictive testing and the State Anxiety Scale of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to assess anxiety regarding the interview. State anxiety scores were similar to normative values for working adults. Although support persons for individuals with a positive gene test scored higher on all measures of the IES than those who were support persons for persons with negative gene mutation results, these differences were not statistically significant. Support persons identified aspects of the protocol that did not fit their needs, perceived the testing process as extending into subsequent caregiving responsibilities when the test was positive, and were uninformed regarding specific caregiving issues for family members with the gene mutation. The impact of the testing experience appeared to be most intense for those support persons who were at-risk offspring of probands. Findings suggest that individual assessment of support person needs may allow more focused counseling of support persons during predictive genetic HD testing. Collaboration with health care providers may facilitate symptom management following testing. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 96:353–359, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
43 citations
TL;DR: Previous factor studies of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) have reported certain typical factors that are state-trait (S-T) 2-factor solutions and positively-negatively (P-N) worded item 2- Factor solutions in addition to 4-Factor solutions (positively and negatively worded state factors, positively and positively worded trait factors).
Abstract: Previous factor studies of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene, 1970) have reported certain typical factors that are state-trait (S-T) 2-factor solutions and positively-negatively (P-N) worded item 2-factor solutions in addition to 4-factor solutions (positively and negatively worded state factors, positively and negatively worded trait factors). We explored the possibility that these factor structures are included in a factor space. Responses to the Japanese version of the STAI in a sample of 848 male workers were factor analyzed. The first-order factors obtained from principal-component analysis were almost equal to the previous 4 factors, except for a minor factor, and their second-order factors were the P-N factors. However, the S-T factors were also obtained from the same first-order factors by the oblique Procrustes rotation. Moreover, coexistence of these two 2-factor structures was determined in the same factor space by the orthogonal Procrustes rotation.
41 citations
TL;DR: Both instruments seem to be promising anxiety/fear measures for Thai school age children; however, the Thai version of STAIC needs modification to enhance reliability and validity.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Thai versions of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) and the Child Medical Fear Scale (CMFS) in Thai school age children Subjects were 419 Thai students in grades 3-6 in three schools in Bangkok Classrooms of students were randomly selected, and students within each classroom were divided into two groups to test the two instruments Data were collected from students in the classrooms twice, 2 weeks apart Content Validity Indices of the Thai STAIC and the CMFS were between 90-95% Internal consistencies were > 80 Test-retest reliability coefficient for the Thai CMFS was 80, and coefficients for the STAIC were 62 for A-State scale and 68 for A-Trait scale Both instruments seem to be promising anxiety/fear measures for Thai school age children; however, the Thai version of STAIC needs modification to enhance reliability and validity
37 citations
TL;DR: The internal consistencies for both the state and trait anxiety subscales of the STAI-JY were at a satisfactory level, whereas slightly higher Cronbach's as were obtained from separate calculation for anxiety-present and anxiety-absent items.
Abstract: The factor structure and internal consistency of the Japanese adaptation of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y (STAI-JY) were examined for 218 Japanese clinical outpatients (86 males, 132 females) with psychiatric and/or psychosomatic complaints. An initial principal-component analysis revealed that the first three components were considered to reflect the "overall anxiety" component, the "presence-absence of anxiety (positive-negative)" component, and the "state-trait anxiety" component. The component related to presence or absence of anxiety was larger than the state-trait anxiety component. Factors followed by an oblique (promax) rotation were labeled "Anxiety-absent" and "Anxiety-present" factors for a two-factor structure, and "Anxiety-present," "Anxiety-absent/state," and "Anxiety-absent/trait" factors for a three-factor structure that was suggested by the scree test. The internal consistencies for both the state and trait anxiety subscales of the STAI-JY were at a satisfactory level, whereas slightly higher Cronbach's as were obtained from separate calculation for anxiety-present and anxiety-absent items. Similarities and differences in the factor structure of the STAI-JY were discussed in comparison with those reported earlier for the general population in Japan and for individuals in Western countries.
28 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that the state‐trait anxiety has sex‐ and age‐differential patterns on OFC chemistry in healthy humans, providing new information about the neurobiological roots of anxiety.
Abstract: We recently presented results in an in vivo study of human brain chemistry in ‘physiologic’ anxiety, i.e., the anxiety of normal everyday life. Normal subjects with high anxiety demonstrated increased concentration of chemicals in orbital frontal cortex (OFC) as compared to lower anxiety. In a separate study of aging we demonstrated a decrease of total chemical concentration in OFC of middle-aged subjects, as compared with younger age. This brain region also showed gender dependence; men demonstrating decreased chemical concentration compared to women. We hypothesized that these sex- and age-dependent differences in OFC chemistry changes are a result of anxiety effects on this brain region. In the present study we examined these sex- and age-differential regional brain chemistry changes (as identified by localized in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy [1H-MRS]) in relation to the state-trait-anxiety (as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) in 35 healthy subjects. The concentrations for all nine chemicals of 1H-MRS spectra were measured relative to creatine across multiple brain regions, including OFC in the left hemisphere. Analysis of variance showed anxiety-specific effects on chemical concentration changes in OFC, which were different for both sexes and age groups. Male subjects showed larger effect of anxiety on OFC chemistry as compared to females when the same sex high-anxiety subjects were compared to lower anxiety. Similarly, middle-aged subjects showed larger effect of anxiety on OFC chemistry as compared to younger age when the same age subjects with high anxiety were compared to lower anxiety. Largest effect of anxiety on OFC chemistry was due to changes of N-Acetyl aspartate. The results indicate that the state-trait anxiety has sex- and age-differential patterns on OFC chemistry in healthy humans, providing new information about the neurobiological roots of anxiety. Hum. Brain Mapping 11:261–272, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The measurement of anxiety by the STAI (State Trait Anxiety Inventory), a scale worked out by SPIELBERGER, enabled it to prove that these relational tools, used by the nurses, made it possible for the patients to better mobilize their adjustment or coping strategies.
Abstract: In their daily practice, the nurses note the patients' anxiety when they are in hospital for diagnosis exams. Considering this observation, we wanted to assess the potential benefits provided by the behavioural and relational techniques, such as sophrology, maintenance of the help relation, visualization-relaxation. In order to carry out this survey, we adopted the model of Betty NEUMAN, who relies on the concept of homeostasis and on the stress theory of Hans Seyle. The measurement of anxiety by the STAI (State Trait Anxiety Inventory), a scale worked out by SPIELBERGER, enabled us to prove that these relational tools, used by the nurses, made it possible for the patients to better mobilize their adjustment or coping strategies. Recommendations concerning the management of anxiety were set out as not to trigger an attitude of vigilant coping.
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate learner anxiety, a construct that has been shown to be highly correlated with achievement, and show that introducing computing technology into a statistics class can have a gender-specific, negative effect on achievement.
Abstract: RESEARCH has shown that introducing computing technology into a statistics class can have a gender-specific, negative effect on achievement. In order to better understand this phenomenon, the purpose of this study was to investigate one construct, learner anxiety, that has been shown to be highly correlated with achievement. During the study, a control group of graduate level education majors (n=44) used hand-held calculators for computation during the statistical portion of an educational research course, whereas an experimental group (n=43) used statistical software. Results from the State Trait Anxiety Inventory showed no statistically significant differences in anxiety by treatment group. However, a significant treatment group by gender interaction did exist. When compared to the control group, females using the software showed significantly higher levels of anxiety, whereas males using the software demonstrated significantly lower levels of anxiety.
TL;DR: Patients preparing to undergo endoscopy who were exposed to relaxing music experienced lowered state anxiety levels and respiration rates, and exposure to music also resulted in high levels of patient satisfaction.
TL;DR: Investigating whether different anxiety levels affect the color information processing for each of 3 wavelengths by using flash visual evoked potentials (FVEPs) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory suggests that negative emotional conditions may affect color sense processing in humans.
Abstract: It has been reported that negative emotional changes and conditions affect the visual faculties of humans at the neural level. On the other hand, the effects of emotion on color perception in particular, which are based on evoked potentials, are unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether different anxiety levels affect the color information processing for each of 3 wavelengths by using flash visual evoked potentials (FVEPs) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. In results, significant positive correlations were observed between FVEP amplitudes and state or trait anxiety scores in the long (sensed as red) and middle (sensed as green) wavelengths. On the other hand, short-wavelength-evoked FVEPs were not correlated with anxiety level. Our results suggest that negative emotional conditions may affect color sense processing in humans.