Showing papers on "Urbanism published in 2008"

Occupancy Urbanism: Radicalizing Politics and Economy beyond Policy and Programs

Abstract: This article proposes a narrative of city contestations beyond policy and programs. It considers why Indian metro elites, large land developers and international donors paradoxically lobby for comprehensive planning when confronting ‘vote bank politics’ by the poor. Poor groups, claiming public services and safeguarding territorial claims, open up political spaces that appropriate institutions and fuel an economy that builds complex alliances. Such spaces, here termed ‘occupancy urbanism’, are materialized by land shaped into multiple de-facto tenures deeply embedded in lower bureaucracy. While engaging the state, these locality politics remain autonomous of it. Such a narrative views city terrains as being constituted by multiple political spaces inscribed by complex local histories. This politics is substantial and poses multiple crises for global capital. Locally embedded institutions subvert high-end infrastructure and mega projects. ‘Occupancy urbanism’ helps poor groups appropriate real estate surpluses via reconstituted land tenure to fuel small businesses whose commodities jeopardize branded chains. Finally, it poses a political consciousness that refuses to be disciplined by NGOs and well-meaning progressive activists and the rhetoric of ‘participatory planning’. This is also a politics that rejects ‘developmentalism’ where ‘poverty’ is ghettoized via programs for ‘basic needs’ allowing the elite ‘globally competitive economic development’.

Pre-Columbian Urbanism, Anthropogenic Landscapes, and the Future of the Amazon

Abstract: The archaeology of pre-Columbian polities in the Amazon River basin forces a reconsideration of early urbanism and long-term change in tropical forest landscapes. We describe settlement and land-use patterns of complex societies on the eve of European contact (after 1492) in the Upper Xingu region of the Brazilian Amazon. These societies were organized in articulated clusters, representing small independent polities, within a regional peer polity. These patterns constitute a “galactic” form of prehistoric urbanism, sharing features with small-scale urban polities in other areas. Understanding long-term change in coupled human-environment systems relating to these societies has implications for conservation and sustainable development, notably to control ecological degradation and maintain regional biodiversity.

Landscape as Urbanism

Abstract: viii Chapter 1 – Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Case Studies 8 · City of Culture of Galicia 9 · Fresh Kills Park Project 11 · Rebstockpark Master Plan 13 · Tanghe River Park 15 Chapter 3 – Trinidad and Tobago 18

Civilising the City: Populism and Revanchist Urbanism in Rotterdam

Abstract: This paper discusses the relevance of American literature on ‘revanchist urbanism’ for understanding the policies of the populist government that ruled Rotterdam between 2002 and 2006. It is suggested that revanchist urbanism in the European context in general and in the case of Rotterdam in particular takes on a different form from that in the US. Moreover, a wholesale displacement of social-democratic policies by revanchist policies is not observed. Many policy measures which formed part-and-parcel of a social-democratic urban project—anti-segregation policies and policies to promote social cohesion—are redefi ned and reconfi gured by populist parties so that they can be incorporated into more revanchist strategies. In this sense, the differences between social democratic and revanchist governance are large with respect to symbolism but small and gradual when it comes to actual policy measures.

Critical Commentary. Waking from the Dream: An Australian Perspective on Urban Resilience

Abstract: Climate change and energy insecurity are grave threats to the stability and sustainability of human society. This paper considers the meaning of this globally manifest, yet regionally differentiated, ecological threat for Australia's urban system. It also considers the twin ecological peril of oil depletion, whose impacts may intensify to great effect the social stresses likely to emerge as climates warm. The paper intervenes in the debate that transfixes contemporary Australian urbanism: the sustainability of the suburban form in which most Australians live. A similar if not identical debate exists in North America and parts of western Europe. These discussions may be overemphasising the environmental significance of urban form and failing to apprehend the deeper socio-cultural forces that drive the (over)consumption of nature. Planning thought and practice need to loosen the grip of physical determinism on their environmental comprehension if they are to comprehend accurately the sources of, and solutio...

The ancient city : new perspectives on urbanism in the old and new world

Abstract: Introduction Joyce Marcus and Jeremy A Sabloff The City through Time and Space: Transformations of Centrality Colin Renfrew Early Cities: Craft Workers, Kings, and Controlling the Supernatural Bruce G Trigger Analyzing Cities Mogens Herman Hansen Other Perspectives on Urbanism: Beyond the Disciplinary Boundaries Karl W Butzer Between Concept and Reality: Case Studies in the Development of Roman Cities in the Mediterranean Janet DeLaine Urban Foundation, Planning, and Sustainability in the Roman Northwestern Provinces Michael J Jones A Tale of Two Cities: Lowland Mesopotamia and Highland Anatolia Elizabeth C Stone Royal Cities and Cult Centers, Administrative Towns, and Workmen's Settlements in Ancient Egypt Kathryn A Bard Indus Urbanism: New Perspectives on Its Origin and Character Jonathan Mark Kenoyer Stages in the Development of "Cities" in Pre-Imperial China Lothar von Falkenhausen Early African Cities: Their Role in the Shaping of Urban and Rural Interaction Spheres Chapurukha M Kusimba Pomp and Circumstance before Belize: Ancient Maya Commerce and the New River Conurbation K Anne Pyburn Incidental Urbanism: The Structure of the Prehispanic City in Central Mexico Kenneth G Hirth Links in the Chain of Inka Cities: Communication, Alliance, and the Cultural Production of Status, Value, and Power Craig Morris Cities and Urbanism: Central Themes and Future Directions Joyce Marcus and Jeremy A Sabloff

The hotel and the city

Abstract: This paper examines the relationship between cities and hotels, arguing that this urban space sheds light on many of the traits of twentieth-century urbanism. First, it sketches the relationship of hotels to urban space, either as landmarks within cities, as statements of civic selfconfidence in booming central business districts, or as components of urban renewal strategies. Second, it is suggested that the design of hotel space is expressive of consumption choices, whether in terms of a standardized, hard-wearing functionality or an expression of uniqueness, reflecting contemporary trends in consumer marketing, distinction and branding. Third, these spaces are crucial to the notion of the `circulatory' city. They are representative of a form of dwelling, of a temporary domestic, for various types of traveller, as well as serving as a business space. Fourth, they are reflective of the complex social geographies of city life, and provide a microcosm of the occupational hierarchies of hospitality services.

Cities and cinema

Abstract: Films about cities abound. They provide fantasies for those who recognize their city and those for whom the city is a faraway dream or nightmare. How does cinema rework city planners’ hopes and city dwellers’ fears of modern urbanism? Can an analysis of city films answer some of the questions posed in urban studies? What kinds of vision for the future and images of the past do city films offer? What are the changes that city films have undergone? Cities and Cinema puts urban theory and cinema studies in dialogue. The book’s first section analyzes three important genres of city films that follow in historical sequence, each associated with a particular city, moving from the city film of the Weimar Republic to the film noir associated with Los Angeles and the image of Paris in the cinema of the French New Wave. The second section discusses socio-historical themes of urban studies, beginning with the relationship of film industries and individual cities, continuing with the portrayal of war torn and divided cities, and ending with the cinematic expression of utopia and dystopia in urban science fiction. The last section negotiates the question of identity and place in a global world, moving from the portrayal of ghettos and barrios to the city as a setting for gay and lesbian desire, to end with the representation of the global city in transnational cinematic practices. The book suggests that modernity links urbanism and cinema. It accounts for the significant changes that city film has undergone through processes of globalization, during which the city has developed from an icon in national cinema to a privileged site for transnational cinematic practices. It is a key text for students and researchers of film studies, urban studies and cultural studies.

Affective urbanism and the event of hope.

Abstract: The article discusses how hope and hopefulness become part of the life of cities, drawing on a case study of cultural regeneration: the event of Liverpool receiving EU Capital of Culture status in June 2003. Through attention to the "eventness" of the event of "receiving Capital of Culture status" and the linked practices of urban regeneration, the article argues that the "European Capital of Culture" becomes part of the assemblages that compose Liverpool in three ways: as an advent, as a crystallization, and as a blank. Each of these registers involves the assembling of specific distributions of hope. Through this focus on the relation between the event and how hope takes place, the article explores an affective urbanism - that is, an urbanism animated by a conceptual vocabulary specific to the logics of affect and emotion.

The Entertainment Zone: Unplanned Nightlife and the Revitalization of the American Downtown

Abstract: This paper describes informal, small-scale leisure and nightlife districts or entertainment zones (EZs) which have developed in or near the downtowns of mid-sized and large American cities in recent years. Occupying older vernacular buildings in marginal areas of downtown, the bars, cafes, restaurants, nightclubs and performance spaces of EZs have developed largely without the large-scale design, planning, government action or subsidy common in formal urban entertainment districts. EZs demonstrate the popularity, resilience and flexibility of small-scale, vernacular architecture and urbanism and its importance in generating a vibrant and diverse downtown. The paper documents the design and performative characteristics of EZs in American cities and locates these places within current urban design and development theory. The findings from a Milwaukee, Wisconsin, case study together with evidence from other entertainment zones indicate that EZs possess individuality and a vitality lacking in formal urban entertainment districts. The paper concludes with recommendations for designers, planners and policy makers to reform current urban entertainment development practices.

The Shape of Things to Come: New Urbanism, the Grid and the Cul-De-Sac

Abstract: There is much debate in the UK, North America and Australia within both crime prevention and planning concerning New Urbanism and the design of suburban housing layouts. New Urbanism promotes high-density, mixed-use residential developments in ‘walkable’ neighbourhoods close to public transport, employment and amenities. One significant factor is New Urbanism's support for permeability and the preference of the grid street layout over the cul-de-sac (Morrow-Jones et al., (2004). The authors present the evidence as it relates to the grid and the cul-de-sac across a range of inter-disciplinary issues such as crime, walkability, social interaction, travel behaviour, traffic safety, cost and sustainability and housing preferences. This paper provides a brief history of the grid and cul-de-sac, discusses their respective strengths and weaknesses and concludes that any ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach is myopic and simplistic. It calls for a more holistic approach to understanding the localized and context...

Stone Cities, Green Cities

Abstract: Is there a particular character to the forms of urbanism that arose in the humid tropics?“Yes” in the sense that there are conditions common to the humid tropics globally that are not characteristic of temperate Europe. How environmental factors structure urban form and function is another question, but the key relationship on which to focus in an environmental approach to urbanism is that between the individual and the environment, and not between a culture or society as a system and the environment. At another level, one could argue that there is no such thing as tropical urbanism. The relationships that constitute ecological processes are the same throughout the biosphere, and it is only the outcome of these processes that is different in the tropics. Likewise, the “rules” of the development of complexity, associated with urbanism everywhere, are about power relationships and hierarchy more than setting or conditions. In addition to these themes, I reconsider the conditions for Maya urbanism, and I suggest a range of alternative relationships that can inform urban processes and outcomes.

New Urbanism and Beyond : Designing Cities for the Future

Abstract: Best defined as the art of shaping the built environment, urban design seeks to understand and analyze the variety of forces--social, economic, cultural, legal, ecological, and aesthetic--that affect how we live. The complex challenges facing cities today--scarcity of resources, growing economic divisions, and rampant sprawl, among others--are forcing a reconsideration of urban design. New Urbanism, a leading movement within urban design, advocates a return to small-town urban forms: human-scale, pedestrian-friendly streets, a reinvigoration of cities, and a stop to suburban sprawl. This new volume, drawing on a conference and debates at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, comprehensively examines New Urbanism today and speculates about it's future. With contributions from Christopher Alexander, Leon Krier, Peter Hall, Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, Jeff Speck, William McDonough, Peter Calthorpe, Jan Gehl, Lars Lerup, Edward Soja, and Saskia Sassen, among others, New Urbanism and Beyond is both a comprehensive primer on urban design and a provocation for practitioners, historians, and citizens everywhere.

The Veiled Ladies of the Early Modern Spanish World: Seduction and Scandal in Seville, Madrid, and Lima

Abstract: This article examines the controversial fashion of veiling in the early modern Spanish world. Working across the media of art, literature, and the law, it explores the intersecting ways in which moralists, legislators, playwrights, painters, and poets constructed the figure of the veiled lady ( tapada ) as a social type at once alluring and deeply unsettling. We provide an explanation of the terminology and taxonomy of veiling, with illustrations to show the various styles of face-covering popular in early modern Spain. We then argue that this fashion and the controversy—as well as the entertainment—it generated were closely tied to Spain’s rise as an imperial power, especially to the new forms of urbanism that developed in the ancient city of Seville and the much younger capitals of Madrid and Lima. As these rapidly expanding cities offered their inhabitants new spaces of social interaction and new possibilities for social mobility, wealth, and consumerism, their changing urban landscapes and complex demographics also generated anxieties of failure and deception. Cultural concerns regarding religious practice, the regulation of domestic and public space, and racial and class distinctions coalesced around the figure of the tapada . Seductive, mysterious, and rebellious, she absorbed the fantasies and fears of urban life in three of the most dynamic cities of imperial Spain.

Theories of Urban Politics

Abstract: Introduction: Urban Politics in the 21st Century - Jonathan S Davies and David l Imbroscio PART ONE: PROLOGUE Why Study Urban Politics? - Peter John PART TWO: POWER The History of Community Power - Alan Harding Urban Regime Analysis - Karen Mossberger Marxism and Urban Politics - Mike Geddes 'Posty' Urban Political Theory - Serena Katoaka PART THREE: GOVERNANCE New Institutionalism and Urban Politics - Vivien Lowndes Regionalism and Urban Politics - Hank Savitch and Ron K Vogel Urban Political Leadership - Steven Greasley and Gerry Stoker Governance and Urban Bureaucracy - Anne Mette Kjaer Globalization and Urbanism in the Non-Western World - Richard Stren PART FOUR: CITIZENS Poverty, Inequality and Social Exclusion - Mara S Sidney Race and Urban Political Theory - J Phillip Thompson Gender and Sexuality - Judith A Garber Social Capital - Helen Sullivan Urban Social Movements - Gordana Rabrenovic PART FIVE: CHALLENGES Who is Governed? Local Citizens and the Political Order of Cities - Clarence N Stone

Ecopolis: Architecture and Cities for a Changing Climate

Abstract: List of Figures & List of Tables.- Acknowledgments.- Preface.- Introduction - The City Is My University.- 1. The Ground Plan. 1.1 The Idea of Ecopolis. 1.1.1 Projects and Praxis. 1.1.2 The Propositions. 1.1.2.1 Proposition 1: CITY-REGION: City-regions determine the ecological parameters of civilisation. 1.1.2.2 Proposition 2: INTEGRATED KNOWLEDGE: There is an imperative need to integrate extant knowledge. 1.1.2.3 Proposition 3: CULTURAL CHANGE: Creation of an ecological civilisation requires conscious, systemic cultural change. 1.1.2.4 Proposition 4: CULTURAL/URBAN FRACTALS: Demonstration projects provide the means to catalyse cultural change. 1.1.3 The Three Parts of the Dissertation. 1.2 The Purpose of Cities. 1.2.1 Defining Cities. 1.2.2 Types of Cities.- 2. An Epistemology for Urban Ecology. 2.1 An Heuristic Hybrid? 2.1.1 Hemisphericism and Sustainability. 2.1.2 Reconciliation of Urban and Non-urban Epistemologies. 2.1.3 Architecture, Cross-talk and Points of View. 2.1.4 City as Ecosystem. 2.1.5 Defining Urban Ecology. 2.2 Further Words on Architecture and Ecology. 2.2.1 Greening the Discourse. 2.3 Towards Sustainable Human Ecological Development. 2.4 Romantic Science. 2.4.1 Picking Flowers. 2.4.2 Objectivity, Subjectivity and the Third Way. 2.5 Adaptive Thinking and the Climates of Opinion. 2.5.1 Convenient Misrepresentations and Inconvenient Truths. 2.5.2 The Days After Tomorrow.- PART ONE: Ecopolitan CityScapes: Theory & Practice. A.1 People, Places and Philosophies.- 3. Architecture, Urbanism & Ecological Perspectives. 3.1 Points of view. 3.1.1 Antecedents and Antitheses. 3.1.1.1 Gardens and Cities. 3.1.1.2 Conservative or Conservationist. 3.2 Integration. 3.2.1 The Second Generation of Ecological Design. 3.2.1.1 Four Ecological Phases of Human Existence. 3.2.1.2 Three Urban Phases of Human Settlement. 3.2.1.3 Mainstream sustainability. 3.2.2 Which Analysis? 3.2.3 Health, Technology and Ecology. 3.3 A Sense of Place. 3.3.1 Placing the Architectural Experience. 3.3.1.1 Critical Regionalism. 3.3.1.2 Growing from Place. 3.3.1.3 Being Critical of Regionalism. 3.3.1.4 Bioregionalism. 3.3.1.5 Ecological Architecture. 3.4 Changing Places. 3.4.1 Architecture for a Changing Climate.- 4. Relevant Theorists. 4.1 Picture People - Visionaries and Utopians. 4.1.1 Soleri - Arcologies and Spiritual Complexification. 4.1.2 Register - From Vegetable Cars to Ecocitology. 4.1.3 Fuller - Geodesic Domes on Spaceship Earth. 4.1.4 Howard - The Garden City. 4.1.5 Morris - News From Nowhere. 4.1.6 Callenbach - Ecotopia. 4.1.7 Wright - Broadacre City. 4.2 Process People - Understanding the Nature of Cities. 4.2.1 Geddes - A View from the Outlook Tower. 4.2.2 Mumford - Cities, Technology and the Green Matrix of Regionalism. 4.2.3 McHarg - Designing With Nature. 4.2.4 Hough - Cities as Natural Process. 4.2.5 Spirn - In the Granite Garden. 4.2.6 Jacobs - The Death and Life of Cities. 4.2.7 Fisk and Vittori - Maximising the Potential of Building Systems. 4.2.8 New Alchemy and the Todds - Bioshelters and Living Machines. 4.2.9 Biosphere 2 - Off the Planet. 4.2.10 Berg and Sale - The Bioregional Imperative. 4.2.11 Papanek - Designing for the Real World. 4.2.12 Van der Ryn - Ecological Architecture and Intellectual Coherence. 4.2.13 Yeang - Architect and Bioclimatician. 4.2.14 Chinese and Russian Urban Ecologists - Red Green. 4.3 Pattern People - Putting the Pieces Together. 4.3.1 Alexander - People, Patterns, Process and the Nature of Order. 4.3.2 Mollison - The Productive Patterns of Permaculture. 4.3.3 Frampton - Critical Regionalism. 4.3.4 Brand - How Buildings Learn in the Long Now. 4.4 Pragmatic People - Getting from 'Here' to 'There'. 4.4.1 Newman and Kenworthy - Auto Dependence. 4.4.2 Engwicht - Calming the Traffic. 4.4.3 T

Landscape (Sub)Urbanism in Theory and Practice

Abstract: This two-part paper superimposes current landscape urbanist theory onto practical suburban master planning experience so as to help landscape architects play a more influential role in shaping contemporary patterns of suburban sprawl. The theory and practice described are predicated upon a sense that the incipient movement of landscape urbanism is well suited, but not yet practically applied to suburban conditions. It is argued that the discourse of landscape urbanism needs to define itself more clearly in relation to dominant socio-political and aesthetic movements such as smart growth, green urbanism, and new urbanism. Via the discourse of landscape urbanism, the practice of landscape architecture in suburbia can shift from one of relative superficiality to one of structural influence. The paper first positions landscape urbanism in the context of a wider array of (sub)urban planning and design theories. It then describes and reflects upon a three-year master planning project of a suburban residential development for 40,000 people in Perth, Western Australia. This project suggests that the status of the master plan in relation to landscape urbanism’s emphasis on indeterminacy is a key issue.

Urbanism on Track: Application of tracking technologies in urbanism

Abstract: Tracking technologies such as GPS, mobile phone tracking, video and RFID monitoring are rapidly becoming part of daily life. Technological progress offers huge possibilities for studying human activity patterns in time and space in new ways. Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) held an international expert meeting in early 2007 to investigate the current and future possibilities and limitations of the application of tracking technologies in urban design and spatial planning. This book is the result of that expert meeting. Urbanism on Track introduces the reader to the basics of tracking research and provides insight into its advantages above other research techniques. But it also shows the bottlenecks in gathering and processing data and applying research results to real-life problems. Urbanism on Track showcases tracking experiments in urban studies, planning and design – from pedestrian navigation in Austria to Danish field tests, from TU Delft's Spatial Metro project to MIT's Real Time Rome and last but not least the Sense of the City project realised in Eindhoven. Urbanism on Track discusses the relevance of tracking for policy making, the possibilities of a new cartography and the implementation of tracking technologies in urban design and planning. This makes Urbanism on Track a unique book, setting the agenda for the structural embedment of research using tracking technologies in urbanism.

Urban Politics and the Los Angeles School of Urbanism

Abstract: This polemical article uses Los Angeles as a template to challenge existing theoretical and empirical research traditions in the study of urban politics. The precepts of the “Los Angeles School” exemplify the shift from a modernist to a postmodern urbanism in which altered geographies are redefining the meaning and practice of urban politics. Los Angeles challenges an urban political scholarship that is overly focused on empirical analysis at the expense of theory, too constrained by conventional categories, and divorced from adjacent disciplines with much to contribute to the understanding of contemporary politics, including urban political economy.

New Urbanism, Social Equity, and the Challenge of Post-Katrina Rebuilding in Mississippi:

Abstract: In October 2005, the Congress for the New Urbanism (CNU) was enlisted to produce rebuilding plans for eleven towns along the Mississippi Gulf Coast that had been devastated by Hurricane Katrina. The plans they produced are microcosms of New Urbanist social doctrine: an accessible public realm, neighborhoods that are socially diverse, and walkable access to life's daily needs—design principles that are essentially aimed at promoting social equity. This article examines the rhetoric and reality of the social equity goals of the New Urbanist plans for the Mississippi Gulf Coast region. While social equity goals are both implicitly and explicitly stated and visualized throughout the plans, the realization of social equity goals will require more than physical designs. Without the policy, institutional, programmatic, and process requirements that go along with the New Urbanists' physical design proposals, the designs may lose their connection to social equity goals. Given the intensity of development pressure ...

The Option of Urbanism: Investing in a new American Dream

Abstract: Whatever our proffesion, the option of urbanism investing in a new american dream can be good resource for reading. Locate the existing files of word, txt, kindle, ppt, zip, pdf, as well as rar in this site. You can definitely review online or download this publication by here. Now, never ever miss it. Have spare times? Read the option of urbanism investing in a new american dream writer by Why? A best seller publication in the world with great value as well as content is combined with fascinating words. Where? Merely below, in this site you can review online. Want download? Naturally available, download them additionally below. Available reports are as word, ppt, txt, kindle, pdf, rar, and also zip. Trying to find professional reading resources? We have the option of urbanism investing in a new american dream to review, not only check out, but additionally download them or perhaps read online. Find this fantastic publication writtern by now, just below, yeah only here. Get the files in the types of txt, zip, kindle, word, ppt, pdf, and also rar. Again, never miss to check out online and also download this book in our website right here. Click the web link. GO TO THE TECHNICAL WRITING FOR AN EXPANDED TYPE OF THIS THE OPTION OF URBANISM INVESTING IN A NEW AMERICAN DREAM, ALONG WITH A CORRECTLY FORMATTED VERSION OF THE INSTANCE MANUAL PAGE ABOVE.