Showing papers on "Women's work published in 1987"

Women's work, sibling competition and children's school performance

Abstract: This research offers an interpretation of the relationship between fertility, child spacing, family resources, and market work by mothers, and the subsequent cognitive skills of grade schoolers as reported by their teachers First, an approach to fertility as the outcome of a deliberate choice process is developed, and then empirical evidence from a small panel of US households first interviewed in 1975-76 when they had preschool children is presented In a 1981-82 reinterview, a supplementary project was that of obtaining teacher ratings of school performance of individual children Large family size, as measured by the number of siblings of given age and sex in the household during preschool years (in 1975-76), has an important, negative impact on the child's subsequent grade-school performance Boy siblings in nearby age ranges have the most negative impact on performance while teenage siblings of either sex have no systematic adverse effect Parental resources, as measured by income, education, child-care time, and a mother's reduced market time are associated with greater cognitive skills, and can offset the apparent disadvantage of having siblings in nearby age intervals There appears to be a significant tradeoff between a market career and a home career for women Women who have more children spaced over wider age intervals and who devote more time to child care and less to market work presumably get more benefits from their home career in the form of enhanced child development On the other hand, full-time market work (ie, hours in the labor market for pay) is important for earnings growth of the mother (Mary Corcoran, Greg Duncan, and Michael Ponza, 1983), and family income has a favorable effect on school performance, so the apparent choices facing women are more equivocal

“…The Most Free From Objection …” The Sexual Division of Labor and Women's Work in Nineteenth-Century England

Abstract: Most explanations of trends in women's work emphasize women's role in childbearing, along with technological and organizational changes in production. The explanations neglect an important factor: the need to control sexuality in order to secure demographic order. Segregated employment enabled almost all family members to work, while discouraging heterosexual intimacy. Nineteenth-century attitudes illustrate the anxiety felt when unrelated men and women worked together. The argument is tested by correlating regional variation in illegitimacy, as a measure of failed social control, with variation in sex segregation.

Hidden Aspects of Women's Work

Abstract: Preface "Introduction: Considerations in the Study of Women and Work" The Women and Work Research Group Part I: Structures, Patterns, and Ideologies Part II: Links Between the Public and Private Spheres Part III: Consciousness and Resistance Bibliography Index About the Authors

An Example of Traditional Women's Work as a Mathematics Resource.

Abstract: \"Ex Ahica semper aliquid novi\" Pliny is supposed to have written: \"There is always something new from Africa \" Part of the newness of Paulus Gerdes' work in Mozambique [Gerdes 1986a] is that he offers \"non-standard problems\", easily solved by many illiterate Mozarnbiquan artisans, to members of the international mathematics education communitywho cannot (at first) do them They have trouble in constructing angles of 90,60 and 45 degrees and regular hexagons out of strips of paper, problems which are no trouble at all to people for whom the intellectual and practical art of weaving is a necessary part of life Recently I have been offering to experienced teachers and teachers in training some of the \"non-standard pwblems\" that are easily solved by any woman brought up to make her or her family's clothes* Many of the male teachers are so unfamiliar with the construction and even shape and size of their own garments that they cannot at first perceive that all you need to make a sweater (apart from the technology and tools) is an understanding of ratio and that all you need to make a shirt is an understanding of right-angled and parallel lines, the idea of area, some symmetry, some optimisation and the ability to work from 2-dimensional plans to 3-dimensional forms What makes the problems non-standard is the viewpoint of those who set the standards Gerdes' work, and the work of others in the field of ethnomathematics offer a rather threatening confrontation to the traditional standard setters. Gerdes is up against a number of factors that until recently have tried to determine the education, or previous lack of it, in his country The freshness of his work is his illustration of the mathematics that already exists in Mozambiquan culture and how he is setting about \"defrosting\" it It is interesting to take Gerdes' analysis and his energy and commitment and to apply them worldwide and in the different context of women's culture There will be those who will maintain that \"women\" is too wide a term to allow of a single culture, but the \"set of women who make and use textiles in home-making\" would certainly seem to fit the definition of culture used by Wilder [1981] in his Mathematics as a cultural system In mathematical activity, women lose out in two ways Until very recently, in most histories of mathematics

Women's Work Plans: Contrasting Expectations and Actual Work Experience.

Abstract: The authors use data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Labor Market Experience of Young Women in the United States to examine how young womens plans affect their subsequent work experiences and earnings The results suggest that "eighty percent of women with work plans were in the labor force while 50 percent who did not plan to work were employed; those women with consistent work expectations earned higher wages" (EXCERPT)

Women's Work: The Role of Grandparents in Inter-Generational Transfers:

Abstract: This article surveys the role of grandparents in providing a continuing level of material support in 61 households with dependent children in an inner city area. It concludes that assistance is structured by gender, income level, household financial organisation, residential proximity, need and ideology. In terms of the provision of continuing support to households with young children, grandparents are important but grandmothers give more assistance than grandfathers and they direct it where it is most needed. It is important for grandmothers to have access to paid work. The ideology of assistance is differentiated by class. In professional families the married couple is the unit of transfer but for working class families the solidarity of female relatives, in particular, of daughters and mothers and mothers-in-law, is more important.

Washington's Yard Sales: Women's Work, But Not for the Money

Abstract: THIS PAPER EXPLORES the reasons for the proliferation of yard sales in middleclass areas of Washington. The hypothesis that these sales should be regarded as more than an economic activity was confirmed. The sales are seen as a satisfying means of providing a social arena where the business of buying and selling is integrated into an occasion of social interaction. Women are the major actors, both as sellers and buyers, and this is explained as satisfying social bonding goals not as readily available to them as to men. [yard sales, urban sociability, companionship, women's work]

Women's work and wages — Britain and Australia Pre 1914

Abstract: (1987). Women's work and wages — Britain and Australia Pre 1914. Journal of Australian Studies: Vol. 11, No. 21, pp. 60-79.

Women's work and the demand for children in Hong Kong.

Abstract: The relationship between fertility demand and work supply among married women in Hong Kong is explored using data from a 10 percent sample of the 1976 by-census. The results indicate that the presence of young children encourages women to seek work but of the kind they can do at home. The existence of this kind of work is also shown to lead to increased fertility. (ANNOTATION)

Studying Women's Work in Latin America: Reflections on the Direction of Feminist Scholarship

Abstract: Sellers and Servants: Working Women in Lima, Peru. Ximena Bunster and Elsa M. Chaney. Photography by Ellan Young (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1985). Women's Work: Development and the Division of Labor by Gender. Eleanor Leacock and Helen I. Safa (eds.) (South Hadley, MA: Bergin and Garvey Publishers, 1986). Women and Change in Latin America. June Nash and Helen Safa (eds.) (South Hadley, MA: Bergin and Garvey Publishers, 1986).