Showing papers in "Chemosphere in 1996"

TL;DR: A variability of risk estimation for PAH mixtures based on the toxic equivalency factor concept by a factor 2.6 is low and rather unreasonably precise, which underlines the importance of BaP as a surrogate compound of a PAH mixture.

TL;DR: The results indicate that biodegradation of hydrocarbons in the rhizosphere is stimulated by plant roots, and elimination of pollutants was accompanied by an increase in microbial numbers and activities.

TL;DR: The results indicated that the in vivo AChE inhibition test is selective, being very sensitive to detect toxicity of the organophosphates tested, and less time consuming, requires less human effort and produces less toxic waste than conventional acute bioassays and the in vitro A cholinesterase inhibition test.

TL;DR: In this paper, a modified version of Fick's first law based on theoretical computations for diffusivity in aggregated media, together with a soil water balance model run on a 1δ global grid, was used to make independent estimates of CH4 uptake by soils worldwide.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used activated carbon prepared from peanut hull (PHC), an agricultural waste byproduct, for the adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solution.

TL;DR: A review of the influence of temperature on sorption equilibrium and sorption kinetics for organic micropollutants is presented in this paper, where the slow desorption step is assumed to be a diffusion process.

TL;DR: Ambient air concentrations monitored over several years have shown a clear seasonal trend with higher PCDD/PCDF levels in winter and lower concentrations during summer, and results from short-term measurements cannot be used to calculate annual means for ambient air concentrations or deposition rates.

TL;DR: In this paper, complete polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener assignments and weight percent distributions for all major (> 0.5 wt %) PCB components of Aroclors 1221, 1232, 1242, 1016, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1262 were determined by DB-1 (polydimethylsiloxane) capillary GC columns.

TL;DR: In this article, a humic material was treated with simple organic compounds and followed by the change in molecular size distribution to gain further insight into the macromolecular behaviour of humic substances.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the oxidation kinetics and mechanisms of Reactive Red 120, Direct Blue 160, and Acid Blue 40 by H2O2/iron powder system in a well-mixed batch reactor.

TL;DR: In this article, natural humic lake water and aqueous solutions of humic substances were treated with ultraviolet (UV) radiation (λ = 254 nm), and the effects on the dissolved organic carbon content (DOC) and the absorbance at 254 nm and 460 nm (Abs460) were monitored and determined.

TL;DR: Polycyclic musk fragrances-substituted indane and tetraline derivatives-which are intensively utilized in cosmetics and detergents were determined in a total of 14 human adipose tissue samples and 5 human milk samples by GC/EI/MS in the SIM mode.

TL;DR: The anaerobic stage of the A/O system removes both color and COD and improves biodegradability of dyes for further aeroic treatment.

TL;DR: From the RP-HPLC analysis of the butanol-extractable phenolics at various growth stages, there appears to be a massive release of an assortment of less polar phenolics into the rhizosphere at the end of the season accompanying leaf senescence.

TL;DR: The resultant QSAR gave accurate prediction of the toxicity of alkyl, halogenated, alkoxy and aldehyde substituted phenols and an excellent correlation was obtained between toxicity and two parameters.

TL;DR: The influence of complexation by EDTA and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) on the toxicity of iron(III), cadmium, copper, mercury, lead and zinc was investigated in this article.

TL;DR: The application of a factor 100 to to the highest toxicity figure for each landfill leachate to extrapolate a Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC) revealed that in quite a number of cases the leachates need to be diluted by more than 10.000 times to make them innocuous for environmental biota.

TL;DR: The concentrations of non-nitro benzenoid musks found in human adipose tissue raise concern since very few toxicological data are available.

TL;DR: In contaminated field sites adjacent to primary zinc smelters, zinc is invariably present in soils at concentrations of at least 50 times that of cadmium, so deleterious effects of mixtures of these metals on populations of Collembola in such sites can be attributed to zinc rather than Cadmium.

TL;DR: In this paper, a list of areas for the elaboration of ESSD indicators to be used as a common framework for evaluating development activities in terms of environmental issues is presented.

TL;DR: Results indicate the applicability of the RTG-2 test as alternative protocol to estimate the acute toxicity of chemicals on fish without using live animals, and the inclusion of this test instead of standard toxicity tests on fish would provide a fully alternative system.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of chlorine content of chlorinated phenols on their oxidation kinetics by Fenton's reagent was evaluated through different kinetic studies, which indicated that the reactivity of chorophenols decreases with increasing substitution of chlorine on the aromatic ring.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the environmental hazard of 50 pesticides used in Italy by means of Hasse diagrams, a method based on graph theory, and the criteria they use for ranking are persistence and the physical-chemical properties, vapour pressure and water solubility, and yearly usage.

TL;DR: This paper provided the first time series estimates of global anthropogenic methane emissions from the mid-19th century to the present, using historical time series data, and found that anthropogenic emissions have increased from about 80 million tonnes per annum in 1860 to about 380 million tonnes in 1990.

TL;DR: In this article, four different layers of soil were sampled at ten sites at increasing distances from a blast furnace plant, and the relative contribution of PAHs differed between the source and the background profiles.

TL;DR: Seven linear and nonlinear BCF models based on log P have been compared in order to estimate their accuracy, predictive power, and domain of application and it was shown that the bilinear model log BCF was superior to the other studied models.

TL;DR: In this paper, the distributions of benzo[a]pyrene, hexachlorobiphenyl, and total organic carbon in a Lake Michigan sediment and a Florissant soil sample were determined and related to the known bioavailability of the compounds.

TL;DR: In this article, atrazine and pentachlorophenol degradation in aqueous solution by ultrasound has been performed at two frequencies: 20 kHz, 500 kHz, using the same acoustical power determined through the calorimetic method, the treatment was much more efficient at the higher frequency.

TL;DR: The inactivation of Escherichia coli was studied in presterilized surface water sample using titanium dioxide as the photocatalyst under irradiation of BLF Fluorescent lamps to evaluate first order rate equation N/N0 = e (-kIt).

TL;DR: Raw and treated water samples and tap water samples from four to six houses located on distribution lines where PVC pipe/tubing had been recently installed were collected in five Canadian municipalities and no organotin compounds were detected in raw water or treated water leaving the treatment plant, indicating that the organotin compound were leaching into the water from some component of the distribution system.