Evaluation of thermal performance for a smart switchable adaptive polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) glazing

Wireless body area network (WBAN) applications have broad utility in monitoring patient health and transmitting the data wirelessly. WBAN can greatly benefit from wearable antennas. Wearable antennas provide comfort and continuity of the monitoring of the patient. Therefore, they must be comfortable, flexible, and operate without excessive degradation near the body. Most wearable antennas use a truncated ground, which increases specific absorption rate (SAR) undesirably. A full ground ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna is proposed and utilized here to attain a broad bandwidth while keeping SAR in the acceptable range based on both 1 g and 10 g standards. It is designed on a denim substrate with a dielectric constant of 1.4 and thickness of 0.7 mm alongside the ShieldIt conductive textile. The antenna is fed using a ground coplanar waveguide (GCPW) through a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) transition. This transition creates a perfect match while reducing SAR. In addition, the proposed antenna has a bandwidth (BW) of 7-28 GHz, maximum directive gain of 10.5 dBi and maximum radiation efficiency of 96%, with small dimensions of 60 × 50 × 0.7 mm3. The good antenna's performance while it is placed on the breast shows that it is a good candidate for both breast cancer imaging and WBAN.

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/12/3/322/pdf

Full Ground Ultra-Wideband Wearable Textile Antenna for Breast Cancer and Wireless Body Area Network Applications

A type of telecommunication technology called an ultra-wideband (UWB) is used to provide a typical solution for short-range wireless communication due to large bandwidth and low power consumption in transmission and reception. Printed monopole antennas are considered as a preferred platform for implementing this technology because of its alluring characteristics such as light weight, low cost, ease of fabrication, integration capability with other systems, etc. Therefore, a compact-sized ultra-wideband (UWB) printed monopole antenna with improved gain and efficiency is presented in this article. Computer simulation technology microwave studio (CSTMWS) software is used to build and analyze the proposed antenna design technique. This broadband printed monopole antenna contains a jug-shaped radiator fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) technique. The designed UWB antenna is fabricated on a low-cost FR-4 substrate with relative permittivity of 4.3, loss tangent of 0.025, and a standard height of 1.6 mm, sized at 25 mm × 22 mm × 1.6 mm, suitable for wireless communication system. The designed UWB antenna works with maximum gain (peak gain of 4.1 dB) across the whole UWB spectrum of 3–11 GHz. The results are simulated, measured, and debated in detail. Different parametric studies based on numerical simulations are involved to arrive at the optimal design through monitoring the effects of adding cuts on the performance of the proposed antennas. Therefore, these parametric studies are optimized to achieve maximum antenna bandwidth with relatively best gain. The proposed patch antenna shape is like a jug with a handle that offers greater bandwidth, good gain, higher efficiency, and compact size.

/pdf/a-jug-shaped-cpw-fed-ultra-wideband-printed-monopole-antenna-92grir6e.pdf

A Jug-Shaped CPW-Fed Ultra-Wideband Printed Monopole Antenna for Wireless Communications Networks

In the context of sustainability and in the face of ambitious goals towards the reduction of CO2 emission, the modification of transparency in architecture becomes an important tool of energy flow management into the building. Windows that dim to stop the energy transfer reduce the cooling load in the building. Recently, however, the latest achievements in the development of electrochromic materials allowed us to integrate some additional—previously unknown—functionalities into EC devices. The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of recent technological innovations in the field of smart windows and present the possibilities of recently established functionalities. This review article outlines recent general progress in electrochromic but concentrates on multicolour and neutral black electrochromism, spectrally selective systems, electrochromic energy storage windows, hybrid EC/TC systems, OLED lighting integrated with the EC device, and EC devices powered by solar cells. The review was based on the most recent publication from the years 2015–2020 recorded in the databases WoS and Scopus.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/17/9604/pdf

A Systematic Review of the Most Recent Concepts in Smart Windows Technologies with a Focus on Electrochromics

Design of a novel detector based on photonic crystal nanostructure for ultra-high performance detection of cells with diabetes

Diabetes is rapidly becoming a serious and life-threatening disease. It affects 415 million persons worldwide and is a leading cause of death among those aged 20 to 59. It is essential to develop a rapid-detection, accurate and sensitive glucose detector. In this work, a biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is proposed theoretically for the detection of glucose concentration. To realize higher sensitivity, the proposed SPR sensor contains a barium titanate layer placed between the metal (Ag) thin film and the molybdenum disulphide layer. Barium titanate material shows notable dielectric properties, such as low loss and a high index of refraction. It is expected to give a large shift in the resonance angle caused by a tiny change in the analyte refractive index. By optimizing the thicknesses of barium titanate and Ag and the number of molybdenum disulphide layers, the proposed biosensor can exhibit an ultra-high sensitivity of 307.36 deg RIU−1. The extremely high sensitivity makes the proposed SPR-based biosensor encouraging to be used in many fields of biosensing.

Detection of glucose concentration using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on barium titanate layers and molybdenum disulphide sheets

This paper presents a metamaterial-based flexible wearable ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for breast imaging and wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. The wearable antenna is required to be a planar and low-profile structure using flexible materials. The proposed antenna comprises two layers of denim (10 × 10 mm2) and felt (10 × 15 mm2). The antenna was integrated with six metamaterial unit cells using a modified grain rice shape within a split ring resonator to enhance the bandwidth, gain, and directivity and reduce the specific absorption rate value to less than 2 W/kg. The proposed antenna operates within a broad bandwidth range (6.5 GHz–35 GHz) with the maximum gain and directivity of 8.85 dBi and 10 dBi, respectively, and a radiation efficiency of more than 70% over its operating frequency band. The results verified good agreement between the simulation and measurement of the proposed technique in detecting an existing tumor with a diameter of 4 mm from any location inside the breast. The results convincingly proved the capability of the proposed wearable UWB antenna system for both WBAN and breast imaging applications.

/pdf/metamaterial-based-wearable-flexible-elliptical-uwb-antenna-48zab6dpmg.pdf

Metamaterial-based wearable flexible elliptical UWB antenna for WBAN and breast imaging applications

The coded cooperative communication technique utilizes single antenna mobiles in a multi-user environment that share their antennas and incorporate channel coding schemes in order to achieve transmit diversity. This letter presents a new coded cooperation system based on Reed Solomon codes. The RS codes are very effective in correcting random symbol errors and random burst errors over fading channels. The new coded cooperation system splits the data into two frames, using a vector arithmetic operation. The performance of the new system as compared to the coded cooperation system that utilizes the Rate-Compatible Punctured Convolutional (RCPC) coded cooperation is significantly superior with improvement for full diversity gain is around 10dB under variety slow fading channel conditions.

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/elex/7/1/7_1_27/_pdf

Coded cooperation using Reed Solomon codes in slow fading channel

Today, cancer disease is a significant reason for the death of many patients. In many cases, cancer is diagnosed after metastasized during the body. Thus, the earlier detection gives a better opportunity for treatment and cure. A simple 1-D binary photonic crystal with a defect layer is proposed with the structure (Si/SiO2)N/Defect/(Si/SiO2)N as a detector for cancerous cells. The defect layer is taken here as the patient's blood sample. Compared with the normal blood sample, the cancerous samples lead to a considerable change in the refractive index. This index variation leads to a shift in the resonant mode position which can be used to diagnose cancer cells. The transfer matrix method is employed to analyze the structure. The number of periods, defect layer thickness and incident angle are investigated to maximize the sensitivity. The sensitivity is calculated at optimized conditions and found as 2400.08 nm/RIU. This sensitivity is extremely high when compared to the most recent biosensors. All the sensor performance parameters are calculated and discussed. 

/pdf/highly-sensitive-nano-biosensor-based-on-a-binary-photonic-2w19tnbp.pdf

A. H. M. Almawgani

Papers

Detection of glucose concentration using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on barium titanate layers and molybdenum disulphide sheets

Metamaterial-based wearable flexible elliptical UWB antenna for WBAN and breast imaging applications

Coded cooperation using Reed Solomon codes in slow fading channel

Highly sensitive nano-biosensor based on a binary photonic crystal for cancer cell detection

Detection of Blood Plasma Concentration Theoretically Using SPR-Based Biosensor Employing Black Phosphor Layers and Different Metals