A. Benedict Cosimi

TL;DR: Five patients with end-stage renal disease received combined bone marrow and kidney transplants from HLA single-haplotype mismatched living related donors, with the use of a nonmyeloablative preparative regimen, and it was possible to discontinue all immunosuppressive therapy 9 to 14 months after the transplantation.

TL;DR: Current antirejection therapy, including calcineurin blockers such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus, the interleukin-2 signal-transduction inhibitor sirolimus and the purine-synthesis inhibitor mycophenolate mofetil are discussed, which inhibits the proliferation of T cells and B cells.

TL;DR: The incidence of acute humoral rejection in renal allograft biopsies has been difficult to determine because widely accepted diagnostic criteria have not been established and non-HLA antibodies or subthreshold levels of DSA were detected in posttransplant recipient sera.

TL;DR: C4d can be used to separate this group of CR from the nonspecific category of chronic allograft nephropathy and may have the potential to guide successful therapeutic intervention and support the hypothesis that a substantial fraction of CR is mediated by antibody (immunologically active).

TL;DR: Using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry, serially monitored lymphocyte subpopulations in renal-allograft recipients treated with either conventional immunosuppression or a monoclynal antibody allows the precise determination of changes in T-cell subsets and promises the development of therapeutic protocols that can be designed to manipulate selected lymphocyte populations.