Showing papers on "Thermal reservoir published in 1971"
TL;DR: In this article, necessary conditions for the optimal structure of a heat exchange system are discussed with the minimum heat transfer area employed as acriterion to express efficiency of the system. And an algorithm to synthesize heat exchange systems with auxiliary heating and cooling equipment is proposed.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors give precise conditions sufficient to guarantee that an infinite system will act as a thermal reservoir for any of its finite parts, and they show that these conditions are satisfied for the X • Y model.
Abstract: We give precise conditions sufficient to guarantee that an infinite system will act as a thermal reservoir for any of its finite parts. In particular we show that these conditions are satisfied for the X‐Y model. Further results on the ergodic behavior and general relaxation properties of the systems considered are also obtained directly from the C*‐algebraic methods used in the main body of the paper.
18 citations
Patent•
23 Apr 1971
TL;DR: In this article, a shock mounting and heat coupling system for X-ray spectrometers is described, which provides a shock free mounting and a heat conductive coupling between an assembly and a croystat.
Abstract: A shock mounting and heat coupling system providing shock free mounting and heat conductive coupling between an assembly such as an X-ray spectrometer and a heat reservoir such as a croystat. Heat coupling is provided by a plurality of strands of heat conducting material connected between the heat reservoir and the assembly to provide a flexible inelastic heat pathway. Structural mounting is provided by a flexible, highly damped, low heat conductive shock absorber connected between the assembly and a housing rigidly extending from the heat reservoir. An X-ray spectrometer using the mounting and coupling system is described.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a dynamical theory of an Ising ferromagnet coupled to a thermal reservoir is presented, and an irreversible equation of motion for the magnetization probability density P(m, t) is presented.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a solution for reservoir heating by steam injection fails to account for the growth of the hot liquid zone ahead of the steam zone and does not consider radial heat conduction both within and outside the reservoir and vertical conduction within the reservoir.
Abstract: The widely used Marx and Langeheim solution for reservoir heating by steam injection fails to account for the growth of the hot liquid zone ahead of the steam zone. Furthermore, that solution does not consider radial heat conduction both within and outside the reservoir and vertical conduction within the reservoir. A solution is provided which eliminates the restrictive assumptions of the old theory. The partial difference equations which describe the condensation within the steam zone and temperature distribution within the system have been solved by finite difference schemes. Results show that heat losses from the reservoir into the surrounding rocks are not greatly different from those predicted by Marx and Langeheim. However, the heat distribution is markedly different. A sizable portion of the reservoir heat was contained in the hot liquid zone which grows indefinitely.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the presence or absence of a high purity liquefied gas in the heat pipe is the basis for the switch being on or off, depending on whether the gas is available or not.
Abstract: A device, based on the heat pipe principle, is described in an application as a thermal switch at very low temperatures. The presence or absence of a high purity liquefied gas in the heat pipe is the basis for the switch being on or off.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that if there is no heat loss from the sides of the wire, half the energy dissipated in electrical leads will flow to the specimen, provided sufficient time is allowed to elapse after switching off the heater.
Abstract: The dissipation of energy in leads used in calorimetry using intermittent electrical heating is considered. The proportion of dissipated energy that reaches the specimen has been calculated in a number of cases. It is shown that, if there is no heat loss from the sides of the wire, half the energy dissipated in electrical leads will flow to the specimen, provided sufficient time is allowed to elapse after switching off the heater. For this to be true it is not necessary to assume that the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the leads are independent of temperature.
3 citations
01 Sep 1971
TL;DR: In this article, the Hamilton operator of the total system is composed of the energy of the microblock, the radiation field, the heat reservoir, and the mutual interaction energies, where the base system is a product of the wave functions of the subsystems.
Abstract: Electronic processes of impurity centers in ionic crystals are discussed. The crystal is divided into an ensemble of microblocks each containing one impurity in its center. The microblocks surrounding a single microblock act like a heat reservoir. The Hamilton operator of the total system is composed of the energy of the microblock, the radiation field, the heat reservoir, and the mutual interaction energies. The base system is assumed to be a product of the wave functions of the subsystems. For the electrons a Hartree-Fock ansatz is used which is reduced to an energy functional of the impurity center electrons. For the lattice wave functions dressed phonon states are introduced. The electron-phonon coupling is calculated and stochastic equations for radiative and nonradiative electronic processes are derived. The transition probabilities depend on the dressed-phonon resonances.
3 citations
Patent•
28 Jan 1971
TL;DR: In this article, a method of condensation of steam used a heat exchanger, cooled by water or air, and steam is led to a vessel filled with water in which it condenses after being fed in through a submerged distributor pipe.
Abstract: Method of condensation of steam used a heat exchanger, cooled by water or air, and steamis led to a vessel filled with water in which it condenses after being fed in through a submerged distributor pipe The vessel serves as a heat reservoir, and water from it passes into the heat exchanger, is cooled, returns to the vessel and is recycled to the boiler
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the difference between the temperature at any location and the surface temperature in a body with no heat generation and surface temperature ƒ4(t) is the same as that in a given body with constant surface temperature and volumetric heat generation Q = − Cϱ ∂ ǫ 4 −4∂t.