Showing papers on "Turbinaria ornata published in 2013"

Evaluation of phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of brown seaweeds belonging to Turbinaria spp. (Phaeophyta, Sargassaceae) collected from Gulf of Mannar

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents of brown seaweeds belonging to Turbinaria spp. [Turbinaria conoides (T. conoides) and Turbinaria ornata (T. ornata) collected from Gulf of Mannar of southeastern coast of India in various in vitro systems.

Biochemical composition of some selected seaweeds from Tuticorin coast

Abstract: Seaweeds have been used as an important source of food because of their biochemical composition. In the present study, biochemical composition of edible seaweeds was investigated. Totally six seaweed samples (Enteromorpha compressa, E. intestinalis, Dictyota dichotoma, Turbinaria ornata, Gracilaria corticata and Hypnea musciformis) were analyzed. Quantitative analysis of protein content ranged from 9.47% and 14.68%. High protein content was found in the brown seaweed T. ornata and low protein content in the red seaweed G. verrucosa. Carbohydrate content of seaweeds ranged from 10.63% and 28.58%. The maximum carbohydrate content was recorded in the green seaweed Enteromorpha intestinalis and the brown seaweed Dictyota dichotoma recorded the minimum value. The Lipid content of seaweeds varied from 3.15% to 5.30%. The maximum lipid content was recorded in green seaweed E. intestinalis and the red seaweed G. verrucosa recorded the minimum content

Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant properties of some selected seaweeds from Tuticorin coast

Abstract: A B S T R A C T The antioxidant potential of acetone and ethanol extract of six seaweeds collected from Tuticorin coast were determined using total antioxidant activity, total phenolic activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay and reducing power. The acetone and ethanolic extract of brown seaweed Dictyota dichotoma showed higher phenolic content than all seaweeds studied. Higher antioxidant activity was observed in acetone extract of D. dichotoma and Turbinaria ornata. Higher DPPH radical scavenging activity was also observed in the acetone extracts of D. dichotoma and T. ornata. The maximum and minimum FRAP value was observed in acetone extract of D. dichotoma and ethanol extract of Enteromorpha compressa respectively. In the present study, the extract of D. dichotoma was found to possess strong antioxidant activity. The antioxidant mechanisms of seaweed extracts may be attributed to their free radical- scavenging ability. In addition, phenolic compounds appear to be responsible for the antioxidant activity of seaweed extracts .

Antiulcer, wound healing and hepatoprotective activities of the seaweeds Gracilaria crassa, Turbinaria ornata and Laurencia papillosa from the southeast coast of India

Abstract: Seaweeds have bioactive compounds of interest in the pharmaceutical industry. In India, seaweeds are used exclusively for phycocolloids production and have not yet received consideration as a dietary supplement. So, it has become imperative to explore the biomedical potential of seaweeds and promote their utilization as a functional food. The seaweeds Turbinaria ornata, Gracillaria crassa and Laurencia papillosa, collected from the Tuticorin coast of the Southeast coast of India and selected based on preliminary screening, were extracted with acetone and evaluated for antiulcer, wound healing and hepatoprotective activities. L. papillosa showed the highest level of gastric protection activity (81%) at 200 mg/kg, comparable to the standard drug ranitidine (90%). G. crassa followed with 76%. G. crassa and L. papillosa, showed marked wound-healing activity. G. crassa at 200 mg/kg, showed a marked effect on the serum marker enzymes indicating prominent hepatoprotective activity. The noteworthy wound-healing and hepato-protective properties of G. crassa besides anti-ulcer activity next to L. papillosa were indicative of its potential for further consideration.

Effect of fucoidan from Turbinaria ornata against marine ornamental fish

Abstract: *Corresponding author: Thangapandi Marudhupandi, Marine ornamental fish hatchery division Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai-608502, India. Tel: +91 8870366413 E-mail: tmarudhu@gmail.com Fundation Project: Supported by the scheme of Centre with Potential for Excellence in Particular Area (CPEPA) [Grant No: F.No. 8-2/2008 (NS/PE) December 2011].

Variability in the Effects of Macroalgae on the Survival and Growth of Corals: The Consumer Connection

Abstract: Shifts in dominance from corals to macroalgae are occurring in many coral reefs worldwide. Macroalgal canopies, while competing for space with coral colonies, may also form a barrier to herbivorous and corallivorous fish, offering protection to corals. Thus, corals could either suffer from enhanced competition with canopy-forming and understorey macroalgae or benefit from predator exclusion. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the effects of the brown, canopy-forming macroalga, Turbinaria ornata, on the survival and growth of corals can vary according to its cover, to the presence or absence of herbivorous and corallivorous fish and to the morphological types of corals. Over a period of 66 days, two coral species differing in growth form, Acropora pulchra and Porites rus, were exposed to three different covers of T. ornata (absent versus medium versus high), in the presence or absence of fish. Irrespective of the cover of T. ornata, fish exclusion reduced mortality rates of A. pulchra. Following fish exclusion, a high cover of T. ornata depressed the growth of this branched coral, whilst it had no effect when fish species were present. P. rus suffered no damage from corallivorous fish, but its growth was decreased by high covers of T. ornata, irrespective of the presence or absence of fish. These results show that negative effects of T. ornata on some coral species are subordinate to those of fish predation and are, therefore, likely to manifest only on reefs severely depleted of predators. In contrast, space dominance by T. ornata may decrease the growth of other coral species regardless of predation intensity. In general, this study shows that susceptibility to predation may determine the severity of the effects of canopy-forming macroalgae on coral growth.

Current status of seaweed diversity and their seasonal availability at Hare Island, Gulf of Mannar

Abstract: Seaweed diversity and their seasonal availability in Hare Island, Gulf of Mannar were studied during the year 2011-2012. Ninety species were identified of which 11 genera with 30 species, 13 genera with 28 species and 19 genera with 32 species were belonged to chlorophyceae, phaeophyceae and rhodophyceae. Species richness was found to be more in Caulerpa (10) followed by Sargassum (9) and Gracilaria (7). Seasonal distribution of seaweeds revealed that the members of rhodophyceae (Gracilaria corticata, G. verrucosa and G. pygmaea) and phaeophyceae (Padina tetrastromatica and P. pavonia) were most abundant in all the seasons (pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon). Species such as Turbinaria ornata, T. conoides, Rosenvingea intricata, Pocokiella variegata and Scinaia furcellata were completely absent in premonsoon season. Other species showed seasonal fluctuation in their distribution and abundance. The abundance of economically beneficial seaweeds assessed during this survey revealed the feasibility of commercial exploration of seaweeds such as Gracilaria corticata, G. verrucosa and G. pygmaea (agarophytes), Padina tetrastromatica P. pavonia, Spathoglossum asperum, Stoechospermum marginatum, Turbinaria ornata, T. conoides (alginophytes), Hypnea musciformis, Acanthophora spicifera, Corynomorpha prismatica and Kappaphycus alvaerezii (carrageenophytes) for phycocolloid industry.

Anticoagulant property of sulphated polysaccharides extracted from marine brown algae collected from Mandapam Island, India

Abstract: The marine brown algae: Sargassum tenerrimum , Sargassum wightii, Turbinaria conoides, Turbinaria ornata and Padina tetrastromatica were collected from Mandapam Island, India. The crude sulphated polysaccharides (SPS) were extracted using hot water and examined for anticoagulation activity. The sugar, sulphate and protein in crude SPS were analyzed. The presence of sulphated polysaccharide was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis and further characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR analysis of crude SPS showed characteristic band of polysaccharides at 900, 1740 cm -1 and ester sulphate at 1250 to 1260 cm -1 . Moreover, the absorbance band at 820 cm -1 for S. tenerrimum, S. wightii, T. conoides and T. ornata denotes sulphation at equatorial position, but in the case of P. tetrastromatica , sulphation at axial position is denoted by absorbance band at 850 cm -1 . The heparin like activity of crude SPS was determined by metachromatic assay. The anticoagulant activity of crude SPS was evaluated by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) assays. The metachromatic, APTT and heparinoid activities of crude SPS from S. tenerrimum, S. wightii, T. conoides, T. ornata and P. tetrastromatica were in the range of 0.045 to 0.0347, 134 to 89 s and 25.47 to 14.5 USP units/mg, respectively. The prolongation of prothrombin time by crude SPS was not found. Keywords : Brown algae, sulphated polysaccharides, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), agarose gel, metachromatic activity, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), heparin African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(16), pp. 1937-1945

Fringing reefs of Reunion Island and eutrophication effects. Part 2: Long-term monitoring of primary producers

Abstract: Studies on the reef flat of Saint-Gilles La Saline between 1987 and 2009 compared spatio-temporal variations of primary producers on two sites, Toboggan and Planch'Alizes. Toboggan (Site-T) is an oligotrophic site characterized by Acropora corals, abundant sea urchins and few primary producers. Planch'Alizes (Site-P) is a heterotrophic site, characterized by massive corals, abundant primary producers and occasional sea urchins. From shore to outer reef front, the reef flat comprises three parts: the back reef (B), the coral zone with Large coral strips (L) and the coral zone with Narrow coral strips (N). This paper (which is Part 2 in a three part series) is divided into four sections. The first (1993, 1996, and 2002) focuses on four groups of primary producers: cyanophytes; turfs (including Stegastes epilithic algal communities); encrusting coralline algae; macroalgae. Their abundance and dominant species were recorded in the three subzones, B, L and N, using 50m-line intercept transects (LITs). The second section (1998 to 2009 inclusive, on the two same sites), reports on annually monitored turfs, encrusting coralline and macroalgae on two permanent 20m LITs. These annual records extend periodic records from these same LITs from 1987, 1993, 1996 and 2002. The third section describes species richness of primary producers at the infracentimetric level in zones B, L and N in 1994. In the final section, seasonal variability is documented as changes in the biomass of dominant macroalgae reported monthly over a period of seven months (1993-94). In 1993-2002, primary producers were dominant at P (average ~ 60%) but inconspicuous at T (~5%). In terms of relative cover, turfs and macroalgae were the dominant forms at both sites (75% turfs, 10% macroalgae at T ; 24% t. and 52% m. at P). On both sites, cyanophytes significantly decreased over time. Among turfs, fine filamentous turfs were prevalent on the back reef on both sites, and also on the narrow outer coral zone at P. Stegastes turf territories dominated both coral zones at Site-T (L and N), but only the L coral zone at Site-P. Encrusting coralline algae were sparse at Site-T but locally abundant at Site-P, where they increased significantly from 1993 to 1996 in both coral zones. There was a major decrease in macroalgae between 1993 and 2002 at P. There were marked differences in the trajectories of decline of the dominant soft macroalgae (Hypnea valentiae, Padina spp, Dictyota spp, Turbinaria ornata and Gracilaria canaliculata). Seventy six primary producer species were recorded in the infracentimetric study (52 species at T and 67 at P). Different algae dominated different areas at both sites. At Toboggan, locally dominant species were the small Gelidium pusillum, an unidentified Melobesiae, Jania adhaerens, the encrusting corallines Hydrolithon onkondes and Lobophora variegata, the turfs Polysiphonia mollis and Anotrichium tenue (mainly in Stegastes territories), Jania adhaerens and Dictyosphaeria verluysii. At P, the dominants were Mesophyllum erubescens encrusting dead hard substrates and decimetric bioclasts in the back reef (B), where they form numerous rhodoliths. In the P coral zones, the dominant taxa were Lyngbya majuscula (cyanobacteria) followed by Hydrolithon onkodes, Blennothrix cantharidosma and Lithophyllum kotschyanum. Jania adhaerens, Hydrolithon onkodes and Gelidiella acerosa were dominant in the narrow coral zone (N). The local composition of the algal community appears to be more related to geomorphological zones and the presence or absence of the territorial Stegastes fish than to environmental differences between T and P. There was strong seasonal change in macroalgae biomass in 1993-4. On the back reef of both sites, peak biomass was due to Hypnea valentiae in February, when it is significantly greater than it was in January. Dictyosphaeria verluysii was dominant and highly visible at Site-T, but extremely rare and hidden below the Hypnea valentiae at P. On the outer coral zone (N), biomass was significantly different between most months on both sites. At Site-T in summer (December to March) the peak biomass was due to the "sponge seaweed" Hydroclathrus clathratus (Phaeophyceae) which exploded in December, declined in January and disappeared in February. At Site-P, H.clathratus was almost absent, and instead, Gracilaria canaliculata dominated the community throughout the year. Dictyosphaearia verluysii and D. cavernosa were prevalent in winter, the former preferring intertidal locations. In autumn (April - June), Turbinaria ornata invaded the subtidal substrates on the outer N-zones. To conclude this Part 2 of the Reunion Island Fringing Reef series, we discuss the influence of nutrients and herbivores (especially sea urchins and the territorial damselfish Stegastes) on the abundance and distribution of primary producers.

Extraction and isolation of phlorotannins from brown seaweed Turbinaria ornata (turner) j. Agardh and its antioxidant activity

Abstract: The crude extract and fractions of Turbinaria ornata collected from Mandapam coast were evaluated for their antioxidant potentials. The antioxidant potential was determined using total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The ethyl acetate fraction obtained from the crude methanolic extract by different solvent extractions exhibited prominent antioxidant activity. The ethyl acetate fraction was further fractionated with column chromatography to yield 36 fractions. All the column purified fractions were subjected to thin layer chromatography analysis and the results produce 8 fractions. The antioxidant activity of crude methanolic extract and sub fractions were evaluated. The F5 fraction exhibited higher total phenolic content and antioxidant properties. On the basis of TLC, UV-Vis and FT-IR spectral analysis F5 fraction was found to contain phenolic compounds especially phlorotannins. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report on the extraction and isolation of phlorotannins and this was responsible for antioxidant activity from brown seaweed Turbinaria ornata from India.

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF Coralline officalines and Turbinaria ornata SEAWEEDS FROM THOOTHUKUDI COASTAL AREA

Abstract: Seaweeds belong to a group of marine plants known as algae. These seaweeds are a good source of natural products. In the present study, the preliminary Phytochemical analysis was carried out in the seaweeds Coralline officalines and Turbinaria ornata. The chloroform, methanol and ethanol extracts were examined for the total antioxidant properties. The rapid Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) assay is considered as the rapid test to evaluate the antioxidant activity of natural compounds. The presence of phenolic compounds was detected by TLC. The total phenolic content of Coralline officalines was found to be 1.878±0.003 mg GAE/g and Turbinaria ornata showed 1.224±0.005 mg