Showing papers on "Viewpoints published in 1995"
Book•
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: The Mental Measurements Yearbook (MMY) series as discussed by the authors provides factual information, critical reviews, and comprehensive bibliographic references on the construction, use, and validity of all tests published in English.
Abstract: Customers who place a standing order for the Tests in Print series or the Mental Measurements Yearbook series will receive a 10% discount on every volume. To place your standing order, please call 1-800-848-6224 (in the U.S.) or 919-966-7449 (outside the U.S.). The most widely acclaimed reference series in education and psychology, the Mental Measurements Yearbooks are designed to assist professionals in selecting and using standardized tests. The series, initiated in 1938, provides factual information, critical reviews, and comprehensive bibliographic references on the construction, use, and validity of all tests published in English. The objectives of the Mental Measurements Yearbooks have remained essentially the same since the publication of the series. These objectives include provision to test users of: * factual information on all known tests published as separates in the English-speaking countries of the world * candidly critical test reviews written for the MMY series by qualified professional people representing a variety of viewpoints * unique publication of each volume in the MMY series with new volumes supplementing rather than supplanting previous series volumes.Each yearbook is a unique publication, supplementing rather than supplanting the previous volumes. The Twelfth Mental Measurements Yearbook contains descriptions and reviews of over four hundred new or recently revised instruments in the English language.
226 citations
TL;DR: This work focuses on developing a novel approach to the presentation of ethnographic material based on the use of number of viewpoints and is embodied within a general hypertext tool.
Abstract: We argue that the industrial development of interactive systems has to recognise the social dimension of work if these systems are to fully meet the real needs of their users. Under current approaches this depends on whether an individual requirements engineer implicitly applies a user centred approach, recognises the importance of cooperation and is sufficiently sympathetic and intuitive to understand the work and reflect this in the system requirements. We wish to move beyond this by allowing for the provision of a more systematic incorporation of the social dimensions of work. To this end we focus on developing a novel approach to the presentation of ethnographic material. Our approach is based on the use of number of viewpoints and is embodied within a general hypertext tool.
108 citations
TL;DR: The formalisation consists in a logic which extends first order predicate calculus with its own metalanguage, an axiomatization of provability and proper reflection rules, and a proof theory for viewponts which enables to carry out proofs of statements involving several viewpoints.
Abstract: We present a formalisation for the notion of viewpoint, a construct meant for expressing several varieties of relativised truth. The formalisation consists in a logic which extends first order predicate calculus with its own metalanguage, an axiomatization of provability and proper reflection rules. The extension is not conservative, but consistency is granted. Viewpoints are defined as set of reified meta-level sentences. A proof theory for viewponts is developed which enables to carry out proofs of statements involving several viewpoints. A semantic account of viewpoints is provided, dealing with issues of self referential theories and paradoxes, and exploiting the notion of contextual entailment. Notions such as beliefs, knowledge, absolute truth or truth relative to a situation can be uniformly modeled as provability in specialised viewpoints, obtained by imposing suitable constraints on viewpoints.
60 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a structured controversy approach to teaching in environmental education is evaluated, which challenges and enhances students' conceptions of environmental issues and environmental education by confronting them with alternative viewpoints and evidence.
Abstract: A structured controversy approach to teaching in environmental education is evaluated. Learning experiences which challenge and enhance students' conceptions of environmental issues and environmental education by confronting them with alternative viewpoints and evidence were trialled in two postgraduate environmental teacher education courses. Findings indicate that as a result of participating in the learning experiences, students formulated their own position more clearly, better understood the viewpoints of others, became aware of inadequacies and inconsistencies in their conceptions and were challenged to increase their environmental commitment. They were able to explore the strengths and weaknesses of different teaching approaches in environmental education and develop and justify their own preferred strategy. Most students responded favourably to the use of controversy and valued the peer discussion and conceptual challenge it evoked. Further development of this technique in enhancing stude...
28 citations
Proceedings Article•
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03 Apr 1995
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose the idea of process viewpoints which have associated process models and which incorporate questions about process and potential process improvement, which can be used to analyse software processes and derive process models.
Abstract: This paper discusses the need for a systematic framework which can be used to analyse software processes and derive process models. We propose the idea of process viewpoints which have associated process models and which incorporate questions about process and potential process improvement. The questions associated with each process viewpoint are derived from organisational concerns which must be explicitly identified. This work has been carried out in the context of a project which is investigating approaches to requirements engineering process improvement.
24 citations
07 May 1995
TL;DR: Financial Viewpoints is an experimental interactive 3D information space that spatially and volumetrically represents a portfolio of seven mutual funds and is the first in a larger research effort to explore the notion of embodied virtual space.
Abstract: This paper presents Financial Viewpoints, an experimental interactive 3D information space that spatially and volumetrically represents a portfolio of seven mutual funds. 3D point -of-view is used to represent context and context shifts in the information and to allow users to view multiple representations of the information in a single, continuous environment. This project is the first in a larger and ongoing research effort to explore the notion of embodied virtual space.
21 citations
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: The authors investigated primary and early-childhood teacher education students' understandings and beliefs about the influence of gender on their careers and life choices, and suggested more effective strategies for fostering gender awareness in teacher education.
Abstract: This article reports on an investigation of primary and early‐childhood teacher‐education students’ understandings and beliefs about the influence of gender on their careers and life choices. The research was undertaken by a collaborative team from three Victorian universities. We took as our premiss that if teacher‐education students are to be effective in promoting gender inclusiveness throughout the schooling culture, they must first reflect on the operation of the sex/gender system in their own lives. A range of viewpoints are included about the gendered understandings commonly held by the tertiary students surveyed. The resulting insights enabled us to suggest more effective strategies for fostering gender awareness in teacher education.
19 citations
07 Sep 1995
TL;DR: It is shown that object encapsulation provides the necessary support for such a model of multiple viewpoints, and it is considered how this might be supported by using object-oriented variants of Z.
Abstract: There have been a number of proposals to split the specification of large and complex systems into a number of inter-related specifications, called viewpoints. Such a model of multiple viewpoints forms the cornerstone of the Open Distributed Processing (ODP) standardisation initiative. We address two of the technical problems concerning the use of formal techniques within multiple viewpoint models: these are unification and consistency checking. We discuss the software engineering implications of using viewpoints, and show that object encapsulation provides the necessary support for such a model. We then consider how this might be supported by using object-oriented variants of Z.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors look at the issue of free trade with Mexico and other low wage rate countries from the viewpoints of their disciplines, and conclude that these disciplines differ on their priorities and analytical methods, not on their objectives.
Abstract: The authors, one an ethicist and the other an economist, look at the issue of free trade with Mexico and other low wage rate countries from the viewpoints of their disciplines. The conclusion of the paper is that these disciplines differ on their priorities and analytical methods, not on their objectives.
11 citations
TL;DR: The ACTS project (Activating Children's Thinking) as discussed by the authors is a wide ranging initiative to promote the development of thinking skills in Northern Ireland classrooms and SMILES (Simulated Methods for Interactive Learning of Environmental Systems) is analysing children's understanding of environmental concepts within a systems framework.
Abstract: The paper identifies recent trends in instructional research which point to changing viewpoints on how to develop children's thinking skills. Three current projects at Queen's University Belfast, consistent with these viewpoints, are described. The ACTS project (Activating Children's Thinking) is a wide ranging initiative to promote the development of thinking skills in Northern Ireland classrooms. The second project, SMILES (Simulated Methods for Interactive Learning of Environmental Systems), is analysing children's understanding of environmental concepts within a systems framework, with a focus on computer-aided instruction. The final project on mathematics education is the result of a long-standing research programme and has been recently associated with the production of a set of commercially available textbooks called Oxford Mathematics.
Book•
01 Feb 1995
TL;DR: The authors introduce students to contorversies in science and technology, which represent the arguments of leading commentators, relflect a variety of viewpoints, and are grouped around themes such as the environment, the computer revolution and ethics.
Abstract: This debate-style reader introduces students to contorversies in science and technology. The readings, which represent the arguments of leading commentators, relflect a variety of viewpoints. Issues are grouped around themes such as the environment, the computer revolution and ethics.
Journal Article•
01 Nov 1995
TL;DR: This report considers how global consistency can be obtained from binary consistency (between any arbitrary number of viewpoints) and documents a number of different classes of consistency checking.
Abstract: Viewpoint models of system development are becoming increasingly important. A major requirement for viewpoints modelling is to be able to check that the multiple viewpoint specifications are consistent with one another. The work presented in this report makes a contribution to this task. Our work is particularly influenced by the viewpoints model used in the ISO standardisation architecture for Open Distributed Processing. This report focuses on the issue of strategies for consistency checking. In particular, it considers how global consistency (between any arbitrary number of viewpoints) can be obtained from binary consistency (between two viewpoints). The report documents a number of different classes of consistency checking, from those that are very poorly behaved to those that are very well behaved. The report is intended as a companion to the work presented in [1] and it should be read in association with this document. In particular, the body of this report is a single chapter which should be viewed as additional to the chapters included in [1]. This report contains complete proofs of all relevant results, even though some of the results are obvious and some of the proofs are trivial. A much compressed version of the report is being submitted for publication. Thus, the main value of this report is as a reference document for readers who require a complete presentation of the technical. [1] E. Boiten, H. Bowman, J. Derrick and M. Steen ''Cross Viewpoint Consistency in Open Distributed Processing (Intra Language Consistency)'', Technical Report, Computing Laboratory, University of Kent at Canterbury, report No. 8-95, 1995. Phone: +44 1227 827913, Fax: 44 1227 762811 Email: H.Bowman,E.A.Boiten,J.Derrick,mwas@ukc.ac.uk.
Book•
08 Aug 1995
TL;DR: The book considers the changing face of resource sharing within the context of a rapidly exploding information landscape, and it investigates critical dimensions of network developments as they relate to access and delivery of data and "documents" in multiple media.
Abstract: Visionary thinkers reflect on key aspects of the contemporary information landscape in Networks and Resource Sharing in the 21st Century. In this thought-provoking volume, contributing authors provide multiple lenses from different industry viewpoints to help readers understand current opportunities and challenges facing information providers and their organizations. These authors provide analysis, propose inventions, cite barriers, and target opportunities, stimulating readers to devise solutions appropriate to their personal situations. The book considers the changing face of resource sharing within the context of a rapidly exploding information landscape, and it investigates critical dimensions of network developments as they relate to access and delivery of data and "documents" in multiple media. It helps readers understand the escalating changes which are irrevocably altering their professional environment and information access choices. Networks and Resource Sharing in the 21st Century is divided into three sections. Contextual Viewpoints sets the stage for considering the subject. Converging Technologies discusses converging computing and telecommunications technologies which promise to transform information systems as they are known today. Musts, Can'ts, and Myths investigates implications of today's emerging trends for information professionals’ futures. Topics addressed in individual chapters include:an examination of the library environment and the work of librarians in the emerging digital worldmodels of strategic issue analysis and their applicability to past, present, and future issues related to library networkingthe effect of multimedia technology on sharing of resources, and issues and barriers associated with multimediasci-tech information resources and information networks in Western Europethe future of bibliographic utilitiesthe future of digital collections. Networks and Resource Sharing in the 21st Century provides a much-needed context to aid readers as they shape the resource sharing environment of tomorrow. It is a stimulating guide for practicing librarians, MLS students, and network staff as they strive to make libraries and information centers a vital part of the future.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: There is an increasing population of older people, many of whom need health and social care, and it is important to obtain their viewpoints in order to provide services that meet their needs.
Abstract: 1. There is an increasing population of older people, many of whom need health and social care. 2. It is important to obtain their viewpoints in order to provide services that meet their needs. 3. Consideration must be given to the way their views are obtained. 4. The information must be fed back to service providers.
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: This article argued that technology is not neutral but made up of ideas and values of those who own and control the technology, and that education is the key to a more equitable society where alternative viewpoints can be heard.
Abstract: In assessing the role that new technology plays in transforming the lot of society in general, and women in particular, this paper works on the premise that technology is not neutral but made up of ideas and values of those who own and control the technology. For a more equitable society where alternative viewpoints can be heard, the authors argue, education is the key.
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: Researching the learning of geometrical concepts in the secondary classroom presents both problems and opportunities, with significant opportunities both to influence policy decisions and to contribute to both theoretical and practical debates regarding the teaching and learning of geometry.
Abstract: Researching the learning of geometrical concepts in the secondary classroom presents both problems and opportunities The specification of the geometry curriculum, the need to concretise abstract geometrical objects for classroom activities, the role of the teacher and the need to reconsider geometrical notions from different viewpoints are all factors which affect the acquisition of geometrical concepts by pupils These factors can provide problems for the researcher Yet there are also significant opportunities both to influence policy decisions and to contribute to both theoretical and practical debates regarding the teaching and learning of geometry