Showing papers on "Tool wear published in 1980"
142 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a state-of-the-art review of tool wear sensing is presented and the need for further research effort in this area is emphasized, and a recently developed technique is described.
67 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental evidence for the theoretical analysis of single-tooth milling dynamics is given, and the sensitivity of the proposed singletooth testing and associated results to changes of process parameters such as cutting speed, cutting edge angle, feed per tooth, depth of cut and tool wear is also checked.
29 citations
Patent•
26 Mar 1980TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a tool wear data correction system that can be determined from the frequency or time of tool use and the quality of materials of the tool and work.
Abstract: When machining with a numerical-controlled machine tool, both a command value providing the configuration of a finished product and a compensation value depending on the tool are needed, and tool compensation data must be corrected in response to tool wear. The present invention, taking notice of the fact that correction data corresponding to tool wear can be predetermined from the frequency or time of tool use and the fact that the amount of tool wear can be unequivocally determined by the quality of materials of the tool and work, provides circuitry for counting the frequency or time of use of the tool and circuitry for correcting by a predetermined value the content of a compensation value register having tool compensation date when the number of times a tool has been used or when the duration of tool use has reached a predetermined value.
23 citations
20 citations
Patent•
17 Mar 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, the relative displacement of the electrodes is stopped as soon as it reaches a predetermined reference position corresponding for example to a machining depth limit data entered in a control buffer memory.
Abstract: A method and apparatus for compensating for the wear of an electrode tool during machining by EDM of an electrode workpiece by the electrode tool. During penetration of the electrode tool into the electrode workpiece, relative displacement of the electrodes is stopped as soon as it reaches a predetermined reference position corresponding for example to a machining depth limit data entered in a control buffer memory. The reference position data is corrected as a function of the actual wear of the electrode tool which is measured by comparing the positions taken by the electrode tool when one of its active surfaces reaches the same reference position before and after a machining pass. The correction of the reference position data may be obtained either by successive approximations, or by a single calculation step effected after the first machining pass.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the wear results of Tungsten carbide tools rubbing against En-24 steel have been investigated and the experimental results indicate that an external magnetic field can be applied in hot machining conditions with the result of reduced tool wear.
17 citations
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this article, a theory of machining which takes account of the dynamic flow stress and temperature properties of the work material, and which has been modified to take advantage of recent information concerning the average values of the distributed heat sources at the tool wearing surfaces, was applied to the prediction of cutting forces, temperatures, etc., when machining plain carbon steels with carbide cutting tools.
Abstract: A theory of machining which takes account of the dynamic flow stress and temperature properties of the work material, and which has been modified to take advantage of recent information concerning the average values of the distributed heat sources at the tool wearing surfaces, has been applied to the prediction of cutting forces, temperatures, etc., when machining plain carbon steels with carbide cutting tools. The temperatures obtained from this theory are used together with extensive experimental data to examine the relationship between tool wear rate and cutting temperatures for a range of tool materials, work materials and cutting conditions. It is shown that, within the variability of the experimental data, for a given tool material/work material combination, the logarithm of the tool wear rate is a linear function of the reciprocal of the estimated tool temperature. This is indicative of a temperature dependent wear mechanism, and the wear rate/temperature results are discussed in terms of diffusion behaviour. The possible advantages of applying such an approach to the estimation of tool life for application in industrial machining operations is considered.
10 citations
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: After a general discussion about the importance of tool wear sensing in the automation of manufacturing processes, requirements for industrial utilization of sensors are described.
Abstract: After a general discussion about the importance of tool wear sensing in the automation of manufacturing processes, requirements for industrial utilization of sensors are described.
9 citations
TL;DR: The relationship between workpiece microstructure and tool wear in metal cutting is discussed in this paper, where it is suggested that minor amounts of oxygen-bearing inclusions, intrinsic to steels, may have major effects on machinability through their ability to promote abrasive wear.
9 citations
Journal Article•
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, the basic principles associated with the removal of unwanted material in the processing of machine parts by cutting and grinding operations are reviewed and some areas of importance for future research and development are mentioned at the end of the paper.
Abstract: The basic principles associated with the removal of unwanted material In the processing of machine parts by cutting and grinding operations are reviewed. Items considered include the elements of cutting and grinding mechanics, cutting forces and energy, tool tip temperatures, tool wear and tool life, chip formation and chip control and cutting economics. Some areas of importance for future research and development are mentioned at the end of the paper.
Patent•
26 Nov 1980
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to automatically detect the wear amount of a tool with cutting edge of hard sintered material by utilizing proportional change of cutting back component of force to the tool wear for detecting said component.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To detect automatically wear amount of a tool with cutting edge of hard sintered material by utilizing proportional change of cutting back component of force to the tool wear for detecting said component. CONSTITUTION:The relationship between cutting back component B of force and wear amount of tool is previously obtained from a test, so that the wear amount of the tool is automatically detected by detecting normally the cutting back component of force. Such automatic detection of the tool wear is utilized for a tool control on a mass production line to improve accuracy control of products.
TL;DR: A review of orthogonal finish machining is presented in this article, where the deformation zone governs chip flow, the tool-chip contact zone is responsible for tool wear and the tool base rubbing zone controls workpiece integrity.
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: As part of an ongoing project into the construction and implementation of an adaptively controlled milling machine, it was necessary to produce an algorithm which modelled the wear of end-milling cutters.
Abstract: As part of an ongoing project into the construction and implementation of an adaptively controlled milling machine, it was necessary to produce an algorithm which modelled the wear of end-milling cutters.
01 Oct 1980
TL;DR: A tool post for ultrasonic activation of cutting tools on a turret lathe was designed, fabricated and given preliminary evaluation on a LeBlond engine lathe, turning difficult-to-machine wrought metal alloys as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: : A tool post for ultrasonic activation of cutting tools on a turret lathe was designed, fabricated and given preliminary evaluation on a LeBlond engine lathe, turning difficult-to-machine wrought metal alloys, including ESR 4340 steel, 4340 steel, 9310 steel, 17-4 PH steel, several titanium alloys and Refractaloy 26. With the ultrasonic assist, metal removal rates were increased by factors up to 730 percent, tool wear and tool breakage were reduced and tool chatter was eliminated. Ultrasonically cut chips had a larger curl radius, lower hardness and less heat discoloration than conventionally cut chips. It was recommended that the ultrasonic tool post be refined and installed on a turret lathe for evaluation in a production environment.
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this article, the general machining characteristics of three aluminium-silicon pressure-die-cast alloys are listed and discussed, and recommendations are made for maintenance of tool life and avoidance of built-up edges or adhesive welded particles.
Abstract: The general machining characteristics of three aluminium-silicon pressure-die-cast alloys are listed and discussed. Recommendations are made for maintenance of tool life and avoidance of built-up edges or adhesive welded particles. Cast surface quality and influence of other casting defects are considered and illustrated. The influence of silicon content, porosity and multiple cut interruption on tool life was studied. For machining of hypereutectic aluminium alloys with high silicon content a limit for the applicable cutting speed was found: the point of thermal overloading of the work material in the shear zone by means of a deceptive chip formation.
TL;DR: In this article, an optical measuring/control system which directly monitors the workpiece in-process and uses the actual workpiece dimensional data to close the tool position control loop is presented.
Abstract: Closing a control loop on a transducer coupled to a slide positioning screw or on a tool slide itself places all machine errors such as backlash, tool deflection, tool wear, lead error, etc. external to the control loop. These errors are accommodated by an optical measuring/control system which directly monitors the workpiece in-process and uses the actual workpiece dimensional data to close the tool-position control loop. The system uses the image of the diffuse reflection of incident laser light from the workpiece focused on a position sensitive photodetector as a tracking signal for mechanical distance measurement to the workpiece surface from a fixed reference. Measurement resolution of ± .0004′ (± 10 microns) is achieved. Design data relating laser power, source-target distance, measured surface roughness and grain, optical base line length to measurement precision, resolution, frequence response and measurement range are discussed.