Showing papers on "Urbanism published in 1992"

The City Assembled: The Elements of Urban Form Through History

Abstract: The city edge urban divisions public places the street urban process process against conservation - the life of urban form.

Modernity, Urbanism and Modern Consumption

Abstract: In human geography, as in other social sciences, much recent work has focused on contemporary consumption practices. The aim of this paper is to bring historical perspectives on consumption to bear...

Forms of dominance on the architecture and urbanism of the colonial enterprise

Abstract: Examines the complex experience of colonial domination, social reaction, and physical adaptation within the built environment of regions such as Morocco, Eastern Europe, India, Guatemala and East Africa, and provides a multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural perspective on the colonial experience.

Cities and Caliphs: On the Genesis of Arab Muslim Urbanism@@@Iranian Cities: Formation and Development

Abstract: Preface Prologue: The Study of Muslim Urbanism and the Problem of the Muslim City The Typical Muslim City: A Historiography of a Concept Urban Creations of the Early Muslim Arabs: The Garrison Town as a Prototype Urban Transformation in Early Islam: Arabization or Islamization of Existing Cities Planned Capital Cities: Ideal Constructs or Imperial Palaces Epilogue: The Arab Muslim City and the Genesis of Urban Form: Religious Ideology Versus Caliphal Authority Notes Appendices Bibliography Index

Urban Theory, Urbanism, and Suburban Residence

Abstract: Data from a 1972 three-state survey are used to compare city, suburban, town, and rural dwellers in terms offive urbanism characteristics: (1) anonymity, (2) tolerance, (3) community social bonds, (4) alienation, and (5) deviant behavior. Suburbanites displayed less urbanism than city dwellers, but they did not differ much from other noncity people in this regard. In fact, residents of the various types of settlement do not fall on a neat continuum of urbanism from country to town to suburb to city. The dominant pattern is simply a city-noncity differentiation, although there are afew anomalies. These results suggest that urban theories have limited usefulnessfor understanding urbanism among suburbanites, but they also reveal so little evidence of suburban distinctiveness that it may not require a unique explanation beyond that needed to accountfor simple urbannonurban differences. Interest in the effects of large population size, high heterogeneity, and high density continues to generate research (see, e.g., Sampson 1988; Tittle 1989). The issue is addressed by three competing theories: (1) a classical theory postulating these urban features to have distinct effects (urbanism), (2) a theory contending that urban features have no causal effects independent of community foci linked to social and demographic characteristics of residents, and (3) a subcultural theory implying that urban features have some effects, but fewer than implied by the classical argument, and in different ways than implied by either of the other two theories. Despite the prominence of these theories, it is unclear how they apply to types of settlement not easily categorized by the three urban features. Suburbs seem unusual in reflecting variable combinations of size, heterogeneity, and density, as well as other demographic elements, at the same time that their location potentially exposes residents to urban influences. Consequently, ascertaining how the explanatory processes of the theories might operate for suburbs is complicated, and none of the three is developed well enough to yield unambiguous predictions. * Direct correspondence to Charles R. Tittle, Department of Sociology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164. C) The University of North Carolina Press Social Forces, March 1992, 70(3):725-744 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.60 on Tue, 19 Jul 2016 04:14:36 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 726 / Social Forces 70:3, March 1992 Theoretical Predictions about Urbanism in Suburbs

The Early Umayyad Settlement at Tabariyah: A Case of Yet Another Miṣr?

Abstract: SETTLEMENT process is fundamentally involved in the development of urban society. As social structures change, settlement patterns tend to shift accordingly, reflecting new priorities and conditions. In Palestine, the long history of cultural development has not been exempt from this dynamic activity. Consequently, an examination of the settlement processes at work within, and across, cultural periods can furnish valuable insight into the development of these cultures. The emergence of an "Islamic" urban culture under the Umayyads provides just such an opportunity. Traditional notions of violent conquest followed by widespread destruction at the hands of nomadic Muslim Arabs have come under increasing doubt and have prompted a re-evaluation of the transition from Byzantine to Islamic rule.' This improved focus has revealed a more complex process of change in which the new rulers preserved many of the pre-existing social and political structures. Nevertheless, there was change. The conquerors brought with them new ideals and concepts of how a society should be organized, including attitudes toward urbanism. Archaeological work has now begun to throw light on this aspect of the transformation. An examination of the urban development of such sites as Fustat,2 Istakhr,3 Susa,4 and Aqaba' has shown that in each case the Islamic town was situated next to the older town, rather than on top of it. Furthermore, the square layout of these Islamic settlements bears characteristics typical of the amsdr, or "camp cities," founded during the Muslim conquest. This has led D. Whitcomb to suggest that these amsar, while perhaps initially created for military reasons, soon developed into vital urban centers fully equipped with their own social institutions.6 As such, they came to embody a new set of principles of how a town should be laid out. In other words, the transformation of these

Representation of the city in cinema: ‘The Calcutta trilogy’

Abstract: Communication has had a profound influence on the process of urbanization, while the processes of urbanization have shaped the nature of communication technologies and philosophies. In this paper the authors focus their attention on a third aspect of this interplay between communication and urbanization, namely, how communications media represent the discourse of urbanism. Their chosen medium of communication is film. By examining the complex ways in which films represent urbanization with special reference to Satyajit Ray's Calcutta Trilogy, the authors aim to illuminate the vital relationship that exists between space, time and identity in a rapidly changing urban space.