http://dns2.asia.edu.tw/~ysho/YSHO-English/1000%20WC/PDF/Pro%20Bio34,%20451.pdf

Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes

An inventory of heavy metals inputs to agricultural soils in England and Wales.

Fluorescence as a potential monitoring tool for recycled water systems: a review.

Heavy metals are released into the environment by both anthropogenic and natural sources. Highly reactive and often toxic at low concentrations, they may enter soils and groundwater, bioaccumulate in food webs, and adversely affect biota. Heavy metals also may remain in the environment for years, posing long-term risks to life well after point sources of heavy metal pollution have been removed. In this review, we compile studies of the community-level effects of heavy metal pollution, including heavy metal transfer from soils to plants, microbes, invertebrates, and to both small and large mammals (including humans). Many factors contribute to heavy metal accumulation in animals including behavior, physiology, and diet. Biotic effects of heavy metals are often quite different for essential and non-essential heavy metals, and vary depending on the specific metal involved. They also differ for adapted organisms, including metallophyte plants and heavy metal-tolerant insects, which occur in naturally high-metal habitats (such as serpentine soils) and have adaptations that allow them to tolerate exposure to relatively high concentrations of some heavy metals. Some metallophyte plants are hyperaccumulators of certain heavy metals and new technologies using them to clean metal-contaminated soil (phytoextraction) may offer economically attractive solutions to some metal pollution challenges. These new technologies provide incentive to catalog and protect the unique biodiversity of habitats that have naturally high levels of heavy metals.

/pdf/transfer-of-heavy-metals-through-terrestrial-food-webs-a-az81f8ytbd.pdf

Transfer of heavy metals through terrestrial food webs: a review

Sources of heavy metals in urban wastewater in Stockholm

Comparison of the partitioning of trace metals in the Humber and Mersey estuaries

A programme was undertaken in order to quantify the heavy-metal contribution from domestic sources with respect to total loads entering a chosen sewage-treatment works. Input waters, household cleaning and body-care products, and wastewater from household appliances, were sampled and analysed for heavy metals. The data were combined with literature values to predict the total load of heavy metals entering the sewage-treatment works from the study catchment.



This paper identifies the major domestic sources of heavy metals and quantifies them based upon a catchment model.

Heavy metals entering sewage-treatment works from domestic sources

Trace metals in the Severn estuary: a reappraisal

Kinetics of trace metal sorption to estuarine suspended particulate matter

The measured Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of a range of water samples, including river waters, sewage effluents and industrial effluents, has been compared with (a) absorbance and (b) fluorescence determinations on the same samples. Absorbance at 650 nm showed a moderately high, positive correlation with BOD for settled sewage effluent samples. This raises the possibility of the use of absorbance measurements in the development of a relatively inexpensive field instrument (or on-line monitor) which would provide an early warning of deteriorating quality in a sewage effluent discharge. The relationship between the relative importance of true absorbance (by dissolved species) and attenuation by particulate matter, as indicators of oxygen, demand should be investigated further. No clear association between absorbance and BOD was observed for industrial effluents or river waters. Sample fluorescence was not associated with BOD for sewage effluents, industrial effluents, or river waters.

A. M. Gunn

Papers

Comparison of the partitioning of trace metals in the Humber and Mersey estuaries

Heavy metals entering sewage-treatment works from domestic sources

Trace metals in the Severn estuary: a reappraisal

Kinetics of trace metal sorption to estuarine suspended particulate matter

Measurement of Absorbance and Fluorescence as Potential Alternatives to Bod