Showing papers on "Water treatment published in 1974"

Water recycle treatment system for use in metal processing

Abstract: A water recycle treatment system comprising two main treatment sub-systems for treatment of contaminated water from a plurality of concentrated solutions and rinse baths to separate out the impurities therein. A first sub-system treats less concentrated solutions used for the rinse baths by channeling the flow therefrom to a first neutralizing tank which provides for pH control to produce a mixed output solution having a substantially constant pH factor, which is filtered to remove gross particles, the filtered solution being cooled in a holding tank and passed through a reverse osmosis process and carbon bed to produce clean water. The second sub-system treats highly concentrated solutions obtained from a plurality of chemical processes, mixes them in a second neutralizing tank which is utilized to produce a substantially constant pH output, which is fed to an evaporator to precipitate the metals and salts in sludge and also forms a water vapor output. The reverse osmosis waste is fed back into the second neutralizing tank and processed as noted above.

Effects of Deposit Resuspension on Settling Basin

Abstract: Scouring of deposits is one of the major factors in designing sedimentation basins for water and wastewater treatment systems. To express the degree of deposit resuspension a scouring parameter is introduced into a dispersion model. The parameter is taken into account in one of the boundary conditions of two-dimensional diffusion equation, which is simplified into a one-dimensional dispersion model. The scouring parameter is related to the longitudinal dispersion coefficient by a model experiment. On the basis of the mathematical expression developed, the existence of the optimum depth of a rectangular settling basin has been theoretically and has been experimentally verified.

Method and installation for the treatment of waste water to form useful water

Abstract: A method for the treatment of waste water to form useful water, comprising the steps of subjecting the waste water to a chemical flocculation treatment, floating the formed turbid portion of the waste water, and subjecting the clarified water to reverse osmosis filtration. The waste water treatment plant or installation for the performance of the aforesaid method comprises, in combination, apparatus for carrying out the chemical flocculation treatment, an electro flotation installation, and a reverse osmosis installation.

Method for eliminating organic and inorganic bound nitrogen from domestic and industrial waste water

Abstract: A method of eliminating organic and inorganic bound nitrogen from domestic and industrial waste water in a biological waste water treatment plant consisting of two in series connected stages each containing an aeration tank and a subsequently connected settling basin. Waste water entering the treatment plant will be aerated in the first stage aeration tank and subsequently will be introduced for settling into the settling basin, where the overflow is removed free of oxygen and introduced into the second stage where it will be again aerated and subsequently introduced into the settling basin of the second stage. According to the invention there are carried out the steps of aerating the waste water which is free of oxygen containing ammonia and removing it from the settling basin of the first stage to the aeration tank of the second stage while providing favorable conditions for as extensive as possible nitrification of the ammonia, continuously recirculating a portion of the waste water nitrified in this manner from the settling basin of the second stage to the first stage, and denitrifying such recirculated portion of the waste water in the settling basin of the first stage where there are provided favorable conditions for the ammonification of the organic bound nitrogen and for the denitrification of the nitrate in the influent and the nitrate in the recirculated effluents.

Domestic wash water reclamation for reuse as commode water supply using filtration: Reverse-osmosis separation technique

Abstract: A combined filtration-reverse-osmosis water recovery system has been evaluated to determine its capability to reclaim domestic wash water for reuse as a commode water supply. The system produced water that met all chemical and physical requirements established by the U.S. Public Health Service for drinking water with the exception of carbon chloroform extractables, methylene blue active substances, and phenols. It is thought that this water is of sufficient quality to be reused as commode supply water. The feasibility of using a combined filtration and reverse-osmosis technique for reclaiming domestic wash water has been established. The use of such a technique for wash-water recovery will require a maintenance filter to remove solid materials including those less than 1 micron in size from the wash water. The reverse-osmosis module, if sufficiently protected from plugging, is an attractive low-energy technique for removing contaminants from domestic wash water.

Modified system for heavy water production

Abstract: In a heavy water isotopic separation process wherein hydrogen sulphide is separated from waste water and recirculated back to the process by absorption into incoming feed water, the pressures of feed water and the pressure of gas extracted from the waste water are controlled to permit reabsorption of the gas without intermediate recompression

Water‐Treatment‐Plant Waste Disposal — Part 3

Abstract: Part 1 of this article described the facilities, operation, and primary concentration studies at the Sturgeon Point, NY water-treatment plant of the Erie County Water Authority Part 2 reviewed and discussed pilot-plant studies of ten possible systems for alum sludge treatment and disposal at that plant Based on these studies, the systems considered most feasible for application at the Sturgeon Point plant are Pressure filtration Precoat rotaryvacuum filtration Scroll centrifugation Freeze-thaw followed by vacuum filtration Alum recovery followed by horizontal vacuum filtration

Heat-source regulated circulating water heater - with regulators adjustment of supply ducts temperature influenced by cold water supply temperature

Abstract: The circulating water heating system incorporates a heat source e.g. geyser which can be adjusted for output, a heat-exchanger heated by this and connectable to another heat-exchanger for draw-off water heating, circulating pump, and regulator for reading off the temperature of the supply duct between heat-exchanger and draw-off water treatment unit and controlling the heat source. The regulator for the heat source adjusts the temperature of the supply duct according to the output derived from the draw-off water treatment unit, being affected in this process by the temperature of the cold water intake, which may accommodate a heat sensor and water switch connected in series. A constant outflow temperature for the draw-off water can be achieved independently of flow and temperature of the cold water intake.

UV-Ozone Water Oxidation/Sterilization Process.

Abstract: : The purpose of this program was to determine the feasibility of purifying water using the combination of ozone and ultraviolet radiation. It was discovered from in-house efforts that this combination of purifying agents was an effective means of removing bacteria and organic contaminants in water. The initial objective of this program was to define the levels of ozone and UV radiation required to destroy predetermined concentrations of microbial contaminants and organic substances in water. These contaminants were representative of those often found in waste water effluents encountered by the Army and NASA. The study was divided into two parallel efforts, a microbiological study and an organic study. The microbiological investigation has shown that the combination of UV and ozone is more effective in destroying E. coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pnumoniae and Acanthamoeba castellanii than UV or ozone alone. In the organic tests, the test organic compounds selected were hydroquinone, pyrogallol, xylenol, sodium acetate and urea.

The potable water system in Skylab

Abstract: Description of the medical requirements, development, system operation, and in-flight performance of the Skylab potable water system. Emphasized is the description of the unique features involving new space-flight concepts, procedures, and design incorporated in Skylab. The water supplied to the three Skylab missions was preloaded in stainless-steel tanks. These tanks were fitted with positive expulsion stainless-steel bellows. In-flight iodination of the water, for bacterial control, was accomplished as required. An in-flight bactericide monitor was used periodically to determine the level of bactericide in the water. Prior to the delivery of the water to the crewmen for consumption, the water was passed through a cation exchange resin for metallic ion removal and then heated for food reconstitution or chilled for drinking.

Use of Reverse Osmosis and Ultrafiltration for Removing Microorganisms from water.

Abstract: : The report covers the investigation of the capability of reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration membrane water purification systems in removal of bacteria from water. Results of the study indicate that reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration membranes are highly effective in removal of bacteria from water. Performance, operating procedures, and design are discussed.

Removal of f2 Virus from River Water by Army Water Purification Units.

Abstract: : The report covers a field study conducted at Fort Meade, Maryland, to determine the capabilitties of two water purification units for the removal of coliform organisms and a cultured virus (f2 bacteriophage) from Little Patuxent River water. The study was conducted in conjunction with the Johns Hopkins University Environmental Health Department. The results of this study indicate that the prototype reverse osmosis water purification unit employing cationic polymer addition, prefiltration, and hypochlorination and the standard water purification unit employing coagulation, filtration, and hypochlorination are both capable of effectively reducing the concentrations in a natural water of coliform organisms and f2 virus to undetectable levels.

Electromagnetic Fields in Water Treatment

Abstract: 111 Properties and characteristics of colloidal systems are reviewed with a discussion of colloid syste~ to be found in natural and wastewaters. Current electric and magnetic field theory are reviewed and summarized to provide practical application of the theory to engineering problems in the environmental field. Literature of colloidal reactions to electrical and magnetic fields is discussed and reviewed to ascertain areas of potential application of electric and magnetic phenomena to natural and wastewater treatment systems having objectionable colloid suspensions. It is concluded that application of electrical fields (electrophoresis) does not currently hold much promise for practical applications in water treatment systems. However, an understanding of colloid systems and electrophoresis is strongly recommended for personnel involved in chemical treatment of waters. It is shown that there has been considerable research and many applications of magnetic field treatment of waters by the Russians, most analysis of which is perfonned in an empirical manner, that tends to cloud the phenomena with an aura of mysticism. Practical applications of magnetic field phenomena to water treatment systems involving ferromagnetic colloidal suspensions appears promising and research into this area 1s

Flowable flocculants for water treatment

Abstract: A fluidized flocculant being a dispersion of from about 5 to 60 weight percent of finely ground polyacrylamides in a fluid, water soluble polyhydric alcohol carrier. The fluidized flocculant is prepared as a dispersion having a particle size of less than 75 microns and can be metered and pumped into a water stream and mixed therewith to form a flocculant solution that can be readily metered and pumped into water to be clarified.

Electro-chemical water treatment plant - using nascent oxygen ozone and ultraviolet irradiation

Abstract: The water to be purified is fed via a tangential inlet into a circular tank whose shell is earthed and above which a glass dielectric plate or dish carrying a high voltage external electrode so that the field is formed between that electrode and the surface of the water in the tank, controlled in height by the position of the outlet part for effluent. This field causes a fine droplet spray to be drawn from the water surface into the air gap where it is intimately mixed with the nascent O1 and the O3 and the UV energy level produced ensures thorough bactericidal action. Ammonia etc. are oxidised into nitrites/nitrates.

Chlorine Disinfection of Low Temperature Waters

Abstract: This study evaluated chlorine disinfection of water at controlled temperatures of 0.5°C, 4°C, 8°C, 12°C, 16°C, and 20°C. Bacterial tests were made by the membrane filter technique. The indicator bacteria were a pure culture of E. coli. In the 0°C-8°C temperature range, the quantity of chlorine necessary to achieve a desired level of disinfection is dependent solely on the numbers of E. coli initially present in the water. Alkalinity (as CaCO 3 ) in the 0-100 mg/l range and pH in the 6-8 range have no statistically significant effect on the chlorine disinfection rate in the 0-12°C temperature range. Calcium in the water in concentrations as low as 1 mg/l reduces the rate of chlorine disinfection. The data and findings from the study were used to develop a model for plant operators showing the chlorine dose required to achieve a desired level of disinfection for E. coli concentrations in the ranges, 5 x 10 7 , 5 x 10 5 , and 5 x 10³ or less per 100 ml.

Fresh Water for Arizona by Salt Replacement Desalination

Abstract: The lack of fresh water to meet the requirements of Arizona's agriculture, municipalities, and industry has been a serious constraint to the development of the state. Several methods of water supply augmentation and conservation have traditionally been employed. The electrodialysis desalination facility used to augment the municipal water supply of Buckeye, Arizona, a plant constructed in the mid1960's, is leading the way to a modern approach of practical water supply augmentation. Conventional desalination processes have only been able to. aid in such municipal, and industrial, water demand since the marginal cost of agricultural water has been by far exceeded by the product water cost of these processes. Although large bodies of saline groundwater and river water are available in the state these sources have not lent themselves to such treatment because of the cost constraints. The process of salt replacement desalination proposed herein is believed to be able to produce vast quantities of fresh water by desalination which may be used in all aspects of water demand in Arizona, including agriculture.

A Method for Integrating Surface and Ground Water Use in Humid Regions.

Abstract: : The report attempts to examine and quantify the role of ground water in future allocations of surface water storage for water supply. It identifies the circumstances under which integrated use of ground and surface water may be desirable in humid regions such as the Appalachian. The report develops a methodology for analysis and includes a case study. (Author)

Sewage and water treatment with aldehyde modified quaternary salts of vinylpyridine copolymers

Abstract: Sewage and water are chemically conditioned with modified quaternary salts of vinylpyridine copolymers. Coagulation, flocculation, and filtration in sewage and water treatment processes are significantly improved by the use of the aforesaid modified quaternary salts.