Showing papers on "Trigonella published in 2023"

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Utilizing Leaf Extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. for Catalytic Dyes Degradation and Colorimetric Sensing of Fe3+/Hg2+

Abstract: The aqueous Trigonella foenum-graecum L. leaf extract belonging to variety HM 444 was used as reducing agent for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis. UV–Visible spectroscopy, Particle size analyser (PSA), Field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX) and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used to characterize AgNPs. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) confirmed the formation of metallic Ag. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was done to find out the possible phytochemicals responsible for stabilization and capping of the AgNPs. The produced AgNPs had an average particle size of 21 nm, were spherical in shape, and monodispersed. It showed catalytic degradation of Methylene blue (96.57%, 0.1665 ± 0.03 min−1), Methyl orange (71.45%, 0.1054 ± 0.002 min−1), and Rhodamine B (92.72%, 0.2004 ± 0.01 min−1). The produced AgNPs were excellent solid bio-based sensors because they were very sensitive to Hg2+ and Fe3+ metal ions with a detection limit of 11.17 µM and 195.24 µM, respectively. From the results obtained, it was suggested that aqueous leaf extract demonstrated a versatile and cost-effective method and should be utilized in future as green technology for the fabrication of nanoparticles.

Modulation of Insulin Resistance by Silybum marianum Leaves, and its Synergistic Efficacy with Gymnema sylvestre, Momordica charantia, Trigonella-foenum graecum Against Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B.

Abstract: Prolonged insulin resistance is considered one of the reasons for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Upregulation of Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a negative regulator of insulin signalling, has been well studied as a key regulator in prognosis to insulin resistance. It has been widely studied as a desirable molecular therapeutic target. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of leaf extract of the medicinal plants Silybum marianum on the inhibition of PTP1B activity. It also explored the synergistic effect with extracts of Gymnema sylvestre (leaves), Momordica charantia (seeds), and Trigonella foenum graecum (seeds). The S. marianum leaves showed dose-dependent inhibition of PTP1B ranging from 9.48-47.95% (25-1000 μg mL-1). Assay with individual plant extracts showed comparatively lesser inhibition of PTP1B as compared to metformin as a control (38% inhibition). However, a synergistic effect showed nearly 45% PTP1B inhibition (higher than metformin) after the assay was done with selected four plant extracts in combination. The effect of leaf extracts of S. marianum was studied for glucose uptake efficiency in yeast cell lines which was found to be increased by 23% as compared to the control (without extract). Metformin improves glucose upake by yeast cells by ~15-31%. GC-MS analysis revealed 23 phytochemicals, some of which possessed anti-diabetic properties. A dose-dependent increase in antioxidant activity of S. marianum leaves extracts was observed (40-53%). The findings of the study highlighted the presence of various phytochemicals in leaves extracts that are effective against PTP1B inhibition and may help in reinvigorating drug development.

Phytofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Using Trigonella foenum-graceum L. Leaf and Evaluation of Its Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities

Abstract: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were fabricated using Trigonella foenum-graceum L. leaf extract, belonging to the variety HM 425, as leaf extracts are a rich source of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and sugars, which function as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agents in the reduction of silver ions to AgNPs. These phytochemicals were quantitatively determined in leaf extracts, and then, their ability to mediate AgNP biosynthesis was assessed. The optical, structural, and morphological properties of as-synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, a particle size analyzer (PSA), FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy), HRTEM (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy), and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). HRTEM analysis demonstrated the formation of spherically shaped AgNPs with a diameter of 4–22 nm. By using the well diffusion method, the antimicrobial potency of AgNPs and leaf extract was evaluated against microbial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Xanthomonas spp., Macrophomina phaseolina, and Fusarium oxysporum. AgNPs showed significant antioxidant efficacy with IC50 = 426.25 µg/mL in comparison to leaf extract with IC50 = 432.50 µg/mL against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The AgNPs (64.36 mg AAE/g) demonstrated greater total antioxidant capacity using the phosphomolybdneum assay compared to the aqueous leaf extract (55.61 mg AAE/g) at a concentration of 1100 μg/mL. Based on these findings, AgNPs may indeed be useful for biomedical applications and drug delivery systems in the future.

Cell Growth Inhibition, DNA Fragmentation and Apoptosis-Inducing Properties of Household-Processed Leaves and Seeds of Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Linn.) against HepG2, HCT-116, and MCF-7 Cancerous Cell Lines

Abstract: Household processing of fenugreek seeds and leaves, including soaking, germination, and boiling of the seeds, and air-drying of the leaves, has improved the levels of human consumption of the bitter seeds and increased the shelf life of fresh leaves, respectively. The potential anticancer activity of either unprocessed or processed fenugreek seeds or leaves and the relative expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes of the studied cancerous cell lines exposed to IC50 crude extracts was investigated to observe the apoptotic-inducing property of this plant as an anticancer agent. The protein expression of IKK-α and IKK-β, as inhibitors of NF-KB which exhibit a critical function in the regulation of genes involved in chronic inflammatory disorders, were studied in the tested cancerous cell lines. In this study, the anticancer activity of household-processed fenugreek leaves and seeds against HepG2, HCT-116, MCF-7, and VERO cell lines was measured using an MTT assay. DNA fragmentation of both HepG2 and MCF-7 was investigated by using gel electrophoresis. RT-PCR was used to evaluate the relative expression of each p53, caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 genes, whereas ELISA assay determined the expression of caspase-3, TNF-α, and 8-OHDG genes. Western blotting analyzed the protein-expressing levels of IKK-α and IKK-β proteins in each studied cell line. Data showed that at 500 µg mL−1, ADFL had the highest cytotoxicity against the HepG2 and HCT-116 cell lines. Although, each UFS and GFS sample had a more inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cells than ADFL. Gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the IC50 of each ADFL, UFS, and GFS sample induced DNA fragmentation in HepG2 and MCF-7, contrary to untreated cell lines. Gene expression using RT-PCR showed that IC50 doses of each sample induced apoptosis through the up-regulation of the p53, caspase-3, and Bax genes and the down-regulation of the Bcl-2 gene in each studied cell line. The relative expression of TNF-α, 8-OHDG, and caspase-3 genes of each HepG2 and MCF-7 cell line using ELISA assays demonstrated that ADFL, UFS, and GFS samples reduced the expression of TNF-α and 8-OHDG genes but increased the expression of the caspase-3 gene. Protein-expressing levels of IKK-α and IKK-β proteins in each studied cell line, determined using Western blotting, indicated that household treatments decreased IKK-α expression compared to the UFS sample. Moreover, the ADFL and SFS samples had the most activity in the IKK-β expression levels. Among all studied samples, air-dried fenugreek leaves and unprocessed and germinated fenugreek seeds had the most anti-proliferative and apoptotic-inducing properties against human HepG2, MCF-7, and HCT-116 cell lines, as compared to the VERO cell line. So, these crude extracts can be used in the future for developing new effective natural drugs for the treatment of hepatocellular, breast, and colon carcinomas.

Phytochemical screening and in-vitro biological properties of unprocessed and household processed fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.) seeds and leaves

Abstract: Abstract The impact of household processes on fenugreek leaves and seeds has been analyzed for total phenolic (TP) and total flavonoid content (TF), and in-vitro biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Processes included air-drying for leaves and germinating, soaking, and boiling for seeds. Air-dried fenugreek leaves (ADFL) had high TP (15.27 mg GAE g −1 D.W.) and TF (7.71 mg QE g −1 D.W.) (milligram quercetin equivalents per gram dry weight). The TP contents of unprocessed, germinated, soaked, and boiled seeds were 6.54, 5.60, 4.59, and 3.84 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry weight (mg GAE g −1 D.W.), respectively. The TF contents in unprocessed fenugreek seeds, germinated fenugreek seeds, soaked fenugreek seeds, and boiled fenugreek seeds (BFS) were 4.23, 2.11, 2.10, and 2.33 mg QE g −1 D.W., respectively. Sixteen phenolic and nineteen flavonoid compounds has been identified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH · ), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS +· ), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP · ) assays indicated that ADFL had the highest activity. Antimicrobial activity has been evaluated against each of the eight pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. ADFL showed the strongest activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations values ranging from 0.03 to 1.06 and 0.04 to 1.18 mg ml ·1 against bacterial and fungal strains, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in-vitro against RAW 264.7 macrophage cells using the nitric oxide (NO) assay. Results revealed that ADFL had the highest cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity according to the NO assay. Household processes significantly reduced the in-vitro biological properties of processed seeds.

Catalytic degradation of organic pollutant by biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Trigonella foenum-graceum L. leaves

Abstract: Abstract The usefulness of plant extracts in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have received a lot of interest since it is easy, environmentally benign, stable and economical. The present study involves biosynthesis of AgNPs using Trigonella foenum-graceum L. leaf extract belonging to specific variety HM (Hisar Mukta) 425. The different reaction conditions such as amount of leaf extract, temperature, concentration of silver nitrate, pH and incubation period were optimized by using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The average particle size, morphology and elemental composition of the AgNPs were studied through UV-Vis spectroscopy, Particle size analyser (PSA), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The average size of AgNPs was found to be 19 nm and were spherical in shape. The efficacy of AgNPs as a catalyst was confirmed by the 13 minutes completion of the organic pollutant p-nitrophenol (p-NP) reduction. Their catalytic capabilities strongly support the use of AgNPs in the purification of contaminated water.

Formulation and evaluation of oxymel containing fenugreek extract

Abstract: Introduction: Trigonella foenum-graecum is medicinal plant of family Fabaceae, consists of bitter principles and traditionally used in treatment of diabetes and hepatoprotective. To mask its bitter taste, it could be formulated in honey based oral formulations like oxymel. Honey, as a saturated solution of various sugars, as per Ayurvedic system of medicine, could be consumed along with drug. This research attempt was aimed towards aqueous extraction of fenugreek seeds; formulation of oxymel by addition to honey and evaluation for different parameters. Oxymel was formulated as per procedure mentioned in United State Pharmacopeia for squill oxymel; and evaluated for pharmaceutical parameters those applied for oral syrups. Results: The oxymel formulated was pale brownish with agreeable odour and sweet taste. It was pourable with viscosity of 80 CP measured at 100 rpm while density was found to be 1.47 g/cm³. There was also ease in cap opening of its container, also no crystallization of honey was observed. Its trigonelline content was found to be 3.6 µg/ml. Conclusion: Alkaloids of fenugreek have significant pharmacological activities in human being, if administered orally. To mask their bitter taste and facilitate their increase in absorption, Trigonella foenum-graecum can successfully be formulated in honey based oral formulation of oxymel.

Estimation of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant potency of Trigonella foenum-graecum Leaves (Variety HM444)

Abstract: Background: Plants contain phytochemicals that are crucial to their growth and development. The potential health benefits of dietary phytochemicals including flavonoids, isoflavones and other polyphenols. Polyphenolic substances, the largest class of phytochemicals, act as strong antioxidants due to abundance of hydroxyl groups. Trigonella foenum-graceum also known as Fenugreek is rich source of phytochemicals, therefore possess extraordinary healing and medicinal properties. Methods: The present study is designed to evaluate chief phytochemical constituents and antioxidant capacity of acetone extract of dried Trigonella foenum-graecum leaves (Variety HM 444). The phytochemicals like total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu method, total flavonoids by AlCl3 colorimetric assay, total sugars by method of Dubois and reducing sugars by method of Nelson as modified by Somogyi are determined in the acetone extract of leaves. The antioxidant capacity is determined by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and phosphomolybdenum assay. Result: Various phytochemicals such as total phenolic content (3.17 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids (1.34 mg CE/g), total sugars (32.35 mg/g), Reducing sugars (0.53 mg/g) and Non- reducing sugars (31.82 mg/g) are investigated in acetone extract of leaves. The antioxidant activity of leaves extract is evaluated using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and reported an IC50 value of 737.50 μg/mL. The total antioxidant capacity using phosphomolybdenum assay is 28.21 mg AAE/g.

A review on ethanomedicinal uses, pharmacological activities of trigonella foenum

Abstract: Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) typically called Methi is an annual herb belonging to own circle of relatives Fabaceae. It decreases the bad cholesterol stage reduces the frame weight through lowering plasma triglycerides tri glycerides. Fenugreek is thought to have hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant potency, digestive stimulant movement, and hepatoprotective effect. It is anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antibacterial agent, and anti-anorexia agent. Recent studies discovered that fenugreek is a treasured medicinal plant of multipurpose makes use of and can be used for getting ready diverse merchandise consisting of steroidal hormones. This assessment gives the principal medicinal and different useful makes use of fenugreek determined thru final a few years of studies in animal and human topics in addition to in different experimental studies. In this assessment, we can summarize antioxidant, anti-diabetic, PCOS, anti-microbial, hyperlipidemic movement, anti-most cancers movement and medicinal properties of fenugreek. Keywords: Fenugreek, bioactive compounds, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, alkaloid, medicinal properties.

Amino Acid Content of Some Species from Trigonella L. Genus Collected from Turkey

Abstract: A study was undertaken to evaluate the amino acid composition of the seeds of Trigonella cylindracea Desv., Trigonella mesopotamica Hub.-Mor. and Trigonella smyrnea Boiss. which are growing wild in Turkey. The seeds of three species contain both essential (histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, arginine, and tryptophan) and non-essential (alanine, aspartic acid, glycine, glutamic acid, proline, serine, and tyrosine) amino acids. The major amino acid was glutamic acid with a value of 4819 mg/100 g (T. cylindracea), 5888 mg/100 g (T. mesopotamica) and 4146 mg/100 g (T. smyrnea). Among the essential amino acids, lysine is found at the highest rate in all three species. The highest amount of lysine was found in the seeds of T. mesopotamica, followed by the seeds of T. cylindracea and T. smyrnea (3352±0.02 mg/100 g, 3059±0.03 mg/100 g and 2947±0.04 mg/100 g, respectively). The literature review showed that the amino acid composition of the studied seeds were evaluated for the first time in this study, therefore; our study provides important preliminary data to the literature in terms of evaluating the chemical compositions of three Trigonella species.

Economic feasibility of intercropping of Fenugreek (Trigonella graecum L.) with different short duration vegetable crops

Abstract: A field experiment entitled “Economic feasibility of intercropping of Fenugreek (Trigonella graecum L.) with different short duration vegetable crops was conducted at the vegetable farm, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalrapatan, Jhalawar during Rabi season 2019-20. The experiment comprised of four sole crops (fenugreek, carrot, cabbage and radish) and fenugreek intercropped with carrot, cabbage and radish with three ratios 1:1, 1:2 and 2:2 with a total of thirteen treatments each replicated thrice and laid out in randomized block design. The result shows that the sole crops viz., carrot, cabbage and radish had significant effect on growth, yield and quality over different intercropping system with fenugreek. The result revealed that intercropping of fenugreek with different short duration vegetable crops (carrot, cabbage and radish) had significant effect on equivalent yield, Land equivalent ratio and system productivity as compared to sole cropping system. The treatment T5 (fenugreek + carrot 1:1) was found most effective in increasing the fenugreek equivalent yield (54.72 q/ha), LER (1.44) and the maximum net return of 219717 with B: C ratio of (4.08) as compared to T1 (sole fenugreek) cropping system. However, the treatments T6 (fenugreek + carrot 1:2) was found at par with treatment T5 for equivalent yield and LER over sole cropping of fenugreek i.e. treatment T1).

Preventive Potential of Extracts of Some Dietary Plants Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection#

Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had emerged as an unprecedented global health crisis. The pandemic resulted in over 624 million confirmed cases, and 6.57 million deaths to date. Several dietary plants are known for their beneficial health effects and for their diverse bioactive metabolites. Some of them are already reported for their therapeutic potential against respiratory viral infections with excellent safety profiles. Thus they can serve as sources of bioactive agents for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. With limited therapeutic options, the identification of safe, effective, and affordable medicines for the SARS-CoV-2 infection are urgently needed. The primary aim of the current study is to identify edible plant materials with preventive activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Extracts of 30 dietary plants were evaluated for their in cellulo anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential. The antiviral activity was evaluated on SARS-CoV-2, propagated in Vero cell line (ATCC-CCL-81), followed by isolation of viral RNA, and its confirmation by qRT-PCR. Cytotoxicity of extracts was evaluated by using MTT assay in the Vero cell line, while the reduction in viral load was measured through plaque reduction assay. Furthermore, evaluations of the plant extracts on various treatment targets were also performed. An extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fenugreek leaves) (part of the plant: leaves) was identified as a promising inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 propagation with 98.7% reduction in the formation of plaques at 50 µg mL−1. Moreover, Trapa natans L. (Water caltrop) (part of the plant: fruit) also showed a 55.0% reduction in viral load at 50 µg mL−1. Both dietary plants exhibited prophylactic effects against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Trigonella foenum-graecum L., and Trapa natans L. and their bioactive metabolites can be useful as preventive agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results can form the basis for the development of anti-viral nutraceutical formulations.

Extraction of Fruit & Seed from Black Grape & Fenugreek using Different Solvents for Phytochemical Screening followed by Anti-Microbial Activity Against E. Coli

Abstract: The phytochemical components of many plant species are used in herbalism because they have been scientifically proven to have medicinal characteristics and approved by regulatory agencies including the European Food Safety Authority or the United States the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, as well as phenolic compounds are examples of the bioactive components found in plants that offer health advantages with a demonstrated physiological effect on people. Around worldwide, the resistance of pathogens to conventional antibiotics is expanding. Since more bacteria are becoming resistant to antibiotics due to their extensive use, current antimicrobial drugs may become ineffective in treating a number of bacterial infections. Medicinal plants have been the most prolific source of medication bio-resources in terms of phytochemicals for conventional medicines, conventional therapies, nutritional supplements, dietary additives, medicinal intermediary substances, and chemical entities for synthesized pharmaceuticals. Spices have been historically used in food as culinary ingredients and food preservatives from the beginning of time. The current study assesses the screening of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and grapes' phytochemical and anti-microbial activities. The two specimens had been gathered, extracted using various solvents, and qualitatively checked for the existence of various phytochemical kinds. For assessing the antibacterial property against E. coli, the agar diffusion methodology was employed. When employed against E. coli, black grape produced the zone of inhibition with the largest diameter, measured 23.5 mm, while fenugreek produced the smallest, measuring 21.25 mm. The goal of the current study is to identify plants that possess different antimicrobial properties that could be used to analyze and isolate novel phytochemicals to prevent the spread of various infectious diseases, particular in light of the sudden emergence of a growing number of drug-resistant microorganisms and the requirement to create more effective antimicrobial agents.

Detection of Family Specialty for Microbacterium sp. AJ-Z Isolated from Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Root Nodules

Abstract: Microbacterium sp. AJ-Z was isolated from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) root nodules on Yeast Extract Mannitol (YEM) medium. Colonies of the bacteria isolates grown were rod shape, whitish, translucent, sticky nature. The results showed responded of the fenugreek seedlings grown on Nitrogen free medium (NF) to inoculated with Microbacterium sp. AJ-Z isolate at 30 min. and successful to form nodules its roots in the rate of 70% after 7 days with rate number of nodes/seedling was 2.9 superiority on the other which grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and 0.7% agar. Nodules produced have a spherical shape, pinkish and indeterminate in growth and after a few days, its shape becomes elongated.

Comparative study of the chemical composition of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. essential oil

Abstract: Fenugreek is a well-known aromatic plant. Its leaves and seeds are commonly used for their many health benefits and the species is cultivated worldwide. For the first time, essential oils (EOs) from seeds of the Bulgarian and Indian populations were obtained by secondary distillation of hydrolat to extract the residual essential oil therein. They were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the chemical composition of the two samples was compared. Thirty-six compounds were identified and although the results showed some differences in the component composition of the two essential oils, the major constituents identified in both oils were cubenol, γ-n-amylbutyrolactone and palmitic acid. Moreover, oxygenated sesquiterpenes were the predominant fraction in Bulgarian and Indian seeds oils. Information is limited regarding menthol and γ-n-amylbutyrolactone, which were found in the present study in both oils. The performed analysis confirmed the presence of phytol in fenugreek seeds regardless of the extraction method of the essential oil.

Effect of Explants Type and Plant Growth Regulators on the Stimulation and Multiplication of Vegetative Branches of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. in Vitro

Abstract: The study included the use of plant tissue culture technology in the use of plant parts and different combinations in the emergence and multiplication of farms of the vegetative branches of the fenugreek plant(1,2,3)mg.l-1 BA, and the second stage was carried out by cultivating the growths resulting from the nodes grown in the previous stage on the MS medium, which was prepared with different concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3) mg.l-1 BA and (0.0,0.1,0.2,0.4)mg.L-1 NAA. The study’s results showed that the concentration of 2 mg.L-1 BA achieved a response rate of 80% compared to the peaks that did not respond. The results also showed that the same concentration of benzyl adenine achieved the highest rate in the number and length of branches, and the number of leaves reached 8.69.plant-1, 4.00 cm, 26.33 leaves.plant) respectively, compared with the control treatment that achieved the lowest rate, and the concentration 0.2 mg.l-1 NAA excelled in achieving the highest rate of the number of branches and leaves reached (7.49 branches. plant-1 and 21.50 leaves.plant-1) respectively. In comparison, the concentration of 0.4 mg.l-1 NAA excelled in achieving the highest average length of branches, reaching 3.92 cm.