There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Machine Learning is the study of methods for programming computers to learn. Computers are applied to a wide range of tasks, and for most of these it is relatively easy for programmers to design and implement the necessary software. However, there are many tasks for which this is difficult or impossible. These can be divided into four general categories. First, there are problems for which there exist no human experts. For example, in modern automated manufacturing facilities, there is a need to predict machine failures before they occur by analyzing sensor readings. Because the machines are new, there are no human experts who can be interviewed by a programmer to provide the knowledge necessary to build a computer system. A machine learning system can study recorded data and subsequent machine failures and learn prediction rules. Second, there are problems where human experts exist, but where they are unable to explain their expertise. This is the case in many perceptual tasks, such as speech recognition, hand-writing recognition, and natural language understanding. Virtually all humans exhibit expert-level abilities on these tasks, but none of them can describe the detailed steps that they follow as they perform them. Fortunately, humans can provide machines with examples of the inputs and correct outputs for these tasks, so machine learning algorithms can learn to map the inputs to the outputs. Third, there are problems where phenomena are changing rapidly. In finance, for example, people would like to predict the future behavior of the stock market, of consumer purchases, or of exchange rates. These behaviors change frequently, so that even if a programmer could construct a good predictive computer program, it would need to be rewritten frequently. A learning program can relieve the programmer of this burden by constantly modifying and tuning a set of learned prediction rules. Fourth, there are applications that need to be customized for each computer user separately. Consider, for example, a program to filter unwanted electronic mail messages. Different users will need different filters. It is unreasonable to expect each user to program his or her own rules, and it is infeasible to provide every user with a software engineer to keep the rules up-to-date. A machine learning system can learn which mail messages the user rejects and maintain the filtering rules automatically. Machine learning addresses many of the same research questions as the fields of statistics, data mining, and psychology, but with differences of emphasis. Statistics focuses on understanding the phenomena that have generated the data, often with the goal of testing different hypotheses about those phenomena. Data mining seeks to find patterns in the data that are understandable by people. Psychological studies of human learning aspire to understand the mechanisms underlying the various learning behaviors exhibited by people (concept learning, skill acquisition, strategy change, etc.).

Machine learning

MKT 6009 Marketing Internship (0 semester credit hours) Student gains experience and improves skills through appropriate developmental work assignments in a real business environment. Student must identify and submit specific business learning objectives at the beginning of the semester. The student must demonstrate exposure to the managerial perspective via involvement or observation. At semester end, student prepares an oral or poster presentation, or a written paper reflecting on the work experience. Student performance is evaluated by the work supervisor. Pass/Fail only. Prerequisites: (MAS 6102 or MBA major) and department consent required. (0-0) S MKT 6244 Digital Marketing Strategy (2 semester credit hours) Executive Education Course. The course explores three distinct areas within marketing and sales namely, digital marketing, traditional sales prospecting, and executive sales organization and strategy. The continuing convergence of the digital marketing and sales funnels has created a strategic continuum from digital lead generation to digital sales. The course identifies the current composition of this digital continuum while providing opportunities to evaluate sales and marketing digital strategies. Prerequisites: MKT 6301 and instructor consent required. (2-0) Y MKT 6301 (SYSM 6318) Marketing Management (3 semester credit hours) Overview of marketing management methods, principles and concepts including product, pricing, promotion and distribution decisions as well as segmentation, targeting and positioning. (3-0) S MKT 6309 Marketing Data Analysis and Research (3 semester credit hours) Methods employed in market research and data analysis to understand consumer behavior, customer journeys, and markets so as to enable better decision-making. Topics include understanding different sources of data, survey design, experiments, and sampling plans. The course will cover the techniques used for market sizing estimation and forecasting. In addition, the course will cover the foundational concepts and techniques used in data visualization and \"story-telling\" for clients and management. Corequisites: MKT 6301 and OPRE 6301. (3-0) Y MKT 6310 Consumer Behavior (3 semester credit hours) An exposition of the theoretical perspectives of consumer behavior along with practical marketing implication. Study of psychological, sociological and behavioral findings and frameworks with reference to consumer decision-making. Topics will include the consumer decision-making model, individual determinants of consumer behavior and environmental influences on consumer behavior and their impact on marketing. Prerequisite: MKT 6301. (3-0) Y MKT 6321 Interactive and Digital Marketing (3 semester credit hours) Introduction to the theory and practice of interactive and digital marketing. Topics covered include: online-market research, consumer behavior, conversion metrics, and segmentation considerations; ecommerce, search and display advertising, audiences, search engine marketing, email, mobile, video, social networks, and the Internet of Things. (3-0) T MKT 6322 Internet Business Models (3 semester credit hours) Topics to be covered are: consumer behavior on the Internet, advertising on the Internet, competitive strategies, market research using the Internet, brand management, managing distribution and supply chains, pricing strategies, electronic payment systems, and developing virtual organizations. Further, students learn auction theory, web content design, and clickstream analysis. Prerequisite: MKT 6301. (3-0) Y MKT 6323 Database Marketing (3 semester credit hours) Techniques to analyze, interpret, and utilize marketing databases of customers to identify a firm's best customers, understanding their needs, and targeting communications and promotions to retain such customers. Topics

Marketing for management.

行銷硏究 : Marketing research

This handbook looks to provide academics and students with a comprehensive and holistic understanding of the phenomenon of innovation. Innovation spans a number of fields within the social sciences and humanities: Management, Economics, Geography, Sociology, Politics, Psychology, and History. Consequently, the rapidly increasing body of literature on innovation is characterized by a multitude of perspectives based on, or cutting across, existing disciplines and specializations. Scholars of innovation can come from such diverse starting points that much of this literature can be missed, and so constructive dialogues missed. The editors of The Oxford Handbook of Innovation have carefully selected and designed twenty-one contributions from leading academic experts within their particular field, each focusing on a specific aspect of innovation. These have been organized into four main sections, the first of which looks at the creation of innovations, with particular focus on firms and networks. Section Two provides an account of the wider systematic setting influencing innovation and the role of institutions and organizations in this context. Section Three explores some of the diversity in the working of innovation over time and across different sectors of the economy, and Section Four focuses on the consequences of innovation with respect to economic growth, international competitiveness, and employment. An introductory overview, concluding remarks, and guide to further reading for each chapter, make this handbook a key introduction and vital reference work for researchers, academics, and advanced students of innovation. Contributors to this volume - Jan Fagerberg, University of Oslo William Lazonick, INSEAD Walter W. Powell, Stanford University Keith Pavitt, SPRU Alice Lam, Brunel University Keith Smith, INTECH Charles Edquist, Linkoping David Mowery, University of California, Berkeley Mary O'Sullivan, INSEAD Ove Granstrand, Chalmers Bjorn Asheim, University of Lund Rajneesh Narula, Copenhagen Business School Antonello Zanfei, Urbino Kristine Bruland, University of Oslo Franco Malerba, University of Bocconi Nick Von Tunzelmann, SPRU Ian Miles, University of Manchester Bronwyn Hall, University of California, Berkeley Bart Verspagen , ECIS Francisco Louca, ISEG Manuel M. Godinho, ISEG Richard R. Nelson, Mario Pianta, Urbino Bengt-Ake Lundvall, Aalborg

The Oxford Handbook of Innovation

Productivity as a measure for output is important to industry and academia. In this research, factors to enhance productivity have been identified from the literature by reviewing various international and national sources to explore this evergreen field of research that is “productivity,” which has always been an increasingly interesting area of research for researchers over decades or perhaps over centuries. In total, 15 number of factors have been identified to enhance productivity. Analytic hierarchy process approach has been appropriately chosen to rank these factors because of its simplicity and effectiveness. The tool has been used by taking perception of experts from the Indian manufacturing industry. Positive attitude and involvement of management, proactive employees, and good working conditions have been ranked as top three factors as per the experts’ opinion. The ranking of factors to enhance productivity, categorization of the factors into four perspectives, and hierarchy of perspecti...

https://cogentoa.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23311916.2016.1145043

Evaluation of factors important to enhance productivity

World health organization (WHO) has declared the COVID-19 outbreak as a public health emergency of international concern and then as a pandemic on 30th of January and 11th of March 2020, respective

Advancements in Biosensor Technologies for Medical Field and COVID-19 Pandemic

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is one of the biggest challenges in the field of healthcare Nanomedicine is a developing area that has the potential to treat various diseases and control infec

Nanomedicine technology and COVID-19 outbreak: Applications and challenges

Background- Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone (PEEK) is among the newer special thermoplastic engineering plastics and has shown reasonable biological, mechanical, and chemical properties as a biomaterial in orthopaedics. Objectives- We did an extensive and up to date review on PEEK material in orthopaedics on various search engines e.g. PUBMED, SCOPUS, Google Scholar etc. The relevant details of literature search are presented in this review article.ContentsCompared to traditional biomaterials such as metals, PEEK has the advantage of less stress shielding, is lightweight, avoids adverse reactions caused by metallic ions, compatible with computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging techniques, and maintains high performance with most sterilization techniques. The ideal modulus of elasticity of PEEK is closer to that of bone; thus, the joint can bear weight and move like bone. PEEK is lighter than metals, allowing patients to move about more freely. PEEK can be used with other materials such as carbon fibre to improve bone tissue performance. These applications include fracture fixation implants, arthroplasty implants, bearing surfaces, spinal fusion cages, arthroscopic devices such as suture anchors and interference screws, and 3-D printing of patient-specific implants for osteotomies. Several recent studies have reported similar or slightly better clinical outcomes for PEEK implants than metals and other polymers such as Ultra High Molecular Weight Poly-Ethelene (UHMWPE). The main drawback of PEEK as a biomaterial is the complexity and high cost of manufacturing and lack of thermoformability. PEEK, however, as a biomaterial, is a very viable option for a large variety of orthopaedic applications with several advantages over the traditional biomaterials. High-quality application-based studies on short- and long-term clinical and functional outcomes are required. 

Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone (PEEK) in Orthopaedic practice- A Current Concept Review

Global concern for environment has forced organisations to consider various 
initiatives for controlling and monitoring the environmental impact of their products, 
processes and services throughout the supply chain. Though there is a rise in 
environmental initiatives taken by Indian industries, still it has a long way to go. This 
paper identifies a set of drivers for greening the supply chain and groups them into 
different categories for an Indian context. Based on a detailed analysis of extant literature 
19 drivers were identified and a structured questionnaire was developed and distributed to 
middle level managers from different sectors of Indian industry. A total of 119 valid 
responses were received on a five point Likert scale ranging from unimportant to most 
important. Statistical analysis was used to establish the reliability and validity of the 
questionnaire. Factor analysis identified five factors as regulatory drivers, market drivers, 
economic drivers, social drivers and internal drivers. Further descriptive statistics was 
used to find their importance in Indian context. This work can help Indian managers and 
practitioners to understand the importance of these drivers and their role in greening their 
supply chain.

Abid Haleem

Papers

Evaluation of factors important to enhance productivity

Advancements in Biosensor Technologies for Medical Field and COVID-19 Pandemic

Nanomedicine technology and COVID-19 outbreak: Applications and challenges

Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone (PEEK) in Orthopaedic practice- A Current Concept Review

Identification of drivers for greening of supply chain in India