Showing papers on "Swertia published in 2013"

Xanthone glycoside constituents of Swertia kouitchensis with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Abstract: Ten new xanthone glycosides, kouitchensides A–J (1–10), and 11 known analogues were isolated from an n-butanol fraction of Swertia kouitchensis. The structures of these glycosides were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data interpretation and comparison with data reported in the literature. In an in vitro test, compounds 2, 4, 5, 6, 11, 12, and 13 (IC50 values in the range 126 to 451 μM) displayed more potent inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase activity than the positive control, acarbose (IC50 value of 627 μM).

Investigation of some biologic activities of Swertia longifolia Boiss

Abstract: Swertia species are widespread in Eastern and Southern Asian countries and used in traditional medicine as anti-pyretic, analgesic, gastro and liver tonic. Among different species, only Swertia longifolia grows in Iran. In this investigation, antioxidant, cytotoxic and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of S. longifolia have been studied. Aerial parts and roots of the plant were collected, dried and extracted with methanol 80% (total extract). Different extracts of the plant were obtained using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, methanol:water (1:1) and water, respectively. Cytotoxic activity was determined by MTT assay on MDBK, HepG2, MCF7, HT29 and A549 cell lines. Antioxidant activity was measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (AChEI) effect was evaluated based on Ellman’s method in 96-well microplates.The results showed no cytotoxicity of the plant extracts on MDBK, HepG2, MCF7, HT29 and A549 cell lines up to 100 µg/ml. All samples showed radical scavenging activity but methanol extract of aerial parts and ethyl acetate extract of the roots showed the highest effects.Total extract of the roots showed higher AChEI activity than the aerial parts. Among different extracts, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of the roots and chloroform and methanol:water extracts of the aerial parts were more potent in AChEI assay. It is concluded that aerial parts and roots of the plant are rich in antioxidant agents with no cytotoxicity on selected cell lines up to 100 µg/ml. Moreover, since antioxidant and AChEI activity of compounds play an important role in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disorder, this plant might be a potential candidate for isolation of antioxidant and AChEI compounds which could be used as supportive treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

Determination of swertiamarin and amarogentin content and evaluation of antibacterial activity in Eastern Himalayan species of Swertia L.

Abstract: Introduction: The genus Swertia is known to contain many bioactive compounds having pharmacological activities. Biochemical fingerprinting can be useful in screening elite populations within and between Swertia species. The present work reports the estimation of two important bioactive compounds: swertiamarin and amarogentin and the evaluation of antibacterial activities in different species of Swertia collected from Eastern Himalayan regions of India. Methods: Chromatography was performed using a CAMAG HPTLC system for estimation of swertiamarin and amarogentin in S. chirayita, S. bimaculata, S. dilatata, S. nervosa and S. paniculata, collected from different regions of Eastern Himalayas. Separation was carried out on thin-layer chromatography aluminium plates pre-coated with silica gel 60 F254, eluted with ethyl acetate-methanol-water (77:15:8 v/v/v). Antibacterial activity against selected human clinical pathogens was tested by the disc diffusion method. Results: This investigation reports for the first time, the presence of swertiamarin in S. dilatata which is conventionally considered as an adulterant species in the chirata trade. The high quantity of swertiamarin detected in S. bimaculata leaves (5.80%) of Mungpoo population suggests that this so called inferior species can be a potential and promising source of swertiamarin in herbal and pharmaceutical industries. Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed in swertiamarin and amarogentin and in the plant extracts. Conclusions: Synthesis of swertiamarin in reproductive shoots of S. bimaculata, S. nervosa, S. dilatata and S. paniculata may provide a new source of biomass for future use. Activity against selected bacteria tested revealed promising antibacterial potential of the extracts of Swertia.

Two New Chiratane-Type Triterpenoids from Swertia kouitchensis

Abstract: Two rare new chiratane-type triterpenoids, kouitchenoids A and B (1, 2), together with oleanolic acid (3) and ursolic acid (4), were isolated from ethanol extract of Swertia kouitchensis. The new structures were determined by the analysis of MS and NMR data. In addition, compounds 1–4 showed moderate inhibitory activity against the α-glucosidase (with IC50 values ranging from 1,812 to 2,027 μM).

Application of microscopy for discrimination of eight Swertia species utilized in the traditional Chinese medicine “Qingyedan”

Abstract: Many Swertia species are utilized as a traditional medicine under the name Qingyedan in China, but are easily confused with one another. To distinguish eight Swertia species (S. mileensis, S. cincta, S. patens, S. punicea, S. delavayi, S. nervosa, S. macrosperma, and S. yunnanensis) and to ensure their safety and efficacy, the microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of the roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of them were examined. The results showed that microscopic and macroscopic features helpful for authentication of the eight species were the sinuosity of the anticlinal walls of epidermal cells and presence or absence of hairs on the leaf lamina; presence or absence of V-shaped fibers and fibers with sinuous abaxial wall in the sepals; shape of epidermal cells and pattern of papillae on hairs on the margin of corolla nectary; distribution of stomata in leaf and sepal epidermises, stone cells in cortex and phloem of roots and in cortex and pith of stems, crystals in parenchymatous cells of mesophyll and stem, stomata size, stem diameter, and 4- or 5-merous flowers, and so on. Two keys to the eight Swertia species based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics are presented. The study indicates that microscopy and related techniques are convenient, practicable, and can be unambiguously applied for authentication of Swertia species. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:296310, 2013. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Simultaneous determination of five constituents in eight Qingyedan species derived from Swertia plants by HPLC

Abstract: Objective To develop an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, sweroside, mangiferin, erythrocentaurin, and to detect these five constituents in eight Qingyedans derived from Swertia mileensis, S. cincta, S. patens, S. punicea, S. delavayi, S. nervosa, S. macrosperma and S. yunnanensis. Method The separation was carried out on a Thermo BDS Hypersil C18 (4. 6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column eluted with mobile phase of water containing 0. 1% phosphoric acid and methanol (B) in gradient program (0-10 min, 18%-20% B; 10-30 min, 20%-35% B; 30-35 min, 35%-60% B). The column temperature was 32 degrees C , and the detection wavelength was set at 250, 260, 225 nm. The flow rate was 0. 7 mL . min-1 from 0 to 30 min, and be increased to 1. 0 mL . min-1 in 35 min. Result The five compounds were well separated. The linear response ranges of swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, sweroside, mangiferin, erythrocentaurin were 0. 072-13. 39, 0. 1204. 518, 0. 060-5. 050, 0. 025-1. 518, and 0. 031-0. 210 microg, respectively. The mean recoveries of five compounds were 97.03% -102. 7% (RSD 1. 8% -6.2% ). There are swertiamarin, gentiopicroside and sweroside in most samples, and mangiferin in half samples. But erythrocentaurin was only detected in a few samples. The contents of five compounds were different in different samples. The contents of swertiamarin in S. mileensis, S. patens, S. yunnanensis and S. delavayi are up to 34. 47-118.05 mg . g-1, the contents of gentiopicroside are up to 25. 91 mg . g-1 in S. cincta. In S. puncea all contents of swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, sweroside and mangiferin are higher, especially the content of sweroside. There are Xiao-Qingyedans and Da-Qingyedans called in markets, and they can be identified by the contents of swertiamarin, gentiopicroside and sweroside. S. punicea can be identified by the content of sweroside, and the ratio gentiopicroside/total content can be used for identification of S. cincta from other seven Qingyedan species. Conclusion The method was certified to be accurate and reliable and can be used for identification and quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine Qingyedan derived from Swertia species.

Chemical constituents from Swertia mussotii

Abstract: Objective To study the chemical constituents of Swertia mussotiiMethods Various chromatographic methods were employed to isolate the compounds and their structures were established by spectroscopic analysisResults Nineteen compounds were isolated from 75% ethanol extract of Smussotii and identified as 1-hydroxyl-3,4,7,8-tetramethoxyxanthone(1),1,7dihydroxyl-3-methoxyxanthone(2),1,3,7-trihydroxyxanthone(3),1,3,7,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone(4),1,3,8-trihydroxyl-7methoxyxanthone(5),1,3-dihyfroxyl-7,8-dimethoxyxanthone(6),1,5,8-trihydroxyl-3,4-dimethoxyxanthone(7),1-hydroxyl-3,4,5,8-tetramethoxyxanthone(8),1-hydroxyl-3,5,8-trimethoxyxanthone(9),(S)-(+)-gentiolactone(10a),(R)-()-gentiolactone(10b),1,8-dihydroxyl-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone(11),1-hydroxyl-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthone(12),1,7-dihydroxyl-3,8-dimethoxyxanthone(13),1,7,8-trihydroxyl-3-methoxyxanthone(14),1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone(15),1,7-dihydroxyl-3,4,8-trimethoxyxanthone(16),mangiferin(17),and oleanolic acid(18),respectivelyConclusion Compounds 1—9 are firstly isolated from SmussotiiCompounds 10a and 10b are firstly isolated from the plants in Swertia L

Quality Control of Traditional Tibetan Medicine Swertia mussotii

Abstract: Objective:To establish a method of quality control of Swertia mussotii.Method:TLC method was applied in the qualitative identification of S.mussotii.The content of swertiamarin,mangiferin,swertianolin and oleanolic acid were determined by HPLC equipped with Diamonsil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) column.The mobile phase of swertiamarin,mangiferin and swertianolin consisted of methanol-0.02% phosphoric acid,and detected at the wavelength of 254 nm.The mobile phase of oleanolic acid consisted of methanol-0.2% glacial acetic acid,and detected at the wavelength of 210 nm.The analysis was done at a flow rate of 1.0 mL · min-1.The column temperature was kept at 30 ℃.Result:The linearity of swertiamarin,mangiferin,swertianolin and oleanolic acid was in the range of 0.075-0.75 μg(r=0.999 9),0.05-0.5 μg(r=0.999 7),0.032-0.32 μg(r=0.999 3) and 0.116-11.6 μg(r=0.999 4),respectively.The average recoveries were 98.91%(RSD 0.77%) for swertiamain,99.61%(RSD 1.38%) for mangiferin,100.35%(RSD 0.69%) for swertianolin and 99.26%(RSD 0.40%) for oleanolic acid respectively.Conclusion:This method is simple,accurate with good reproducibility.It is suitable for quality control of S.mussotii.

Antimicrobial properties of different fractions of swertia

Abstract: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is becoming increasingly popular and experienced a high growth all over the world. A medicinal plant, Swertia chirata, has been widely use as herbal medicine in Asian countries and some parts of the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of Swertia chirata and to assess the cytotoxicity using brine shrimp lethality test. Plants were extracted using ethanol. Disc diffusion technique was used to determine antimicrobial activity. Crude extraction of the whole plant showed significant antimicrobial activities against some clinical bacterial isolates. Plant extracts at a concentration of 100 μg disc-1 were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and 30 μg disc-1 concentration of Chloramphenicol was used as a positive control. Zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella arizonae were 10 mm, 6 mm, 9 mm and 7 mm respectively. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the crude extract was determined by serial dilution technique which showed 128 µg/ml, 64 µg/ml, 128 µg/ml and 128 µg/ml respectively. Plant showed no significant cytotoxitcity with LC50 >5000 µg.The results obtained revealed inhibition against some gram positive and gram negative bacteria and low cytotoxicity value indicates its effective use as traditional medicine plant. Thus, Swertia chirata which possesses antimicrobial activity, with low cytotoxicity, will be of use in complementing a standard antimicrobial drug and will contribute to the current status of the public health where emergence of drug resistance is a major problem.

Production method of skin external agent suitable for amelioration of drabness

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide means of dealing with drabness itself by skin care.SOLUTION: A skin external agent contains 1) an extract of a plant body of the genus Swertia of Gentianaceae and 2) a YAC compound having the following characteristics and/or a salt thereof. YAC compound characteristics: (1) having λmax at 405 to 415 nm and at 660 to 670 nm; and (2) having a 1H-NMR spectrum shown in Figure 1, the chemical composition formula being CHOand the mass spectrum being 593(M+H). The extract of a plant body of the genus Swertia of Gentianaceae, as present at a concentration of 20 μg/mL when culturing a cell strain HepG2 from human hepatoma, increases the production amount of glutathione by 40% compared with the case of its absence.