Showing papers on "Tartrazine published in 1988"

Evaluation of azo food dyes for mutagenicity and inhibition of mutagenicity by methods using Salmonella typhimurium.

Abstract: The mutagenicity of 4 azo dyes (FDC (2) application of the standard plate assay to ether extracts of aqueous solutions of the dyes; (3) a variant of the standard assay, using hamster liver S9, preincubation, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and other modifications designed to facilitate azo reduction; and (4) reduction of the dyes with sodium dithionite, followed by ether extraction and the standard plate assay. Assays that include chemical reduction (methods 3 and 4) were included because azo compounds ingested orally are reduced in the intestine with the release of free aromatic amines. No mutagenic activity was seen for any of the azo dyes tested by using the standard Ames plate assay (method 1). Ether extracts of some samples of FD&C Yellow No. 6, FD&C Red No. 40 and amaranth were active (method 2), but only at high doses, generally 250 mg-equivalents or more per plate. These results indicate the presence of low levels of ether-extractable mutagenic impurities. The FMN preincubation assay (method 3) gave negative results for all dye samples tested. Most batches of FD&C Red No. 40 tested had mutagenic activity that was detectable when the ether extract of less than 1 mg of dithionite-reduced dye was plated in the presence of S9 (method 4). This finding implies that an impurity in these samples of FD&C Red No. 40 can be reduced to yield an ether-extractable mutagen. Dithionite-reduced samples of FD&C Yellow No. 6 and amaranth showed ether-extractable mutagenic activity only at much higher doses than those at which activity was seen with most dithionite-reduced samples of FD&C Red No. 40 (method 4). FD&C Yellow No. 5 showed no mutagenic activity with this method. Mutagenic activity was not detected when FD&C Red No. 40 was tested by using the azo reduction preincubation assay with FMN (method 3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Simultaneous Determination of Food Coal-Tar Dyes by Ion-Pair High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract: A method of isocratic high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using an ion-pair partition system was established for simultaneous determination of 11 food coal-tar dyes (FD: including Amaranth, R-2; Erythrosine, R-3; New Coccine, R-102; Phloxine, R-104; Rose Bengal, R-105; Acid Red, R-106; Tartrazine, Y-4; Sunset Yellow FCF, Y-5; Fast Green FCF, G-3; Brilliant Blue FCF, B-1 and Indigo Carmine, B-2).Conditions for HPLC analysis were as follows: column, Develosil ODS-5 (5μm, 4.6mm i. d. ×250mm); mobile phase, acetonitrile-0.05M sodium dihydrogen phosphate (3:2) containing 0.002M cetyltrimethylammonium chloride and 0.003M tetra-n-hexylammonium bromide, pH adjusted to 3.0 with phosphoric acid; column temperature, 50°C; flow rate, 1ml/min; detection wavelength, 254nm.Soft drinks were pretreated with polyamide column chromatography prior to HPLC analysis for FD. Recoveries of FD from soft drinks were over 89.0%. The detection limits were 0.05μg/g for R-106, B-2, Y-4 and Y-5, 0.10μg/g for B-1, R-2, R-3, R-102 and R-104, and 0.20μg/g for G-3 and R-105.This method is considered to be applicable for routine analysis of food coal-tar dyes.

Determinação quantitativa de corantes artificiais em alimentos

Abstract: Quantitative determination of synthetic food dyes have been studied in the following foods: candies, pudding powders, refreshment powders, gelatin dessert powders, yoghurts, ice-creams and currant syrups. A mixture of ethanol and ammonia was used to the extraction of dyes for their quantification in the majority of the foods. After extracted, dyes have been determinated by visible spectrophotometry. It was fixed a formula to calculate ammounts of dyes frorn the sum of absorbances in samples containing mixture of dyes (sunset yellow and tartrazine) with similar wave-length absorbance. Results have shown obedience to legislation.

[Intragastric provocation and antigen-induced in vitro histamine liberation by the food additive E 102].

Abstract: Adverse reactions to tartrazine have been known since 1958. The mechanism of this reaction, a not IgE-mediated, anaphylactoid reaction, is not fully understood. The demonstration of this adverse reaction by provocative challenge feeding may be problematic by a score of subjective symptoms because of the placebo effect. This report deals with the intragastral provocation under endoscopic control with tartrazine and tartrazine-induced histamine release in vitro from gastric mucosa and from blood. Two patients with anamnestically suspected adverse reactions to tartrazine were studied. Correspondence of in vivo and in vitro testing with tartrazine could be demonstrated.